These are lists of political office-holders in

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...

Overview

The ancient counties (''maakond'') and parishes (''kihelkond'') were headed by ''Seniores'' and ''Meliores'' (Elders) as noted by

Henry of Livonia Henry of Latvia ( la, Henricus de Lettis, german: Heinrich von Lettland, lv, Latviešu Indriķis, et, Läti Henrik; 1187 – after 1259), also known in the English-speaking world as Henry of Livonia, was a priest, missionary and historian. ...

. The administrative jurisdiction of the parish and county elders was limited, the counties themselves remained autonomous until the Teutonic and Danish conquest of Estonia in the 13th century. Ending with the states and the rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful

Danish Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish a ...

conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of

sovereignty Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the perso ...

over some parts of the territory of present-day

, as well as the leaders of the independent Republic of Estonia since 1918.

Ancient counties

Alempois

Title: Elder (-1224)

Harju

Title: Elder (-1224)

Järva

Title: Elder (-1224)

Jogentagana

Title: Elder (-1224)

Läänemaa

Title: Elder (-1224)

Mõhu

Title: Elder (-1224)

Nurmekund Nurmekund (Low German: ''Nurmegunde'') was a small independent country (ancient Estonian county) on the north coast of Lake Võrtsjärv in Central Estonia, bordered by Sakala, Alempois, Järvamaa, Mõhu, and Ugandi. Nurmekund had an area of ap ...

Title: Elder (-1224)

Revala Revala (also ''Rävälä'', la, Revalia, by Henry of Livonia ''Revele'', by Danish Census Book ''Revælæ'') was an Ancient Estonian county. It was located in northern Estonia, by the Gulf of Finland and corresponded roughly to the present terr ...

Title: Elder (-1224)

Saaremaa Saaremaa is the largest island in Estonia, measuring . The main island of Saare County, it is located in the Baltic Sea, south of Hiiumaa island and west of Muhu island, and belongs to the West Estonian Archipelago. The capital of the isla ...

Title: Elder – It is probable that these men, whose names appear on a treaty with the Order of the Brethren of the Sword in 1251, were the chiefs of administrative units on Saaremaa, Muhu, and Sõrve. Their "signatures" were, in all likelihood, phonetically "Latinized" by the authors of the document. * Ylle * Culle *

Enu ENU, also known as ''N''-ethyl-''N''-nitrosourea (chemical formula C3H7N3O2), is a highly potent mutagen. For a given gene in mice, ENU can induce 1 new mutation in every 700 loci. It is also toxic at high doses. The chemical is an alkylatin ...

* Muntelene * Tappete * Yalde *

Melete In Greek mythology, Melete (Μελέτη) was one of the three original Boeotian muses before the Nine Olympian Muses were founded. Her sisters were Aoede and Mneme. She was the muse of thought and meditation. Melete literally means "ponder ...

* Cake

Sakala

Title: Elder (-1223) * before 1211–21 September 1217

Lembitu Lembitu (Estonian also: Lembit, died 21 September 1217) was an ancient Estonian senior (elder) from Sakala County and military leader in the struggle against conquest of the Estonian lands by the German Livonian Brothers of the Sword at the ...

* 21 September 1217 – ? Unnepeve * Meeme

Ugandi Ugandi (Latin: ''Ungannia'' or ''Ugaunia''; lv, Ugaunija; Low German: ''Uggn'') was an independent county between the east coast of Lake Võrtsjärv and west coast of Lake Pskov, bordered by Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Sakala, Tālava, and The ...

Title: Elder (-1224)

Vaiga Vaiga was a small landlocked ancient Estonian county in the eastern part of the territory of Estonia. It territory now belongs to the eastern part of Jõgeva County. See also *Livonian Crusade The Livonian crusade refers to the various mil ...

Title: Elder (-1224)

Virumaa Virumaa ( la, Vironia; Low German: ''Wierland''; Old Norse: ''Virland'') is a former independent county in Ancient Estonia. Now it is divided into Ida-Viru County or Eastern Vironia and Lääne-Viru County or Western Vironia. Vironians built ...

Title: Elder (-1224) * Kyriavanus * Tabelinus

Danish dukes of Estonia

Masters and bishops of the Livonian Order

Masters of the Livonian Order

Bishops of Riga

Bishops of Leal

Bishops of Dorpat

Prince-Bishops of Ösel-Wiek

Swedish dukes of Estonia

Imperial Russian governorates of Reval and Estonia (1721–1917)

The Reval Governorate and the

Governorate of Estonia The Governorate of Estonia, also known as the Governorate of Esthonia (Pre-reformed rus, Эстля́ндская губе́рнія, r=Estlyandskaya guberniya); et, Eestimaa kubermang was a governorate in the Baltic region, along with the ...

were part of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

(1721–1917).

Tsars and Emperors of Russia (1721–1917)

Governors of Reval (1721–1796)

Governors of Estonia (1796–1917)

World War I temporary governments

Russian Provisional Government, 1917

Title: Chairman (1917) * Georgy Evgenyevich Lvov (15 March (2 March) – 21 July (8 July) 1917) Title:

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...

(1917) *

Alexander Kerensky Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky, ; original spelling: ( – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who led the Russian Provisional Government and the short-lived Russian Republic for three months from late July to early Nove ...

(21 July (8 July) – 7 November (25 October) 1917)

Soviet Executive Committee of Estonia 1917

(

independent Independent or Independents may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups * Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s * Independ ...

de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with ''de jure'' ("by la ...

'') Title: Chairman of the Soviet Executive Committee of Estonia (''Eestimaa Nõukogude Täitevkomitee esimees'') (1917–18) *

Jaan Anvelt Jaan Anvelt (also known by the pseudonyms Eessaare Aadu, Jaan Holm, Jaan Hulmu, Kaarel Maatamees, Onkel Kaak; in Russian or ; 18 April 1884 – 11 December 1937), was an Estonian Bolshevik revolutionary and writer. He served the Russian SFS ...

(5 November (23 October) 1917 – 4 March 1918) (

de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally ...

'') Title: Gouvernement Commissioner (''Kubermangukomissar'') (1917–18) *

Jaan Poska Jaan Poska VR III/1 (; , Laiusevälja, Kreis Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia – 7 March 1920, Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian barrister and politician. Early life Poska was born the fifth of 12 children of a Russian Orthodox parish school ...

(28 November (15 November) 1917 – 24 February 1918)

Republic of Estonia

State Elders of Estonia (1920–1937/8)

Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (1990–1992)

Title: Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (in the body of Soviet Union) (1990–91) *

Arnold Rüütel Arnold Rüütel OIH () (born 10 May 1928) is an Estonian politician and agricultural scientist. He has served as the last chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR from 8 April 1983 to 29 March 1990, Chairman of the Su ...

(8 May 1990 – 20 August 1991) Title: Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (''Eesti Vabariigi Ülemnõukogu esimees'') (1991–92) *

(20 August 1991 – 6 October 1992)

President of the Republic (1938–1940; 1992–present)

Prime Ministers of Estonia (1918–1944; 1990–present)

Acting Prime Ministers in exile (1953–1992)

United Baltic Duchy

Title: Regent Councillor (1918) *

Adolf Pilar von Pilchau Adolf "Ulf" Konstantin Jakob Freiherr Pilar von Pilchau (23 May 1851 – 17 June 1925) was a Baltic German politician, regent of the United Baltic Duchy (1918). Pilar von Pilchau became the owner of the Audru, Audern Manorialism, manor, his bir ...

(9–19 November 1918)

Commune of the Working People of Estonia

Title: Chairman of the Council of The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (''Eesti Töörahva Komuuna Nõukogu esimees'') (1918–19) *

(29 November 1918 – 5 June 1919)

Estonia during the Soviet occupation

Title: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Estonian SSR (''Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi esimees'') (1940–88) * Johannes Vares-Barbarus (21 July 1940 – 29 November 1946) *

Nigol Andresen Nigol Andresen (pen name, Ormi Arp; 2 October 1899 Haljala Parish, Wierland County – 24 February 1985 Tartu) was an Estonian and Soviet Union, Soviet politician, writer, literary critic, and translator. He was a member of V Riigikogu. In 1940 ...

(1946–47) * Eduard Päll (1947–50) *

August Jakobson August Jakobson (2 September 1904 – 23 May 1963) was an Estonian writer and politician. He was one of the few Estonian playwright among his contemporaries whose plays were untouched by Soviet censorship and reached other Soviet states. He h ...

(1950–58) * Johan Eichfeld (1958–61) *

Aleksei Müürisepp Aleksei Müürisepp (17 July 1902, Välta, Kreis Ösel, Governorate of Livonia – 7 October 1970, Tartu) was a Soviet Estonia The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, rus ...

(1961 – 7 October 1970) * Aleksander Ansberg (1970) *

Artur Vader Artur Vader (16 February 1920 – 25 May 1978) was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1970 – 1978. He was born in Gorbovo, Liozna District, Vitebsk Region, Byelorussian SSR. He w ...

(22 December 1970 – 25 May 1978) *

Meta Vannas Meta Vannas (born Meta Jürgenson, 1949–1975 Meta Jangolenko; 9 January 1924 – 25 November 2002

(acting chairman; 1978) *

Johannes Käbin Johannes Käbin (), also known by his Russified name Ivan Gustavovich Kebin (; 24 September 1905, Kalvi, Kreis Wierland, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – 26 October 1999, Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian Soviet politician who led t ...

(1978–83) *

(8 April 1983 – 8 May 1990) Title: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (1990–1992) *

(8 May 1990 – 6 October 1992)

Soviet Union

Title: Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1940–91) *

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretar ...

(1940–53) *

Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev s ...

(1953–64) *

Leonid Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev; uk, links= no, Леонід Ілліч Брежнєв, . (19 December 1906– 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union between 1964 and ...

(1964–82) *

Yuri Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (– 9 February 1984) was the sixth paramount leader of the Soviet Union and the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. After Leonid Brezhnev's 18-year rule, Andropov served in the p ...

(1982–84) *

Konstantin Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko uk, Костянтин Устинович Черненко, translit=Kostiantyn Ustynovych Chernenko (24 September 1911 – 10 March 1985) was a Soviet politician and the seventh General Secretary of the Commu ...

(1984–85) * Mikhail Gorbachev (1985–91)

Reichskommissariat Ostland

Title: ''Führer und Reichskanzler'' (1941–44) *

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...

(7 July 1941 – 24 November 1944) Title: ''Generalkomissar für Estland'' (1941–44) *

Karl-Siegmund Litzmann Karl-Siegmund Litzmann (1 August 1893, in Minden, Province of Westphalia, Westphalia – August 1945, in Kappeln, Schleswig-Holstein) was the Nazi Germany, German General Commissioner for Generalbezirk Estland (Estonia) in the Reichskommissariat ...

(5 December 1941 – 18 September 1944) Title: ''Eesti Omavalitsuse juht'' (1941–45) * Hjalmar Mäe (15 September 1941 – 4 January 1945)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Estonia, political office-holders in Estonia history-related lists Political office-holders

Lists of Estonian people