The title Loul (or Lul) is an ancient
royal title used in the pre-colonial
Serer kingdoms, such as the
Kingdom of Sine
The Kingdom of Sine (also: ''Sin, Siine'' or Siin in the Serer-Sine language) was a post-classical Serer kingdom along the north bank of the Saloum River delta in modern Senegal. The inhabitants are called ''Siin-Siin'' or ''Sine-Sine'' (a Se ...
, the
Kingdom of Saloum
The Kingdom of Saloum (Serer language: ''Saluum'' or ''Saalum'') was a Serer/ Wolof kingdom in present-day Senegal. Its kings may have been of Mandinka/Kaabu origin. The capital of Saloum was the city of Kahone. It was a sister kingdom of S ...
and formerly the
Kingdom of Baol
The Kingdom of Baol or Bawol in central Senegal was one of the kingdoms that arose from the split-up of the Empire of Jolof (Diolof) in 1555. The ruler ( Teigne or Teen) reigned from a capital in Diourbel.
The Kingdom encompassed a strip of l ...
. These three pre-colonial kingdoms are now part of independent
Senegal
Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤠(Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof: ''Réewum Senegaal''; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤠...
. The ''Loul'' was the third in line to the
throne
A throne is the seat of state of a potentate or dignitary, especially the seat occupied by a sovereign on state occasions; or the seat occupied by a pope or bishop on ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the mona ...
after the
Buumi and
Thilas
Thilas (or tjilas, Djilas Tilas, etc.) was an ancient title of nobility used in the Serer pre-colonial Kingdoms of Sine, Saloum and previously the Kingdom of Baol, which are all now part of modern-day Senegal. The ''Thilas'' was the second in the ...
.
[ Diouf, Niokhobaye, « ''Chronique du royaume du Sine''. Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin », in ''Bulletin de l' Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire'' (IFAN), tome 34, série B, numéro 4, 1972, p. 777] In old
Serer language
Serer, often broken into differing regional dialects such as Serer-Sine and Serer saloum, is a language of the kingdoms of Sine and Saloum branch of Niger–Congo spoken by 1.2 million people in Senegal and 30,000 in the Gambia as of 2009. It i ...
, ''Loul'' means ''"envoyer"'' (to send).
[ Sarr, Alioune, « ''Histoire du Sine-Saloum''. Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker », ''Bulletin de l'IFAN'', tome 46, série B, numéros 3-4, 1986–1987, p. 23]
Some have advanced the claim that the title itself derived from the
Lamanic era - (ancient kings and
landed gentry of the
Serer people) and was generally reserved for the lamane
Sène
Sène (many variations: Sene, Seen, pronounced ''Sene'', or long: ''Seen'') is a Serer patronym in Senegal
Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤠(Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') off ...
, the head of the Sène family (or ''Sene'').
In the
pre-colonial
Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their relig ...
period, the Loul took residence at
Loul Sessène,
now part of the
Fatick Region
Fatick is the southwest region of the northern outcrop of Senegal. Its alternative name is Jinnak Bolon. The region is named for its capital city, Fatick. , founded by the Sène family.
Notes
Bibliography
*Diouf, Niokhobaye, « ''Chronique du royaume du Sine''. Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin », ''Bulletin de l'IFAN'', tome 34, série B, numéro 4, 1972
*
Sarr, Alioune, ''Histoire du Sine-Saloum''. Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, ''Bulletin de l'IFAN'', tome 46, série B, numéros 3–4, 1986–1987
*Klein, Martin A., ''Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914'', Edinburgh University Press, 1968
*Diop, Papa Samba, ''Glossaire du roman sénégalais'', L'Harmattan, 2010, p. 92,
{{Serer topics, state=collapsed
Serer royalty
Serer history