''Livonia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of medium-sized

Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...

predatory Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill th ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the family

Volutidae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are marine gastropod mollusks. Most of the species have no operculum. Distribution This family of sea snails ...

, the volutes. The genus belongs to the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

Livoniini, which is usually placed in the subfamily

Cymbiinae ''Volutidae'', common name volutes, are a taxonomic family of predatory sea snails that range in size from 9 mm to over 500 mm. They are marine gastropod mollusks. Most of the species have no operculum. Distribution This family of sea snails a ...

(but sometimes in the

Fulgorariinae The subfamily Fulgorariinae contains sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Volutidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Fulgorariinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.ma ...

instead).

Species

Species within the genus ''Livonia'' include: *'' Livonia joerinkensi'' (Poppe, 1987) *'' Livonia limpusi'' Bail, 1999 *''

Livonia mammilla ''Livonia mammilla'', common name false melon or false baler, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk of the genus Livonia (genus), Livonia in the family (biology), family Volutidae, the volutes. Distribution This marine species o ...

'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1844) * '' Livonia mervcooperi'' Bail & Limpus, 2010 *'' Livonia nodiplicata'' (Cox, 1910) *'' Livonia roadnightae'' (McCoy, 1881) ;Synonyms: * ''Livonia quisqualis'' Iredale, 1957: synonym of ''Livonia roadnightae'' (McCoy, 1881)

References

* Bail, P.; Poppe, G.T. (2001). A conchological iconography: a taxonomic introduction of the recent Volutidae. ConchBooks, Hackenheim. 30 pp, 5 pl.

External links

Iredale, T. (1934). Two new generic names for South Australian marine Mollusca. The South Australian Naturalist. 15(2): 57-58
Volutidae {{Volutidae-stub