Lomanthang ( ne, लोमान्थाङ) is a rural municipality in Mustang district in Gandaki Province of western

Nepal Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...

. It is located at the northern end of the district, bordering the

Tibet Autonomous Region The Tibet Autonomous Region or Xizang Autonomous Region, often shortened to Tibet or Xizang, is a Provinces of China, province-level Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China in Southwest China. I ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

to the north and Dalome rural municipality of

Mustang The mustang is a free-roaming horse of the Western United States, descended from horses brought to the Americas by the Spanish. Mustangs are often referred to as wild horses, but because they are descended from once-domesticated animals, they ...

in the south. ''Lo'' is the northern two-thirds of Mustang district,

culturally Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tyl ...

and

linguistically Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...

influenced by Tibet, while the southern third is called ''Thak'', the homeland of

Thakali people The Thakali are an ethnolinguistic group originating from the Thak Khola region of Mustang District in the Dhaulagiri zone of Nepal. Thak-sat-se is the traditional area of the Thakali community, which lies over Mustang District, the valley of ...

who speak a different language and have a synthesis of Tibetan and Nepalese culture. Recently a series of at least twelve caves were discovered north of Annapurna and near the village, decorated with ancient

Buddhist Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

paintings and set in sheer cliffs at an elevation of . The paintings show Newari influence, dating to approximately the 13th century, and also contain

Tibetan script The Tibetan script is a segmental writing system (''abugida'') of Brahmic scripts, Indic origin used to write certain Tibetic languages, including Lhasa Tibetan, Tibetan, Dzongkha, Sikkimese language, Sikkimese, Ladakhi language, Ladakhi, Jire ...

s executed in ink, silver and gold and pre-Christian era pottery shards. Explorers found

stupa A stupa ( sa, स्तूप, lit=heap, ) is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (such as ''śarīra'' – typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation. In Buddhism, circumamb ...

s, decorative art and paintings depicting various forms of the

Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha, was a śramaṇa, wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. According to Buddhist tradition, he was ...

, often with disciples, supplicants and attendants, with some mural paintings showing sub-tropical themes containing palm trees, billowing Indian textiles and birds.

History

Lo Manthang was the walled capital of the ''Kingdom of Lo'' from its founding in 1380 by ''Ame Pal'' who oversaw construction of the city wall and many of the still-standing structures. After the Shahs of Gorkha forged Nepal out of numerous petty kingdoms in the 18th century, Lo became a dependency but kept its hereditary rulers. This arrangement continued as long as Nepal remained a

kingdom Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

, until the country was declared a

republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

in 2008 and

Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista (Tibetan: འཇིག་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དཔལ་འབར།, Nepali: जिग्मे दोर्जे पलवर विष्ट; 1930– 16 December 2016) was the unofficial King of Mus ...

(c.1933–2016) was stripped of his title. His protector King Gyanendra suffered the same fate, however the ''raja'' or ''gyelpo'' of Mustang was 25th in a direct line of rulers dating back to 1380 AD. Gyanendra was only the eleventh Shah ruler since

Prithvi Narayan Shah Maharajadhiraj Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723–1775) ( ne, श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह देव) was the last ruler of the Gorkha Kingdom and first monarch of the ...

conquered Kathmandu in 1768. More prosaically, Lo Manthang became a village development committee in Mustang district of Dhawalagiri zone. The

1991 census A nationwide census, commonly known as Census 1991, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 21 April 1991. This was the 19th UK census. ''Census 1991'' was organised by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys in England and Wales, th ...

counted 876 people living in 178 households in the VDC. The population includes ethnic Lhobas.Gopal Sharma
Explorers find ancient caves and paintings in Nepal
Reuters, May 3, 2007, ''Accessed October 28, 2012''

Administration

The total area of the Lo Manthang rural municipality is and the total population according to the 2011 census is 1899. The rural municipality is divided into 5 wards. Previously Lomanthang was a village development committee which was upgraded into a rural municipality merging adjoining VDCs of

Chhoser Chhoser (also known as ''Garphu'') is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census The 1991 Nepal census was a widespread national census conducted by the ...

and

Chhonhup Chhonhup is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census The 1991 Nepal census was a widespread national census conducted by the Nepal Central Bureau of Sta ...

. The rural municipality came into existence on 10 March 2017, fulfilling the requirement of the new Constitution of Nepal 2015 when the Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration replaced all old VDCs and municipalities into 753 new local level bodies.

Transport

Lo Manthang is by unpaved road from a border crossing into

Zhongba County Drongpa County or Zhongba County (; ) is a county of Shigatse Prefecture in China's Tibet Autonomous Region. Located in the western part of Central Tibet (sometimes referred to as "western Tibet"), it is the birthplace of the Tsangpo River (Brah ...

of Shigatse Prefecture,

TAR Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation. Tar can be produced from coal, wood, petroleum, or peat. "a dark brown or black bit ...

. This road continues about from the border to China National Highway 219, which follows the valley of the

Yarlung Tsangpo River The Yarlung Tsangpo, also called Yarlung Zangbo () is the upper stream of the Brahmaputra River located in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It is the longest river of Tibet and the fifth longest in China. The upper section is also called Da ...

. The Government of Nepal has built a road north along the Kali Gandaki River, to within of Lo Manthang. There are also scheduled flights from

Kathmandu , pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal#Asia , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Province , subdivision_name1 = Bagmati Prov ...

and

Pokhara Pokhara ( ne, पोखरा, ) is a metropolis, metropolitan city in Nepal, which serves as the capital of Gandaki Province. It is the List of cities in Nepal, second most populous city of Nepal after Kathmandu, with 518,452 inhabitants living ...

Jomsom Airport Jomsom Airport is a domestic airport located in Jomsom serving Mustang District, a district in Gandaki Province in Nepal. It serves as the gateway to Mustang District that includes Jomsom, Kagbeni, Tangbe, and Lo Manthang, and Muktinath te ...

, located south of Lo Manthang.

Tourism and access

The village is noted for its tall whitewashed mud-brick walls, '' gompas'' and the ''Raja's'' or Royal or King's Palace, a nine-cornered, five-story structure built around 1400. There are four major temples: Jampa Lhakhang or Jampa Gompa, the oldest, built in the early 15th century and also known as the "God house"; Thubchen Gompa, a huge, red assembly hall and gompa built in the late 15th century and located just southwest of Jampa Gompa; Chodey Gompa, now the main city gompa; and the Choprang Gompa, which is popularly known as the "New Gompa". Even though foreign visitors have been allowed in the kingdom since 1992, tourism to Upper Mustang remains limited, with just over 2000 foreign tourists in 2008. The Nepalese Department of Immigration requires foreign visitors to obtain a special permit, which costs $50 per day per person, and liaison (guide) to protect local tradition from outside influence as well as to protect their environment.

2015 Earthquake

The April 2015 Nepal earthquake caused multiple cracks in the 600-year-old Lo Manthang Royal Palace.Local people have reconstructed Lomanthang Palace on their own
nepalnow.org, 31 October 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2018.

Gallery

File:Lo Manthang Royal Palace.JPG, The Royal Palace in Lo Manthang File:Lomanthang.jpg, Lo Manthang File:Lo Manthang.jpg, The settlement of Lo Manthang File:Photos of Mustang, Nepal Tourism Center 02.jpg, Nepal Tourism Center, Upper Mustang Mustang-Lo Manthang-42-Jampa Lhakhang-gje.jpg, Jampa Lhakhang Mustang-Lo Manthang-Laden-02-2015-gje.jpg, Shop Mustang-Lo Manthang-Choerten-12-LKW-Wrack-2015-gje.jpg, Choerten Mustang-Lo Manthang-Lotus Holiday Inn-12-Gaeste bei Totenfeier-2015-gje.jpg, Lotus Holiday Inn

References

Bibliography

*Maïe Kitamura, ''La cité fortifiée de Lo Manthang, Mustang, Nord du Népal''. Paris, Éditions Recherches, 2011. 214 plans & drawings, photography.

External links

*
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District
on Nova (American TV program), Nova (series)
Lo-manthang Photo Gallery
{{Authority control Rural municipalities in Mustang District Populated places in Mustang District China–Nepal border crossings Hill stations in Nepal Rural municipalities of Nepal established in 2017