Lorgues (; oc, Lòrgas) is a

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

in the

Var Var or VAR may refer to: Places * Var (department), a department of France * Var (river), France * Vār, Iran, village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran * Var, Iran (disambiguation), other places in Iran * Vár, a village in Obreja commune, Ca ...

department Department may refer to: * Departmentalization, division of a larger organization into parts with specific responsibility Government and military *Department (administrative division), a geographical and administrative division within a country, ...

in the

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (; or , ; commonly shortened to PACA; en, Provence-Alps-French Riviera, italic=yes; also branded as Région Sud) is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France, the far southeastern on the mainland. Its pref ...

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...

in southeastern

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. It is situated 13 km south-west from the town of

Draguignan Draguignan (; oc, Draguinhan) is a commune in the Var department in the administrative region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (formerly Provence), southeastern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department and self-proclaimed "capital of Ar ...

Geography

Location

Lorgues is situated in the center of the department of the Var between the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ea ...

and the

Gorges du Verdon The Verdon Gorge ( French: ''Gorges du Verdon'') is a river canyon located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. It is about 25 km (15.5 mi) long and up to 700 metres (0.4 mi) deep. It was formed by th ...

/ Lac Sainte Croix. The town can be reached via the A8 motorway (20 km away) or the SNCF Les Arcs-Draguignan railway station (12 km); by air, Toulon-Hyères Airport is 45 minutes away,

Nice Côte d'Azur Airport Nice Côte d'Azur Airport (french: link=no, Aéroport Nice Côte d'Azur) is an international airport located southwest of Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes ''départment'' of France. It is the third busiest airport in France and serves as a focus ...

1 hour 10 minutes, and

Marseille Provence Airport Marseille Provence Airport () is an international airport located 27 km (17 miles) northwest of Marseille, on the territory of Marignane, both ''communes'' of the Bouches-du-Rhône ''département'' in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur '' r� ...

1 hour 30 minutes. Its setting has been favourable for the town, with Lorgues lying where two ancient routes cross. One, north-south, climbs from the Mediterranean coast into the interior while the other, east-west, is part of the long inland route from Italy to the Rhône Valley that runs along the foot of the high plateaus. This focus of communication has resulted in Lorgues being an important market town and regional centre throughout its history. Lorgues OSM 02

Relief

In terms of geology Lorgues is, for the most part, underlain by Triassic and Jurassic limestones which give rise to gentle hills and narrow flat-bottomed valleys, the most important of which are the valleys of the rivers

Argens The Argens (; oc, Argens) is a 116 km long river of the French Riviera. Its drainage basin is fully included in the Var department.The canals were scrupulously maintained until the 1930s, as was the washhouse on Canal Street. The Canal flowed until the heat wave of 2003; now it flows intermittently, but its bed has been completely excavated, because of severe flooding in 2010. These canals, and the many fountains still present in the older parts of the town, were used to water the gardens, as at the Lower Fountain (''Font basse'', 13th century), and also served to run olive oil mills. They were also an ornament to the town, such the Fontaine de la Noix (1771) or more recently the Fontaine des Demoiselles (2011). Other older ones, as the Fountain of the Pump, brought their water to the inhabitants of the medieval town.

History

Pre-history to Roman times

The oldest solid evidence of human settlement around Lorgues are two Bronze Age tombs (dolmen) in the hamlet of St Jaume, testimony to a very old settlement, around 2,000 to 3,000 BC. On the wooded hill of Saint-Ferréol that overlooks the town to the east are the remains of an oppidum: a fortified settlement that acted as a refuge for the community in the troubled centuries before Rome brought stability to the area. Lorgues’ status as a market town and regional centre began during the long period of stability (over 500 years) which marked Roman rule in Provence. Latin gave rise to the Provencal language, and the adoption of Christianity was to shape the history of Lorgues, as can be seen from its numerous chapels and other religious buildings.

Medieval Lorgues

The period from the end of the Roman empire to the 11th or 12th century is poorly documented. Lorgues developed as a small market town, deeply rooted in agriculture, a regional centre for church, education and legal matters, a place for matters of trade and travel. In the 12th century the

Knights Templar , colors = White mantle with a red cross , colors_label = Attire , march = , mascot = Two knights riding a single horse , equipment ...

of the Ruou Commandry ( Commanderie du Ruou) acquired an interest in Lorgues and for nearly two centuries dominated the town where they probably took responsibility for the welfare of its inhabitants. Despite not being involved in fighting in France the Templars retained a military outlook and oversaw the creation of ramparts, towers and fortified gateways around the ancient part of Lorgues, which can still be seen even though only a few of the original twelve towers and nine gates now remain. Lorgues ramparts

During the 13th to 15th centuries Lorgues continued to grow. Its status as a free independent town within the

County of Provence The land of Provence has a history quite separate from that of any of the larger nations of Europe. Its independent existence has its origins in the frontier nature of the dukedom in Merovingian Gaul. In this position, influenced and affected by ...

was confirmed in 1402 by Louis II and again in 1486 by René d’Anjou, Count of Provence. In 1474 Count René permitted the town to expand to the east of the old fortified area (the ''castrum''). The result was Place Neuve (New Square) and additional buildings to the south. In 1486 the old county of Provence was absorbed into the kingdom of France, although French did not become the official language for another 60 years.

16th to 18th century

Despite episodes of epidemics and plagues, and the Wars of Religion, Lorgues continued to grow in the 16th century, with many new religious buildings (some have been converted to other use, others no longer exist) in addition to town houses. In 1579 the town withstood a siege of six weeks during the Wars of Religion, during which a fountain in the old town (still in use) kept working and so enabled the defenders to resist. Olives were the most important crop and the town had at least seventeen olive presses. In 1623 the present ‘campanile’ – open bell tower – was erected by raising the height of a tower at the corner of the old ramparts. Many houses were built to the south of what is now the Avenue de la Republique, in the area to the west of the new collegiate church of Saint Martin which was the town’s major building project in the early 18th century (1704–29). A livestock market was held from around the 18th century on the edge of the old town in Les Aires Neuves, now Place Accarisio, where wheat was also threshed. One of the eight olive oil mills in Lorgues, the mill of Saint Martin (1776) can be seen in the square; it got its power from the local canal. Lorgues Place Neuve

Lorgues was one of 12 vigueries (an area for administering justice and finance) in Provence, and the Palais de Justice (1768) in Place Neuve was built to house the law courts. A symbol of civil pride, the Fountain of the Walnut (Fontaine de la Noix) was erected in 1771. The period of the French Revolution at the end of the 18th century did not affect Lorgues greatly, even though the town retained sympathies to the monarchy. Under the new constitution of 1790, France was organised into 83 departments, and Lorgues became part of the Var.

Modern Lorgues

Nineteenth-century Lorgues was marked by prosperity, during which the population rose to around 5,000. Many large houses were built along the Boulevard de la République, a grand town hall (''mairie'') was also built and a large public school building erected. French olive oil began to face competition from cheaper imports, resulting in a switch to the vine as a preferred crop. The population began to decline at the end of the 19th century, and suffered a particular blow after the First World War when some 93 men were killed. The war memorial was erected in 1921 in a garden on the site of today’s Marius Trussy Square. War trophies – a cannon and four shells – contributed to its decoration. When it was decided in 1958 to level the garden at street level to make a square, the monument was moved to the Place d’Antrechaus, at the top end of Boulevard de la République, where it stands today, although without the war trophies. In the confusion of the Allied landings in Provence in August 1944, Lorgues suffered civilian deaths from air attack and also the loss of 22 of its young men by the retreating Germans. In consequence the town was awarded the ''Croix de guerre 1939-1945.'' After the war the population of Lorgues remained low and it continues as a small town dependent on agriculture. However the ‘discovery’ of the south of France as a holiday destination in the 1960s led to growth, especially with the construction of the A8 autoroute and the TGV train line. Tourism is now an important part of the economy. Many of the older buildings in Lorgues have become residences or put to other use: for example, the Cultural Centre was once a convent and some of the old olive mills are now homes or restaurants. Much work has been done to make the older part of the town fit for the 21st century without destroying its character. In the medieval part of the town, new squares have been created where older buildings have had to be demolished. The latest, inaugurated in February 2020, is the Square of Queen Joanna.

Coat of arms

Lorgues' coat of arms is first recorded in the mid-17th century. It has changed slightly over the years through Revolution and Restoration, but the emblems of the lion and the dog supporting a fleur-de-lys have been consistent: the animals symbolise the town’s motto “Strength and Fidelity” (''Force et Fidélité'').

Politics and administration

Lorgues is part of th
Dracénie Provence Verdon
agglomeration, created in 2000, which groups 23 communes (listed below in alphabetical order). Draguignan;

Ampus Ampus (; oc, Empus) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. The hilltop village of Ampus is situated 14 km northwest of Draguignan. See also *Communes of the Var department Th ...

;

Bargemon Bargemon (; oc, Barjamon) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. Geography Climate Bargemon has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification ''Csa''). The aver ...

;

Bargème Bargème (; oc, Bargema) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. See also *Communes of the Var department The following is a list of the 153 communes of the Var department of Fra ...

;

Callas Maria Callas . (born Sophie Cecilia Kalos; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977) was an American-born Greek soprano who was one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century. Many critics praised her ''bel cant ...

; Châteaudouble;

Claviers Claviers (; oc, Clavier) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It is approximately west of Cannes. History Like much of France, there is evidence of the Roman presence during the ...

;

Comps-sur-Artuby Comps-sur-Artuby (, literally ''Comps on Artuby''; oc, Comps d'Artubi) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. It is the nearest town to the eastern entrance to the Gorges du Verdon. ...

;

Figanières Figanières (; oc, Figanieras) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2019, it had a population of 2,623. Figanières is located just northeast of Draguignan. See also *Communes o ...

;

Flayosc Flayosc (; Provençal: ''Flaiòsc'') is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France. Geography Flayosc is far from Draguignan, and about from the Mediterranean Sea. The village is locat ...

; La Bastide; La Motte;

La Roque-Esclapon La Roque-Esclapon (; oc, La Ròca Esclapon) is a Communes of France, commune in the Var (département), Var Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region in southeastern France. It had a population ...

;

Le Muy Le Muy (; oc, Lo Muei) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2019, it had a population of 9,288. Le Muy was one of the first places to be liberated in the Allied invasion of Sout ...

;

Montferrat Montferrat (, ; it, Monferrato ; pms, Monfrà , locally ; la, Mons Ferratus) is part of the region of Piedmont in northern Italy. It comprises roughly (and its extent has varied over time) the modern provinces of Alessandria and Asti. Mo ...

;

Les Arcs Les Arcs () is a ski resort located in Savoie, France, in the Tarentaise Valley town of Bourg-Saint-Maurice. Initially created by Robert Blanc and Roger Godino, it is a part of the huge Paradiski system which is under ownership by Compagnie des A ...

; Lorgues;

Saint-Antonin-du-Var Saint-Antonin-du-Var (Occitan: ''Sant Antonin dau Var'' or simply ''Sant Antonin''), commonly referred to simply as Saint-Antonin, is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2019 it had ...

;

Salernes Salernes (; oc, Salèrna) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also ...

;

Sillans-la-Cascade Sillans-la-Cascade (; oc, Silan) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. In 2017, it had a population of 752. Tourism As the commune's name suggests, it has a spectacular waterfall ...

;

Taradeau Taradeau (; oc, Taradèu) is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It als ...

;

Trans-en-Provence Trans-en-Provence (; Provençal: ''Tranç'') is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. Trans-en-Provence is famous among the ufologists as the site of an alleged UFO incident called th ...

;

Vidauban Vidauban () is a Communes of France, commune in the Var (département), Var Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region in southeastern France. It lies on the bank of the river Argens. Geography ...

. In December 2020 Lorgues was chosen to become a ''Petite Ville de Demain'' (Small Town of Tomorrow) in recognition of its efforts to improve the life of its inhabitants and that of the small communities surrounding the town with a commitment to a more ecological development.

Demography

Lorgues reached a population peak of 5,509 in the late 18th century, which it was not to pass again until the 1980s. It stayed fairly stable at over 4,000 for the next 90 years, only starting to decline at the end of the 19th century. As with many French towns, the population dropped considerably after the First World War to around 2,500, and grew only slowly after that. It was not until the mid-1960s, when the area became popular as a holiday and retirement destination, that the population began to grow, which it steadily did from the late 1960s to reach around 9,000 by 2018.

Economy

The remains of Lorgues’ agricultural heritage can be found in the many old mills (flour or olive oil), bread ovens and wine presses. The town is still surrounded by numerous vineyards, with around 14 main producers whose wine is exported as well being sold locally. Although the number of olive trees has declined (there were said to be over 20,000 trees in the late 19th century), olives are still harvested. Lorgues market

With the rise in popularity of the area as a place for holidays and retirement, many services have developed to meet the needs of second-home owners and for those wishing to build or maintain their homes. With its position between the sea and the Gorges du Verdon, Lorgues is ideally situated as a tourist destination, and attracts large numbers, not only from other parts of France but other countries, in the season. A large number of restaurants in and around the town help to cater for them as well as the resident population. As well as a range of shops catering for everyday needs, Lorgues holds the largest market in the Dracénie region every Tuesday morning. A wide range of fruit, vegetables, fish, poultry, meat, bread, clothes and many other products, are on offer. In the summer months, a Friday market showcases local producers, mostly fruit, vegetables, cheeses and wines.

Heritage

As the section on Lorgues’ history indicates, there are many old buildings and monuments, in and around the town. Many have been preserved thanks to the efforts of the local heritage society, the Friends of Saint-Ferréol and Old Lorgues (''Association des Amis de Saint-Ferréol et Vieux Lorgues''). A selection is mentioned below and more information can be found on th
Association’s website
Bains Maures -vue NE- Lorgues 7398.JPG, Lorgues dolm peycervier 06.jpg, La collégiale St-Martin de Lorgues - 2017.jpg, Collegiate church of St Martin

Lorgues old town (‘castrum’)

The medieval town is the core of Lorgues, with its narrow, winding streets. Many towers from the old defensive system can still be seen, such as the Sarrasine Gate. Outside the original walls are rows of houses dating from the 16th century onwards, and later buildings such as the Palais de Justice, the 17th century lawcourts. Maps for exploring the old town, its chapels and its fountains are available from th
Tourist Office
The town hall (''mairie'') and old school were built in the 19th century when the town was expanding.

Religious buildings

Lorgues has an important heritage of chapels. Many of the oldest are situated on the roads leading into the town and feature a porch, a “halle”, a protection against bad weather. Some of them took on a new function over time, as chapels to hamlets, others today are privately owned and have been converted to secular use or abandoned. In the 17th and 19th centuries some chapels were built by religious communities: Saint Ferréol and Saint François date from the 17th century; the 19th century chapels are now either in private hands or no longer used. The 18th century saw the building of the Collegiate Church of Saint Martin to replace the old parish church of the same name. Few chapels have been able to keep their original decoration, paintings, altarpieces, frescoes, reliquary busts and statues. Some that have are Sainte-Anne, Saint-Ferréol, Saint-François and especially Notre-Dame de Ben-Va, which contains early 16th-century frescos. Others have only preserved relics of furnishings, such as Saint-Honorat, Saint-Jaume, Saint-Jean-Baptiste and Notre-Dame de Florièyes. All have been altered by the vicissitudes of history: invasions, revolution and rural exodus. Some of the chapels can be visited by appointment with th
Tourist Office
or at certain other times of the year. Façade St Ferréol Lorgues1.jpg, Chapel of Saint-Ferréol. ND Benva - ext.jpg, Notre-Dame de Benva Lorgues ch ND Florieye 1.jpg, Notre-Dame de Florieye. Lorgues - chapelle Sainte Anne 3.JPG, Chapel of Sainte Anne. Lorgues - Chapelle Saint Jaume 3.JPG, Chapel of Saint Jaume.

Other monuments

As mentioned in the section on pre-history, Bronze Age tombs (particularly th
dolmen of Pey-cervier
and a pre-Roman fortification
oppidum
have been found in the area, although not much remains, particularly of the latter.

Daily Life

* Lorgues has a strong scholastic presence, with two nursery and two primary schools. The secondary schools (''collège'' and ''lycée'') draw in students from other towns and villages in the area. * There is a long tradition of active societies in Lorgues, particularly those offering different kinds of sports, but there are also many cultural and social associations. * The town is well supplied with doctors, dentists, nurses and other health professionals, and contains a number of pharmacies. The nearest hospital is in Draguignan. * The Catholic parish of Lorgues includes Saint-Antonin and Le Thoronet. The main parish church is the large collegiate church of Saint Martin, which dominates the town. The Protestants have used the small chapel of Saint Honorat since 1980 for monthly services. An old shepherd’s dwelling (''bergerie'') has been transformed into a mosque for Muslim worship.