Lope Díaz II de Haro "''Cabeza Brava''" (b. 1170 – d. 15 November 1236) was a Spanish noble of the
House of Haro
The House of Haro was one of the most powerful families of Castile during the Middle Ages and strongly supported the expansionist policies of Alfonso VI of Castile. As a reward, Íñigo López was named the first Lord of Biscay.
In the early 16t ...
, the sixth
Lord of Biscay
The Lordship of Biscay ( es, Señorío de Vizcaya, Basque: ''Bizkaiko jaurerria'') was a region under feudal rule in the region of Biscay in the Iberian Peninsula between 1040 and 1876, ruled by a political figure known as the Lord of Biscay. On ...
, and founder of the municipality of
Plentzia eu, Plentziar
, population_note =
, population_density_km2 = auto
, blank_name_sec1 =
, blank_info_sec1 =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST = CEST
, utc_offse ...
. He was the eldest son of
Diego López II de Haro and his wife, María Manrique. Lope was also a member of the
Order of Santiago
The Order of Santiago (; es, Orden de Santiago ), is a religious and military order founded in the 12th century. It owes its name to the Patron Saint of Spain, "Santiago" ( St. James the Greater). Its initial objective was to protect the pilgr ...
.
Biography
Lope Díaz fought alongside his father at the
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, known in Islamic history as the Battle of Al-Uqab ( ar, معركة العقاب), took place on 16 July 1212 and was an important turning point in the ''Reconquista'' and the medieval history of Spain. The Christ ...
where he distinguished himself. That action expelled the
Almohad
The Almohad Caliphate (; ar, خِلَافَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِينَ or or from ar, ٱلْمُوَحِّدُونَ, translit=al-Muwaḥḥidūn, lit=those who profess the Tawhid, unity of God) was a North African Berbers, Berber M ...
s from the region and brought it under
Castilian rule. The battle was commanded by three Christian kings;
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Alfonso VIII (11 November 11555 October 1214), called the Noble (''El Noble'') or the one of Las Navas (''el de las Navas''), was King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo. After having suffered a great defeat with his own army at ...
,
Peter II of Aragon
Peter II the Catholic (; ) (July 1178 – 12 September 1213) was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1196 to 1213.
Background
Peter was born in Huesca, the son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. In 1205 he acknowled ...
and
Sancho VII of Navarre
Sancho VII ( eu, Antso VII.a; 11577 April 1234) called the Strong ( eu, Azkarra, es, el Fuerte) was King of Navarre from 1194 until his death in 1234. He was the son and heir of Sancho VI, whom he followed as the second king to hold the tit ...
.
Lope Díaz came to power in difficult times after the death of his father on 16 October 1214. A few days after he came to power, King Alfonso VIII of Castile died, leaving his 10-year-old son, the ill-fated
Henry I of Castile
Henry I of Castile (14 April 1204 – 6 June 1217) was king of Castile. He was the son of Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile (daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine). He was the brother of Berengu ...
, as heir to the throne after mysterious the death of his older brother,
Fernando de Castilla y Plantagenet. The
House of Lara
The House of Lara (Spanish: ''Casa de Lara'') is a Nobility, noble family from the medieval Kingdom of Castile. Two of its branches, the Duques de Nájera and the Marquesado de Aguilar de Campoo were considered Grandees of Spain. The Lara family ...
gained power over Henry and started a rivalry with his sister,
Berengaria of Castile
Berengaria ( Castilian: ''Berenguela''; nicknamed the Great (Castilian: la Grande); 1179 or 1180 – 8 November 1246) was reigning Queen of CastileThe full title was ''Regina Castelle et Toleti'' (Queen of Castille and Toledo). for a brief time ...
, who consequently was Lope Díaz' patron. In 1217, Henry was 'accidentally' killed at the age of 13 by a falling roof tile. He was succeeded by his sister Berengaria, with the support of Lope Díaz, amongst other nobles, who later abdicated in favor of her son
Ferdinand III of Castile
Ferdinand III ( es, Fernando, link=no; 1199/120130 May 1252), called the Saint (''el Santo''), was King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230 as well as King of Galicia from 1231. He was the son of Alfonso IX of León and Berenguela of ...
, crowned in
Nájera
Nájera () is a small town, former bishopric and now Latin Catholic titular see, former capital of the Kingdom of Navarre, located in the "Rioja Alta" region of La Rioja, northern Spain, on the river Najerilla. Nájera is a stopping point on the F ...
.
Alfonso IX of León
Alfonso IX (15 August 117123 or 24 September 1230) was King of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death.
He took steps towards modernizing and democratizing his dominion and founded the University ...
, the father of Ferdinand III was against the coronation of his son and invaded Castile with the support of the House of Lara. During this invasion,
Álvaro Núñez de Lara gained power in Nájera and was subsequently defeated and imprisoned by Lope Díaz.
For his supporting role in the backing of Ferdinand III as king, Lope Díaz was granted the title of "Alférez del Rey", or lieutenant of the king. He was married to the daughter of King Alfonso IX and step-sister of Ferdinand III,
Urraca Alfonso de León Urraca (also spelled ''Hurraca'', ''Urracha'' and ''Hurracka'' in medieval Latin) is a female first name. In Spanish, the name means magpie, derived perhaps from Latin ''furax'', meaning "thievish", in reference to the magpie's tendency to collect ...
. He was also given titles over the villages of
Haro and
Pedroso. Lope participated in various other wars supporting the ascension of Ferdinand III such as the expeditions against the Moors in
Andalucía, of which the most important was the capture of
Baeza in 1227. For his role in the city's capture, Lope Díaz was given the title of ''Conquistador de Baeza''.
In the early 1230s, the bishop of Calahorra wanted to exert his power over all the churches subject to the
Monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla
The monasteries of San Millán de Suso (6th century) and San Millán de Yuso (11th century) are two monasteries situated in the village of San Millán de la Cogolla, La Rioja, Spain. They have been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO sinc ...
. This led to multiple lawsuits that would end in 1232 with the move of the
Diocese of Calahorra y La Calzada-Logroño to
Santo Domingo de la Calzada
Santo Domingo de la Calzada is a municipality in La Rioja, Spain, situated on the banks of the Oja River. Its name refers to its founder, Dominic de la Calzada, who built a bridge, hospital, and hotel here for pilgrims on the French Way the most ...
. By 1235, the fallout from this shakeup was so great that Lope was forced to expel the bishop who fled to
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
and the diocese moved back to
Calahorra
Calahorra [] ( an, Calagorra, la, Calagurris) is a municipality in the comarca of Rioja Baja, near the border with Navarre on the right bank of the Ebro. During Ancient Rome, Ancient Roman times, Calahorra was a municipium known as ''Calagurris ...
.
In 1234, fresh conflict broke out between King Ferdinand III and two of his leading magnates,
Álvaro Pérez de Castro el Castellano: head of the
House of Castro
The House of Castro is an Iberian Nobility, noble lineage present in the since the Middle Ages in the kingdoms of Kingdom of Castile, Castile, Kingdom of Galicia, Galicia, and Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal. Though its exact origins are disputed, t ...
, and Lope Díaz II de Haro. Lope's grievances with the king were a result of a disagreement between the two at the siege of
Úbeda
Úbeda (; from Iberian ''Ibiut'') is a town in the province of Jaén in Spain's autonomous community of Andalusia, with 34,733 (data 2017) inhabitants. Both this city and the neighbouring city of Baeza benefited from extensive patronage in the ...
. Without the approval of the king, who was uncle of Lope's daughters as his sister was Lope's wife, Alvaro Perez de Castro married Lope's daughter
Mencia Lopez de Haro. This led king Ferdinand to relinquish all the titles and lands granted to Álvaro Pérez de Castro by the crown even though the conflict was settled arbitrarily by the Queens Berengaria de Castilla and
Elisabeth of Swabia
Elisabeth of Swabia (renamed Beatrice; March/May 1205 – 5 November 1235), was a member of the House of Hohenstaufen who became Queen of Castile and Leon by marriage to Ferdinand III.
Born in Nürnberg, Elisabeth was the fourth daughter of Phi ...
.
Death
Lope Díaz de Haro II died shortly after on 15 November 1236. He was buried in a sepulcher at the monastery of
Santa María la Real de Nájera
Santa Claus, also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, or simply Santa, is a Legend, legendary figure originating in Western Christianity, Western Christian culture who is said to Christmas gift-bringer, bring ...
Marriage and Descendants
Lope Díaz married
Urraca Alfonso de León Urraca (also spelled ''Hurraca'', ''Urracha'' and ''Hurracka'' in medieval Latin) is a female first name. In Spanish, the name means magpie, derived perhaps from Latin ''furax'', meaning "thievish", in reference to the magpie's tendency to collect ...
, the illegitimate daughter of
Alfonso IX of León
Alfonso IX (15 August 117123 or 24 September 1230) was King of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death.
He took steps towards modernizing and democratizing his dominion and founded the University ...
and his lover,
Inés Íñiguez de Mendoza. With this wife, he had the following children:
*
Diego López III de Haro
Diego López III de Haro (b. ? – d. October 4, 1254, Bañares). Was the eldest son of Lope Díaz II de Haro and of Urraca Alfonso de León, the illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso IX of León. Diego succeeded his father as the Lord of Bisc ...
- succeeded his father as the
Lord of Biscay
The Lordship of Biscay ( es, Señorío de Vizcaya, Basque: ''Bizkaiko jaurerria'') was a region under feudal rule in the region of Biscay in the Iberian Peninsula between 1040 and 1876, ruled by a political figure known as the Lord of Biscay. On ...
.
*
Teresa López de Haro - Married
Nuño Sánchez
Nuño Sánchez ( ca, Nunó, ''Nunyó'', or'' Nunyo Sanç'', french: Nuno Sanche) ( 1185 – 1242) was a nobleman and statesman in the Crown of Aragon.
Nuño was the son of Sancho, Count of Provence, Roussillon, and Cerdagne, and Sancha Núñez ...
, son of
Sancho I de Cerdaña and Sancha Núñez de
Lara
Lara may refer to:
Places
* Lara (state), a state in Venezuela
*Electoral district of Lara, an electoral district in Victoria, Australia
* Lara, Antalya, an urban district in Turkey
* Lara, Victoria, a township in Australia
* Lara de los In ...
. She later married a second time with
Rodrigo González Girón Rodrigo González Girón (before 1194 – 1256), eldest son of Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón and his first wife, Sancha Rodríguez, was a nobleman from Palencia. After the death of his father in 1231, he was the head of the Girón family.
Life
Rodrig ...
, son of
Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón
Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón ( 1160–1231), also known as Gonzalo Ruiz Girón, firstborn son of Rodrigo Gutiérrez Girón and María de Guzmán, was one of Kingdom of Castile, Castile's wealthiest and most powerful nobles. He was based in Tierra de C ...
.
* Álvaro López de Haro - Married Berenguela González de Girón, with whom he had five children. Died after 1236.
*
Mencía López de Haro - First married
Álvaro Pérez de Castro el Castellano, head of the
House of Castro
The House of Castro is an Iberian Nobility, noble lineage present in the since the Middle Ages in the kingdoms of Kingdom of Castile, Castile, Kingdom of Galicia, Galicia, and Kingdom of Portugal, Portugal. Though its exact origins are disputed, t ...
and son of
Pedro Fernández de Castro "el Castellano". She later married a second time with King
Sancho II of Portugal
Sancho II (; 8 September 1209 – 4 January 1248), nicknamed the Cowled or the Capuched ( pt, o Capelo), alternatively, the Pious ( pt, o Piedoso), was King of Portugal from 1223 to 1248. He was succeeded on the Portuguese throne by his br ...
and became
queen consort of
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
. She died without having any children and was buried with Lope at the monastery of
Santa María la Real de Nájera
Santa Claus, also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, or simply Santa, is a Legend, legendary figure originating in Western Christianity, Western Christian culture who is said to Christmas gift-bringer, bring ...
.
*
Berenguela López de Haro - Named after the Queen of Castile, she married before 1254 with
Rodrigo González Girón Rodrigo González Girón (before 1194 – 1256), eldest son of Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón and his first wife, Sancha Rodríguez, was a nobleman from Palencia. After the death of his father in 1231, he was the head of the Girón family.
Life
Rodrig ...
, son of
Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón
Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón ( 1160–1231), also known as Gonzalo Ruiz Girón, firstborn son of Rodrigo Gutiérrez Girón and María de Guzmán, was one of Kingdom of Castile, Castile's wealthiest and most powerful nobles. He was based in Tierra de C ...
, without succession. Her last will and testament was granted on 17 August 1296.
*
Sancho López de Haro - The second son of Lope who went on to found the
House of Ayala which rose to power in the 13th Century.
*
Lope López de Haro ''el Chico'' (b. 1220 – d. ?) -
Señorío de La Guardia of Jaén and
Bailén
Bailén (archaically known as Baylen in English) is a town in the province of Jaén, Spain.
History
Bailén is probably the ancient Baecula, where the Romans, under Scipio the elder, signally defeated the Carthaginians in 209 and 206 B.C. In i ...
. Married
Mayor González de Girón.
*
Alfonso López de Haro - Became
Lord of Cameros through his marriage with his first wife María Álvarez, daughter of
Álvar Díaz de los Cameros and
Mencía Díaz de Haro. Together they founded the
Monasterio de Santa María de Herce in 1246. He later married a second time with Sancha Gil, daughter of
Gil Vasques de Soverosa and
María González Girón
Maria may refer to:
People
* Mary, mother of Jesus
* Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages
Place names Extraterrestrial
*170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877
*Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, da ...
, the latter being the widow of
Guillén Pérez de Guzmán
Guillén Pérez de Guzmán ( ca. 1180–1233), a member of the House of Guzmán, one of the most aristocratic of the Kingdom of Castile, was the maternal grandfather of Queen Beatrice of Castile, Queen Consort of Portugal as the wife of King Al ...
.
*
Manrique López de Haro - Died after 1236.
With Toda de Salcedo de Santa Gadea he had one son:
*
Diego López de Salcedo - Merino Mayor of
Castilla and Adelantado of
Álava
Álava ( in Spanish) or Araba (), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.
Its ca ...
and
Guipúzcoa
Gipuzkoa (, , ; es, Guipúzcoa ; french: Guipuscoa) is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Its capital city is Donostia-San Sebastián. Gipuzkoa shares borders with the French depa ...
, who is present in the documentation of various monasteries and who in 1275 was present in the last will and testament of his half sister, the queen
Mencía López de Haro. He was buried in the same chapel as her and Lope Diaz at the Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Nájera. He married Teresa Álvarez de Lara, illegitimate daughter of Alvar Fernández de Lara.
He had another son with an unknown mother:
*
Lope Díaz de Haro (bishop) -
Bishop of Sigüenza and chaplain at the Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Nájera along with his brother, Diego López de Salcedo.
References
* Most of the information on this page was translated from its Spanish equivalent
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
*
External links
*
Genealogy of Urraca Alfonso de León, wife of Lope Díaz. (in English)
See also
*
Lord of Biscay
The Lordship of Biscay ( es, Señorío de Vizcaya, Basque: ''Bizkaiko jaurerria'') was a region under feudal rule in the region of Biscay in the Iberian Peninsula between 1040 and 1876, ruled by a political figure known as the Lord of Biscay. On ...
*
House of Haro
The House of Haro was one of the most powerful families of Castile during the Middle Ages and strongly supported the expansionist policies of Alfonso VI of Castile. As a reward, Íñigo López was named the first Lord of Biscay.
In the early 16t ...
*
Alfonso VIII of Castile
Alfonso VIII (11 November 11555 October 1214), called the Noble (''El Noble'') or the one of Las Navas (''el de las Navas''), was King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo. After having suffered a great defeat with his own army at ...
*
Ferdinand III of Castile
Ferdinand III ( es, Fernando, link=no; 1199/120130 May 1252), called the Saint (''el Santo''), was King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230 as well as King of Galicia from 1231. He was the son of Alfonso IX of León and Berenguela of ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haro, Lope Diaz II de
1170 births
1236 deaths
Lords of Biscay
Order of Santiago
Lope Diaz II