Localization or localisation may refer to:

Biology

Localization of function Localization or localisation may refer to: Biology * Localization of function, locating psychological functions in the brain or nervous system; see Linguistic intelligence * Localization of sensation, ability to tell what part of the body is aff ...

, locating psychological functions in the brain or nervous system; see

Linguistic intelligence Verbal intelligence is the ability to understand and reason using concepts framed in words. More broadly, it is linked to problem solving, abstract reasoning, and working memory. Verbal intelligence is one of the most ''g''-loaded abilities. Lin ...

Localization of sensation Localization or localisation may refer to: Biology * Localization of function, locating psychological functions in the brain or nervous system; see Linguistic intelligence * Localization of sensation, ability to tell what part of the body is a ...

, ability to tell what part of the body is affected by touch or other sensation; see

Allochiria Allochiria is a neurological disorder in which the patient responds to stimuli presented to one side of their body as if the stimuli had been presented at the opposite side. It is associated with spatial transpositions, usually symmetrical, of s ...

Neurologic localization Neurology (from el, wikt:νεῦρον, νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix wikt:-logia, -logia, "study of") is the branch of specialty (medicine), medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of co ...

, in neurology, the process of deducing the location of injury based on symptoms and

neurological examination A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical hist ...

Nuclear localization signal A nuclear localization signal ''or'' sequence (NLS) is an amino acid sequence that 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus by nuclear transport. Typically, this signal consists of one or more short sequences of positively charged lysines o ...

, an amino acid sequence on the surface of a protein which acts like a 'tag' to localize the protein in the cell *

Sound localization Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance. The sound localization mechanisms of the mammalian auditory system have been extensively studied. The auditory system u ...

, a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound *

Subcellular localization The cells of eukaryotic organisms are elaborately subdivided into functionally-distinct membrane-bound compartments. Some major constituents of eukaryotic cells are: extracellular space, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi ap ...

, organization of cellular components into different regions of a cell

Engineering and technology

GSM localization The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as ...

, determining the location of an active cell phone or wireless transceiver *

Robot localization Robot localization denotes the robot's ability to establish its own position and orientation within the frame of reference. Path planning is effectively an extension of localisation, in that it requires the determination of the robot's current pos ...

, figuring out robot's position in an environment *

Indoor positioning system An indoor positioning system (IPS) is a network of devices used to locate people or objects where GPS and other satellite technologies lack precision or fail entirely, such as inside multistory buildings, airports, alleys, parking garages, and und ...

, a network of devices used to locate objects or people inside a building *

Navigation Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.Bowditch, 2003:799. The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, ...

, determining one's position accurately on the surface of earth *

Radiolocation Radiolocation, also known as radiolocating or radiopositioning, is the process of finding the location of something through the use of radio waves. It generally refers to passive uses, particularly radar—as well as detecting buried cables, w ...

, finding the location of something via radio waves *

Satellite navigation A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning. It allows satellite navigation devices to determine their location (longitude, latitude, and altitude/elevation) to high pr ...

, a positioning and navigation technique aided by satellites

Adaptation to language, etc.

Language localization Language localisation (or language localization) is the process of adapting a product's translation to a specific country or region. It is the second phase of a larger process of product translation and cultural adaptation (for specific countries ...

, translating a product into different languages or adapting a product to a country or region *

Internationalization and localization In computing, internationalization and localization (American) or internationalisation and localisation (British English), often abbreviated i18n and L10n, are means of adapting computer software to different languages, regional peculiarities and ...

, the adaptation of computer software for non-native environments, especially other nations and cultures *

Video game localization Video game localization (American English), or video game localisation (British English; see spelling differences), is the process of preparing a video game for a market outside of where it was originally published. The game's name, art assets, ...

, preparation of video games for other locales *

Dub localization Dubbing (re-recording and mixing) is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production, often in concert with sound design, in which additional or supplementary recordings are lip-synced and "mixed" with original production sou ...

, the adaptation of a movie or television series for another audience

Mathematics

Localization of a category In mathematics, localization of a category consists of adding to a category inverse morphisms for some collection of morphisms, constraining them to become isomorphisms. This is formally similar to the process of localization of a ring; it in genera ...

, adding to a category inverse morphisms for some collection of morphisms, constraining them to become isomorphisms *

Localization of a ring and a module In commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, localization is a formal way to introduce the "denominators" to a given ring or module. That is, it introduces a new ring/module out of an existing ring/module ''R'', so that it consists of fractions ...

, in abstract algebra, a formal way to introduce the "denominators" to a given ring or a module *

Localization of a topological space In mathematics, well-behaved topological spaces can be localized at primes, in a similar way to the localization of a ring at a prime. This construction was described by Dennis Sullivan in 1970 lecture notes that were finally published in . The rea ...

, the localization of topological spaces at primes *

Localization theorem In mathematics, particularly in integral calculus, the localization theorem allows, under certain conditions, to infer the nullity of a function given only information about its continuity and the value of its integral. Let be a real-valued func ...

, theorem to infer the nullity of a function given only information about its continuity and the value of its integral

Physics

Anderson localization In condensed matter physics, Anderson localization (also known as strong localization) is the absence of diffusion of waves in a ''disordered'' medium. This phenomenon is named after the American physicist P. W. Anderson, who was the first to sug ...

, in condensed matter physics, the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium *

Weak localization Weak localization is a physical effect which occurs in disordered electronic systems at very low temperatures. The effect manifests itself as a ''positive'' correction to the resistivity of a metal or semiconductor. The name emphasizes the fact that ...

, a physical effect which occurs in disordered electronic systems at very low temperatures *

Supersymmetric localization Supersymmetric localization is a method to exactly compute correlation functions of supersymmetric operators in certain supersymmetric quantum field theories such as the partition function, supersymmetric Wilson loops, etc. The method can be seen a ...

, a method to compute exact correlation functions of certain supersymmetric operators in supersymmetric quantum field theories

Other uses

Localization Era Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation. While the Indus Valley Civilisation was divided into Early, Mature, and Late Harappan by archaeologists like Mortimer Wheeler, newer periodisations incl ...

(1900-1300 BCE), the fourth and final period of the Indus Valley Tradition * The opposite of

economic globalisation Economic globalization is one of the three main dimensions of globalization commonly found in academic literature, with the two others being political globalization and cultural globalization, as well as the general term of globalization. Econom ...