Lobu Tua Inscription

Lobu Tua Inscription, also called Barus Inscription, is an inscription written in Tamil language which was discovered in 1873 in the village of Lobu Tua, Andam Dewi district of Central Tapanuli Regency, in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This inscription is dated 1010 Saka, or 1088 AD. This inscription was reported in the ''Madras Epigraphy Report'' of 1891-1892 by E. Hultzsch, an English epigraphist in India.

The inscription mentions the existence of a Tamil trade union in the Barus region. The trade union was named "The Five Hundreds of a Thousand Directions" (''Disai-Ayirattu-Ainnurruvar''). According to Prof. Y. Subbarayalu from Tamil University, Thanjavur, this trade union's other name was '' Ayyavole'', which also left a Tamil-language inscription in Aceh. In Barus, they bought various commodities from the local population, and the members were collected excise in the form of gold, which was based on the price of the ''kasturi''. The objects of the excise were the ship, the captain, and ''kevi''.

According to reports, in the 1900s a Buddha statue in the form of a torso made of red granite was also found in the site, which is now gone. The existence of the statue in Barus raises the suspicion that the Tamil community there was permanent or semi-permanent, therefore it has its own place of worship.

Currently 7/8 parts of the inscription are stored in the National Museum of Indonesia and another one eight part is still in Lobu Tua. Beside inscriptions, in Lobu Tua some dry old cylindrical wells were found as well.

Inscription text

The text of Lobu Tua Inscription is as follows:

# ''svasti sri cakarai''
# ''antu ayirattu pa'
# ''ttuc cellani '
# ''ra macit tinkal''
# ''varocana matan''
# ''kari vallavat teci u''
# ''yyak konta pat''
# ''tinattu velapurattu''
# ''kuti niranta te it ticai'
# ''vilanku ticai ayira''
# ''ttainnurruvaro''
# ''m nammakanar nakara senapa''
# ''ti nattucetti''
# ''yarkkum patinenbhumi''
# ''teci apparkku ma e''
# ''tukalukkum na vaittuk''
# ''kututta paricavatu mara a'
# ''la... ... ...''
# ''la marakkala nayunun kevi''
# ''kalum kastu ivilai mualaappa a'
# ''ancu tun aam ponnum ku u'
# ''ttup pavatai erakkatavatakavum''
# ''ippatikku kal eluti natti''
# ''k-kututtom patinenpumi tecit ticai vila''
# ''nkuticai ayirattainnurruvarom a''
# ''ramaraverka aramey tunai''

1-4. Now, in 1010 Saka, the month of Masi

5-11. We, the Fifth Hundreds of a Thousand Directions, known in all countries and directions, have met in Valpuram in Varocu alias ''Matankari-vallava-teci-uyyakkonta-pattinam''

12-17. Decided the following for "our son(s)" ''Nakara-senapati Nattucettiyar, Patinen-bhumi-teci-appar'' and ''mavettu'':

18-22. ach ... ofhis ship, the skipper, and ''kevi'' will pay the ''ancu-tunt-ayam'' tax in the form of gold based on the price of the ''kasturi'' and aterwill walk on a stretch of cloth.

23-26. So, we the Five Hundreds of a Thousand Directions, known in all directions and in all eighteen countries have ordered to carve and stick this stone. Do not forget the kind attitude: the kind attitude itself is a good friend.

See also

* Five Hundred Lords of Ayyavolu
* Tamil inscriptions in the Malay world
* Tamil Indonesians

Footnotes

References

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Tamil inscriptions in Indonesia
11th-century inscriptions
Tamil language