''Aliger gallus'', previously known as ''Strombus gallus'',

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrast ...

the rooster conch or rooster-tail conch, is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

of medium-sized

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

, a

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Strombidae, the true conchs.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Aliger gallus (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419692 on 2020-04-02

Distribution

This species is found from southeast

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

and

Bermuda ) , anthem = "God Save the King" , song_type = National song , song = " Hail to Bermuda" , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , mapsize2 = , map_caption2 = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = , e ...

through the

West Indies The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea that includes 13 independent island countries and 18 dependencies and other territories in three major archipelagos: the Greater A ...

and south to

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

Description

The average shell length of this species is about 12.5 cm.Abbott, R. T.; Dance, S. P. (2000). ''Compendium of Seashells''. Odyssey Publishing, California. p. 76. The maximum recorded shell length is 197 mm.Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". '' PLOS One'' 5(1): e8776. .

Habitat

The minimum recorded depth for this species is 0.3 m.; the maximum recorded depth is 82 m.

Phylogeny

The

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

relationships among the Strombidae have been mainly accessed on two occasions, by Simone (2005) and Latiolais (2006), using two distinct methods. Simone proposed a cladogram (a tree of descent) based on an extensive

morpho The morpho butterflies comprise many species of Neotropical butterfly under the genus ''Morpho''. This genus includes more than 29 accepted species and 147 accepted subspecies, found mostly in South America, Mexico, and Central America. ''Morph ...

anatomical Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having it ...

analysis of representatives of Aporrhaidae, Strombidae,

Xenophoridae Xenophoridae, commonly called carrier shells, is a family of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Xenophor ...

and

Struthiolariidae Struthiolariidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Stromboidea The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large s ...

, which included ''L. gallus'' (there referred to as ''Aliger gallus''). With the exception of ''

Lambis ''Lambis'' is a genus of large sea snails sometimes known as spider conchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Strombidae, the true conch family.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2011)Lambis Röding, 1798 Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...

'' and '' Terebellum'', the remaining taxa were previously allocated within the genus '' Strombus'', including ''L. gallus''. However, according to Simone, only ''

Strombus gracilior ''Strombus gracilior'', common names the Eastern Pacific fighting conch, or the Panama fighting conch, is a species of medium to large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Strombidae, the true conchs.Bouchet, P. (2011). Strombus ...

'', ''

Strombus alatus ''Strombus alatus'', the Florida fighting conch, is a species of medium-sized, warm-water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Strombidae, the true conchs. Distribution This conch occurs in the Western Atlantic Ocean from North ...

'' and ''

Strombus pugilis ''Strombus pugilis'', common names the fighting conch and the West Indian fighting conch, is a species of medium to large sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Strombidae, the true conchs. ''S. pu ...

'', the

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

, remained within ''Strombus'', as they constituted a distinct group based on at least five

synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...

(traits that are shared by two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor). The remaining taxa were previously considered as

subgenera In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

, and were elevated to genus level by Simone in the end of his analysis. The genus ''

Aliger ''Aliger'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Strombidae, the true conchs. ''Aliger'' was previously a synonym of '' Lobatus'' Swainson, 1837 Species Species within the genus ''Aliger'' include: * †''Aliger dom ...

'' (now considered a synonym of ''

Lobatus ''Lobatus'' is a genus of very large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Strombidae, the true conchs. Some of the species within this genus were previously placed in the genus ''Eustrombus''. Species Living and fossil species wi ...

''), in this case, included ''Aliger gallus'' (now considered a synonym of ''Lobatus gallus'') and ''Aliger costatus'' (= ''

Lobatus costatus ''Macrostrombus costatus'', formerly known as ''Strombus costatus'' and ''Lobatus costatus'', or commonly known as the milk conch, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Strombidae, the true conchs. They are an ...

''), which were thus considered closely related. In a different approach, Latiolais and colleagues (2006) proposed another cladogram that attempts to show the

relationships of 34 species within the family Strombidae. The authors analysed 31 species in the genus '' Strombus ''including''Lobatus gallus'' (there referred to as ''Strombus gallus''), and three species in the allied genus ''

''. The cladogram was based on DNA sequences of both nuclear

histone H3 Histone H3 is one of the five main histones involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N-terminal tail, H3 is involved with the structure of the nucleosomes of the 'beads on a stri ...

and mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) protein-coding

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...

regions. In this proposed phylogeny, ''Strombus gigas'' (= ''

Lobatus gigas ''Aliger gigas,'' originally known as ''Strombus gigas'' or more recently as ''Lobatus gigas'', common name, commonly known as the queen conch, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family (biology), family of true c ...

'') and ''Strombus gallus'' are closely related and appear to share a common ancestor.Latiolais J. M., Taylor M. S., Roy K. & Hellberg M. E. (2006). "A molecular phylogenetic analysis of strombid gastropod morphological diversity". '' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 41: 436–444.
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References

External links

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q3500525 Strombidae Gastropods described in 1758 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus