''Lithophyllum'' is a genus of thalloid

red algae Red algae, or Rhodophyta (, ; ), are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The Rhodophyta also comprises one of the largest phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 currently recognized species with taxonomic revisions ongoing. The majority ...

belonging to the family

Corallinaceae The Corallinaceae are one of the two extant Coralline families of red algae; they are differentiated from the morphologically similar Sporolithaceae by their formation of grouped sporangial chambers, clustered into sori. The Corallinoideae ...

Fossil record

This genus is known in the fossil record from the

Silurian The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozo ...

to the

Quaternary The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.58 million years ...

(from about 418.7 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found in Europe, United States, South America, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, India, Japan and Australia.

Description

The monomerous, crustose thalli are composed of a single system of filaments which grow close to the underlying surface. ''Lithophyllum'' reproduces by means of

conceptacle Conceptacles are specialized cavities of marine and freshwater algae that contain the reproductive organs. They are situated in the receptacle and open by a small ostiole.Boney, A.D. (1969). ''A Biology of Marine Algae''. Hutchinson Educational L ...

s. The

epithallus The epithallium or epithallus is the outer layer of a crustose coralline alga, which in some species is periodically shed to prevent organisms from attaching to and overgrowing the alga. Structure It is defined as the cells above the wikt:intercala ...

is periodically shed to avoid organisms growing on top of the alga.Description of ''Lithophyllum'' at AlgaeBase
/ref>

Species

The valid species currently considered to belong to this genus are:WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species
/ref> *'' Lithophyllum acanthinum'' Foslie, 1907 *'' Lithophyllum accedens'' Foslie, 1907 *'' Lithophyllum acrocamptum'' Heydrich, 1902 *'' Lithophyllum aequum'' Foslie, 1907 *'' Lithophyllum albanense'' Lemoine, 1924 *'' Lithophyllum almanense'' Lemoine, 1920 *''

Lithophyllum alternans ''Lithophyllum'' is a genus of thalloid red algae belonging to the family Corallinaceae. Fossil record This genus is known in the fossil record from the Silurian to the Quaternary (from about 418.7 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of speci ...

'' M. Lemoine, 1929 *'' Lithophyllum amplostratum'' W.R. Taylor, 1945 *'' Lithophyllum aninae'' Foslie, 1907 *'' Lithophyllum antillarum'' Foslie & Howe, 1906 *'' Lithophyllum atalayense'' Lemoine, 1920 *'' Lithophyllum azorum'' M. Lemoine *'' Lithophyllum bahrijense'' Bosence, 1983 *'' Lithophyllum balmeri'' (Heydrich) Heydrich *'' Lithophyllum bamleri'' (Heydrich) Heydrich, 1897 *'' Lithophyllum belgicum'' Foslie, 1909 *'' Lithophyllum bipartitum'' M. Lemoine *'' Lithophyllum brachiatum'' (Heydrich) M. Lemoine, 1929 *'' Lithophyllum byssoides'' (Lamarck) Foslie, 1900 *''

Lithophyllum californiense ''Lithophyllum'' is a genus of thalloid red algae belonging to the family Corallinaceae. Fossil record This genus is known in the fossil record from the Silurian to the Quaternary (from about 418.7 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of speci ...

'' Heydrich, 1901 *''

Lithophyllum canescens ''Lithophyllum'' is a genus of thalloid red algae belonging to the family Corallinaceae. Fossil record This genus is known in the fossil record from the Silurian to the Quaternary (from about 418.7 to 0.0 million years ago). Fossils of speci ...

'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1905 *'' Lithophyllum carpophylli'' (Heydrich) Heydrich, 1897 *'' Lithophyllum chamberlainianum'' Woelkerling & S.J. Campbell, 1992 *'' Lithophyllum complexum'' M. Lemoine, 1929 *'' Lithophyllum congestum'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1900 *'' Lithophyllum corallinae'' (P.L. Crouan & H.M. Crouan) Heydrich, 1897 *'' Lithophyllum crodelioides'' Boudouresque *'' Lithophyllum cuneatum'' Keats, 1995 *'' Lithophyllum cystoseirae'' (Hauck) Heydrich, 1897 *'' Lithophyllum decussatum'' (J. Ellis & Solander) Philippi, 1837 *'' Lithophyllum dentatum'' (Kützing), Foslie 1900 *'' Lithophyllum detrusum'' Foslie, 1906 *'' Lithophyllum dispar'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1909 *'' Lithophyllum divaricatum'' M. Lemoine, 1929 *'' Lithophyllum dublancqui'' Lemoine, 1918 *'' Lithophyllum duckerae'' Woelkerling, 1983 *'' Lithophyllum elegans'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1900 *'' Lithophyllum esperi'' (M. Lemoine) South & Tittley *'' Lithophyllum falkandicum'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1906 *'' Lithophyllum fasciculatum'' (Lamarck) Foslie, 1900 *'' Lithophyllum fernandezianum'' Lemoine, 1920 *'' Lithophyllum fetum'' Foslie, 1907 *'' Lithophyllum flavescens'' Keats, 1997 *'' Lithophyllum giraudii'' Lemoine, 1918 *'' Lithophyllum gracile'' Foslie *'' Lithophyllum grumosum'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1898 *'' Lithophyllum hancockii'' E.Y. Dawson, 1944 *'' Lithophyllum hermaphroditum'' (Heydrich) W.J. Woelkerling, 1991 *'' Lithophyllum hibernicum'' Foslie, 1906 *'' Lithophyllum imitans'' Foslie, 1909 *'' Lithophyllum impressum'' Foslie, 1905 *'' Lithophyllum incrustans'' Philippi, 1837 *'' Lithophyllum insipidum'' Adey, Townsend & Boykins, 1982 *'' Lithophyllum intermedium'' Foslie, 1906 *'' Lithophyllum irregulare'' (Foslie) Huvé ex Steentoft *'' Lithophyllum irvineanum'' Woelkerling & S.J. Campbell, 1992 *'' Lithophyllum johansenii'' Woelkerling & Campbell, 1992 *'' Lithophyllum kotschyanum'' Unger, 1858 *'' Lithophyllum lapidea'' Foslie, 1906 *'' Lithophyllum leptothalloideum'' Pilger *'' Lithophyllum lithophylloides'' Heydrich, 1901 *'' Lithophyllum lividum'' Lemoine, 1930 *'' Lithophyllum margaritae'' (Hariot) Heydrich, 1901 *'' Lithophyllum mgarrense'' Bosence, 1983 *'' Lithophyllum mutabile'' M. Lemonie, 1929 *'' Lithophyllum neoatalayense'' Masaki, 1968 *'' Lithophyllum nitorum'' W.H. Adey & P.J. Adey, 1973 *'' Lithophyllum okamurae'' Foslie, 1900 *'' Lithophyllum orbiculatum'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1900 *'' Lithophyllum pallescens'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1900 *'' Lithophyllum papillosum'' Zanardini ex Hauck, 1885 *'' Lithophyllum paradoxum'' Foslie, 1908 *'' Lithophyllum pinguiense'' Heydrich, 1901 *'' Lithophyllum polycarpum'' Zanardini *'' Lithophyllum polycephalum'' Foslie *'' Lithophyllum polyclonum'' Foslie, 1905 *'' Lithophyllum prelichenoides'' M. Lemoine, 1939 *'' Lithophyllum premoluccense'' Lemoine, 1918 *'' Lithophyllum preprototypum'' Me. Lemoine, 1917 *'' Lithophyllum proboscideum'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1900 *'' Lithophyllum prototypum'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1905 *'' Lithophyllum punctatum'' Foslie, 1906 *'' Lithophyllum pustulatum'' (J.V. Lamouroux) Foslie, 1904 *'' Lithophyllum pygmaeum'' (Heydrich) Heydrich, 1897 *'' Lithophyllum racemus'' (Lamarck) Foslie, 1901 *'' Lithophyllum reesei'' E.Y. Dawson, 1960 *'' Lithophyllum retusum'' (Foslie) Foslie *'' Lithophyllum rileyi'' M. Lemoine, 1929 *'' Lithophyllum rugosum'' (Foslie) Lemoine, 1913 *'' Lithophyllum sancti-georgei'' M. Lemoine, 1929 *'' Lithophyllum shioense'' Foslie, 1906 *'' Lithophyllum sierra-blancae'' Howe, 1934 *'' Lithophyllum simile'' Foslie, 1909 *'' Lithophyllum skottsbergii'' Lemoine, 1920 *'' Lithophyllum stephensonii'' (M. Lemoine) *'' Lithophyllum stictaeforme'' (J.E. Areschoug) Hauck, 1878 *'' Lithophyllum subantarcticum'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1907 *'' Lithophyllum subreduncum'' Foslie *'' Lithophyllum subtenellum'' (Foslie) Foslie, 1909 *'' Lithophyllum tarentinum'' Mastrorilli *'' Lithophyllum tedeschii'' P. Fravega, M. Piazza & G. Vannucci, 1993 *'' Lithophyllum tortuosum'' (Esper) Foslie, 1900 *'' Lithophyllum trinidadense'' Lemoine, 1917 *'' Lithophyllum tuberculatum'' Foslie, 1906 *'' Lithophyllum tumidulum' ' Foslie, 1901 *'' Lithophyllum uvaria'' M. Lemoine, 1924 *'' Lithophyllum veleroae'' E.Y. Dawson, 1944 *'' Lithophyllum yessoense'' Foslie, 1909

Bibliography

* Philippi, R.A. (1837). Beweis, dass die Nulliporen Pflanzen sind. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 3: 387-393, figs 2-6, pl. IX. * Foslie, M. (1900). Revised systematical survey of the Melobesieae. Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1900(5): 1-22. * Woelkerling, W.J. (1998). Lamarck's nullipores. In: Non-geniculate Coralline Red Algae and the Paris Muséum: Systematics and Scientific History. (Woelkerling, W.J. & Lamy, D. Eds), pp. 101–404. Paris: Publications Scientifiques du Muséum/A.D.A.C.

References

External links

Images
of ''Lithophyllum'' at Algaebase
Genus Lithophyllum
a
The Taxonomicon
{{Taxonbar, from=Q133725 Corallinaceae Red algae genera