Louis-Florent de Vallière (or Devalière; 19 June 1721 – 10 April 1775) was Governor General of the French colony of
Saint-Domingue
Saint-Domingue () was a French colony in the western portion of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in the area of modern-day Haiti, from 1659 to 1804. The name derives from the Spanish main city in the island, Santo Domingo, which came to refer ...
, now
Haiti
Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...
.
Origins
Louis Florent de Vallière was born on 19 June 1721 in Paris.
His parents were Jean Florent, Chevalier de Vallière (1667–1759) and Marguerite Martin of Quesnoy (died 1763).
His older brother was Joseph Florant, Marquis de Vallière (1717–1776).
He became Director of Artillery and Engineers in 1747.
He became a Lieutenant General of the King's Armies, Governor of the town and castle of
Bergues
Bergues (; nl, Sint-Winoksbergen; vls, Bergn) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
It is situated to the south of Dunkirk and from the Belgian border. Locally it is referred to as "the other Bruges in Flanders". Bergues ...
, Lord of
Parnes, Commander of the
Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis.
Governor of Saint-Domingue
Louis-Florent, chevalier de Vallière, was governor of Saint-Domingue from October 1772 until his death on 10 April 1775.
Vallière and the new intendant Jean-François Vincent de Montarcher replaced the outgoing governor
Pierre Gédéon de Nolivos
Pierre Gédéon, Comte de Nolivos (born 25 November 1715) was a French soldier who served as Governor of Guadeloupe from 1765–1768, then as Governor of Saint-Domingue from 1769–1772.
Early years
Pierre Gédéon René de Nolivos was born on ...
and intendant Alexandre-Jaques de Bongars.
Nolivos had left on 10 February 1770, and was replaced as interim governor by De la Ferronnays on 15 January 1772.
Soon after taking office, Vallière and Montarcher had to deal with the question of the mulatto Marie-Victoire.
The planter Philippe Morisseau, who died in 1770 or 1771, left a will that provided that six of his mulatto slaves were manumitted.
His brother and heir claimed that as inheritor only he could grant manumission.
The former governor and indendant had ruled in his favor in an ordinance of 15 February 1771.
Vallière and Montarcher issued an ordinance that declared Marie-Victoire and her daughter were free by birth.
Their basis was that Marie-Victoire's baptismal act gave the status of her mother as "free".
The decision was appealed to the Conseil d'État in Paris, which on 22 December 1775 struck down the ordinance of Vallière and Montarcher, saying that masters alone could not give freedom to slaves, which could only be done by the king or the Conseil d'État.
Louis Florent de Vallière transformed the Port-au-Prince market, a quadrangle, into a public garden.
Some time later the garden held the city's first auditorium, "La Comédie".
Today the space is occupied by the Marché Vallière, a market.
Louis Florent de Vallière died in Port-au-Prince on 10 April 1775.
Reynaud de Villeverd took his place as interim governor from 12 May to 16 August 1775, when he was replaced by Thérèse Charpentier, Count of Ennery.
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1721 births
1775 deaths
Governors of Saint-Domingue