Red-bodied swallowtails or ruby swallowtail ( due to the color ) are

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

in the swallowtail family, that belong to the genera ''Atrophaneura'', ''Byasa'', ''Losaria'', or ''Pachliopta''. They are generally found in Asia (

Indomalayan realm The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms. It extends across most of South and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia. Also called the Oriental realm by biogeographers, Indomalaya spreads all over the Indi ...

Collectors Collector(s) may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Collector (character), a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe * ''Collector'' (2011 film), a 2011 Indian Malayalam film * ''Collector'' (2016 film), a 2016 Russian film * ''Collec ...

have found the red-bodied swallowtails difficult to kill. Pinching the thorax, a method which kills most butterflies, is withstood and apparently only stuns the butterfly temporarily.

Life history

The eggs are simple. The larvae resemble those of other Troidini. Fleshy spine-like tubercles, often with red tips, line the caterpillars' backs, and their bodies are dark red to brown and velvety black or shades of grey with a pattern of black lines. They feed on species of ''

Aristolochia ''Aristolochia'' () is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the type genus of the family Aristolochiaceae. Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in the most diverse clima ...

'' and '' Thottea''. Chrysalids are camouflaged to look like a dead leaf or twig. They are attached by a girdle and an anal pad. Adults are nectar feeding. Many species of red-bodied swallowtails show

aposematism Aposematism is the advertising by an animal to potential predators that it is not worth attacking or eating. This unprofitability may consist of any defences which make the prey difficult to kill and eat, such as toxicity, venom, foul taste or ...

, and serve as models for

Batesian mimicry Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both. It is named after the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates, after his work on bu ...

. The biology of '' Pachliopta hector'' and '' Pachliopta aristolochiae'' are well studied. File:Pachliopta hector egg sec.jpg, ''Pachliopta hector'' egg File:Common Rose Cat in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0052.jpg, ''Pachliopta aristolochiae'' larva File:ジャコウアゲハ蛹-1.jpg, ''Byasa alcinous'' pupa

Taxonomy

Species limits may be either narrow (many species - forma and subspecies raised to full or "good" species) or broad (fewer species - rank reduction) se
Jürgen Haffer
for a discussion.

Genera and species

Listed alphabetically within genera: genus: ''Atrophaneura'' Reakirt,

865 __NOTOC__ Year 865 ( DCCCLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * King Louis the German divides the East Frankish Kingdom among his three sons. Ca ...

/small> (earlier considered as subgenus ''Atrophaneura'' but now raised to genus level) :*'' Atrophaneura aidoneus'' (Doubleday, 1845) — lesser batwing :*'' Atrophaneura dixoni'' (Grose-Smith, 1900) :*'' Atrophaneura horishana'' (Matsumura, 1910) — aurora swallowtail :*'' Atrophaneura kuehni'' (Honrath, 1886) :*'' Atrophaneura luchti'' (Roepke, 1935) :*'' Atrophaneura nox'' (Swainson, 1822) — Malayan batwing :*'' Atrophaneura priapus'' (Boisduval, 1836) — Priapus batwing :*''

Atrophaneura semperi ''Atrophaneura semperi'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. It is the type species for the genus. The wingspan is 12–15 cm. The wings are black. The body has r ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) :*'' Atrophaneura schadenbergi'' (Semper, 1891) :*'' Atrophaneura sycorax'' (Grose-Smith, 1885) :*''

Atrophaneura varuna ''Atrophaneura varuna'', the common batwing, is a butterfly found in India and Southeast Asia that belongs to the swallowtail family, and more specifically, the batwings group of ''Atrophaneura'', comprising tailless black swallowtail butterfl ...

'' (White, 1842) — common batwing :*''

Atrophaneura zaleucus ''Atrophaneura zaleucus'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in Burma. The wingspan is 100–110 mm. The wings are black. The body is covered in red hair. There are white markings on the hindwings. Etymolo ...

'' (Hewitson,

genus: ''Byasa'' Moore, 1882 (earlier considered as subgenus ''Byasa'' but now raised to genus level). :*'' Byasa adamsoni'' (Grose-Smith, 1886) — Adamson's rose :*''

Byasa alcinous ''Byasa alcinous'', the Chinese windmill, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. Description ''Byasa alcinous'' has a wingspan reaching about . The basic colour of the wings is black or dark brown. The hindwings have long tails and a chain o ...

'' (Klug, 1836) — Chinese windmill :*'' Byasa crassipes'' (Oberthür, 1893) — black windmill :*'' Byasa daemonius'' (Alphéraky, 1895) :*''

Byasa dasarada ''Byasa dasarada'', the great windmill, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the windmills genus, ''Byasa'', comprising tailed black swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents. Range and status Northern Indi ...

'' (Moore, 1857) — great windmill :*'' Byasa hedistus'' (Jordan, 1928) :*''

Byasa impediens ''Byasa impediens'', the pink-spotted windmill, is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae (swallowtails) found in Taiwan. The wingspan is 10–11 cm. The wings are black and have large light pink spots. The underside of the win ...

'' (Rothschild, 1895) :*''

Byasa laos ''Byasa laos'', the Lao windmill, is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae. The species was first described by Norman Denbigh Riley and Edward John Godfrey in 1921. The species is found in Laos and northern Thailand, of Southeast ...

'' (Riley & Godfrey, 1921) :*''

Byasa latreillei ''Byasa latreillei'', the rose windmill, is a butterfly from the windmills genus (''Byasa''), found in various parts of Asia, comprising tailed black swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents. Description * Wingsp ...

'' (Donovan, 1826) — rose windmill :*''

Byasa mencius ''Byasa mencius'' is a butterfly from the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in China. The species was first described by Cajetan Felder and Rudolf Felder in 1862. The wingspan is 10–11 cm. The wings are dark brown with chai ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1862) :*''

Byasa nevilli ''Byasa nevilli'', the Nevill's windmill, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the windmills genus (''Byasa''), comprising tailed black swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents. Range North east India ( ...

'' (Wood-Mason, 1882) — Nevill's windmill :*'' Byasa plutonius'' (Oberthür, 1876) — Chinese windmill :*''

Byasa polla ''Byasa polla'', the De Nicéville's windmill, is a butterfly found in India that belongs to the windmills genus (''Byasa''), comprising tailed black Swallowtail butterfly, swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents. ...

'' (de Nicéville, 1897) — De Niceville's windmill :*''

Byasa polyeuctes ''Byasa polyeuctes'', the common windmill, is the most common member in India of the windmills genus (''Byasa''), comprising tailed black Swallowtail butterfly, swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents. Range This ...

'' (Doubleday, 1842) — common windmill :*'' Byasa rhadinus'' (Jordan, 1928) genus: ''Losaria'' Moore,

902 __NOTOC__ Year 902 (Roman numerals, CMII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Adalbert II, Margrave of Tuscany, Adalbert II, margr ...

/small> (earlier considered as subgenus ''Losaria'' but now raised to genus level) :*'' Losaria coon'' (Fabricius, 1793) — common clubtail :*''

Losaria palu ''Losaria palu'', the Palu swallowtail, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. Its name is a reference to Palu, as the type specimen was captured in the highlands near the city, bu ...

'' (Martin, 1912) — Palu swallowtail - has been regarded a subspecies of ''A. coon''Hancook, D.L. (1982). ''A note on Atrophaneura palu (Martin) 1912.'' Papilo International. 1(3): 71-73 :*''

Losaria rhodifer ''Losaria rhodifer'', the Andaman clubtail, is a rare species of the swallowtail family, Papilionidae, native to India. The butterfly belongs to the genus ''Losaria'', or the clubtails, as they are commonly known. Distribution The butterfly is ...

'' (Butler, 1876) — Andaman clubtail :*''

Losaria neptunus ''Losaria neptunus'', the yellow-bodied club-tail or yellow club-tail, is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in Sumatra, south Burma, north Borneo and the Philippines The wingspan is . The wings are dark brown or b ...

'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1840) — yellow-bodied club-tail or yellow club-tail genus: ''Pachliopta'' Reakirt,

/small> (earlier considered as subgenus ''Pachliopta'' but now raised to genus level) :*'' Pachliopta adamas'' (

Zinken Sorgschrofen is a mountain in the Allgäu Alps of Bavaria, Germany. A lower summit of Sorgschrofen is the Zinken. There is a summit cross on both Sorgschrofen and Zinken. Quadripoint The summit is the only land link Jungholz has to the rest ...

, 1831) :*'' Pachliopta aristolochiae'' (Fabricius, 1775) — common rose :*''

Pachliopta antiphus ''Pachliopta antiphus'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae (swallowtails) that is found in Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines. The larvae feed on ''Aristolochia''. Taxonomy The taxonomic position of ''P. a. antiphus'' is ...

'' (Fabricius, 1793) :*''

Pachliopta atropos ''Pachliopta atropos'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is endemic to the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=n ...

'' (Staudinger, 1888) :*'' Pachliopta hector'' (Linnaeus, 1758) — crimson rose :*''

Pachliopta jophon ''Pachliopta jophon'', the Ceylon rose or Sri Lankan rose, is a butterfly found in Sri Lanka that belongs to the swallowtail family. It was earlier classified as a subspecies of '' Pachliopta hector'', the crimson rose. Range It is endemic to S ...

'' (Gray,

853 __NOTOC__ Year 853 ( DCCCLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 22 – A Byzantine fleet (85 ships and 5,000 men) sacks and d ...

— Ceylon rose or Sri Lankan rose :*''

Pachliopta kotzebuea ''Pachliopta kotzebuea'', the pink rose, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae (the swallowtails). It is found in the Philippines. Food plants include birthwort ('' Aristolochia'') species.Pachliopta leytensis ''Pachliopta leytensis'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, link ...

'' (Murayama, 1978) :*''

Pachliopta liris ''Pachliopta liris'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found on Timor Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is East Timor–Indonesia border, ...

'' (Godart, 1819) :*''

Pachliopta mariae ''Pachliopta mariae'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae (the swallowtails) that is found in the Philippines. The wingspan is 100–110 mm. The wings are generally black with red spots and white markings. The larvae fee ...

'' (Semper, 1878) :*'' Pachliopta oreon'' (Doherty, 1891) :*''

Pachliopta pandiyana ''Pachliopta pandiyana'', the Malabar rose, is a swallowtail butterfly belonging to the genus ''Pachliopta'', the roses or red-bodied swallowtails. It is an important endemic butterfly of south India. Description This was earlier considered a ...

'' (Moore, 1881) — Malabar rose :*''

Pachliopta phlegon ''Pachliopta phlegon'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae (the swallowtails) that is found in the Philippines. The larvae feed on ''Aristolochia ''Aristolochia'' () is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the t ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1864) :*'' Pachliopta polydorus'' (Linnaeus, 1763) — red-bodied swallowtail :*''

Pachliopta polyphontes ''Pachliopta polyphontes'' is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae that is found in Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-l ...

'' (Boisduval, 1836) :*'' Pachliopta strandi'' (Bryk, 1930)

References

External links

Flickr
Correctly identified tagged photos

{{Taxonbar, from=Q737853 Atrophaneura Insect common names Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN