This is a list of cases reported in volume 17 (4 Wheat.) of ''
United States Reports
The ''United States Reports'' () are the official record ( law reports) of the Supreme Court of the United States. They include rulings, orders, case tables (list of every case decided), in alphabetical order both by the name of the petitioner ...
'', decided by the
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
in 1819.
Nominative reports
In 1874, the U.S. government created the ''United States Reports'', and retroactively numbered older privately-published
case reports In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence ...
as part of the new series. As a result, cases appearing in volumes 1–90 of ''U.S. Reports'' have dual
citation forms; one for the volume number of ''U.S. Reports'', and one for the volume number of the reports named for the relevant reporter of decisions (these are called "
nominative reports Nominate reports, also known as nominative reports, named reports and private reports, is a legal term from common law, common-law jurisdictions referring to the various published collections of reports of English law, English cases in various court ...
").
Henry Wheaton
Starting with the 14th volume of ''U.S. Reports'', the
was
Henry Wheaton
Henry Wheaton (November 27, 1785 – March 11, 1848) was a United States lawyer, jurist and diplomat. He was the third Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, reporter of decisions for the United States Supreme Court, the ...
. Wheaton was Reporter of Decisions from 1816 to 1827, covering volumes 14 through 25 of ''United States Reports'' which correspond to volumes 1 through 12 of his ''Wheaton's Reports''. As such, the dual form of citation to, for example, ''McCulloch v. Maryland'' i
17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819)
Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.)
The Supreme Court is established by
Article III, Section 1 of the
Constitution of the United States
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the natio ...
, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to
Congress
A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...
to set the number of justices. Under the
Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).
Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to
seven
7 is a number, numeral, and glyph.
7 or seven may also refer to:
* AD 7, the seventh year of the AD era
* 7 BC, the seventh year before the AD era
* The month of
July
Music Artists
* Seven (Swiss singer) (born 1978), a Swiss recording artist ...
,
nine
9 is a number, numeral, and glyph.
9 or nine may also refer to:
Dates
* AD 9, the ninth year of the AD era
* 9 BC, the ninth year before the AD era
* 9, numerical symbol for the month of September
Places
* Nine, Portugal, a parish in the ...
,
ten, and back to
nine
9 is a number, numeral, and glyph.
9 or nine may also refer to:
Dates
* AD 9, the ninth year of the AD era
* 9 BC, the ninth year before the AD era
* 9, numerical symbol for the month of September
Places
* Nine, Portugal, a parish in the ...
justices (always including one chief justice).
When the cases in 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) were decided, the Court comprised these seven justices:
Notable Cases in 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.)
''McCulloch v. Maryland''
''
McCulloch v. Maryland''
17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819) is a landmark
U.S. Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
decision that defined the scope of the
U.S. Congress's legislative power and how it relates to the powers of
American state legislatures. The dispute in ''McCulloch'' involved the legality of the national bank and a tax that the state of
Maryland
Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...
imposed on it. In its ruling, the Supreme Court established that the
"Necessary and Proper" Clause of the
U.S. Constitution
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the nation ...
gives the
U.S. federal government
The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, a city within a fed ...
certain implied powers that are not explicitly enumerated in the Constitution, and that the American federal government is
supreme over the states, and so states' ability to interfere with the federal government is limited.
''Sturges v. Crowninshield''
''
Sturges v. Crowninshield
''Sturges v. Crowninshield'', 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 122 (1819), dealt with the constitutionality of New York creating bankruptcy laws and retroactively applying those laws..
First issue
This case decided whether state bankruptcy laws violated the pr ...
''
17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 122 (1819) dealt with the
constitutionality
Constitutionality is said to be the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution; "Webster On Line" the status of a law, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the laws or set forth in the applicable constitution. When l ...
of
New York having passed
bankruptcy laws and retroactively applying them.
''Dartmouth College v. Woodward''
''
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
''Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward'', 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 518 (1819), was a List of landmark court decisions in the United States, landmark decision in United States corporate law from the Supreme Court of the United States, United States ...
''
17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 518 (1819) is a
landmark decision in
United States corporate law
United States corporate law regulates the governance, finance and power of corporations in US law. Every state and territory has its own basic corporate code, while federal law creates minimum standards for trade in company shares and governanc ...
from the
United States Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
dealing with the application of the
Contracts Clause of the
United States Constitution
The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven ar ...
to
private corporation
A privately held company (or simply a private company) is a company whose shares and related rights or obligations are not offered for public subscription or publicly negotiated in the respective listed markets, but rather the company's stock is ...
s. The case arose when the president of
Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College (; ) is a private research university in Hanover, New Hampshire. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, it is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded to educate Native A ...
was deposed by its
trustees
Trustee (or the holding of a trusteeship) is a legal term which, in its broadest sense, is a synonym for anyone in a position of trust and so can refer to any individual who holds property, authority, or a position of trust or responsibility to t ...
, leading to the
New Hampshire legislature
The General Court of New Hampshire is the bicameral state legislature of the U.S. state of New Hampshire. The lower house is the New Hampshire House of Representatives with 400 members. The upper house is the New Hampshire Senate with 24 memb ...
attempting to force the college to become a public institution, and so place the ability to appoint trustees in the hands of the
governor of New Hampshire
The governor of New Hampshire is the head of government of New Hampshire.
The governor is elected during the biennial state general election in November of even-numbered years. New Hampshire is one of only two states, along with bordering Verm ...
. The Supreme Court upheld the durability of the original charter of the college, which pre-dated the creation of the State.
Citation style
Under the
Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited
original jurisdiction
In common law legal systems original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.
India
In India, the S ...
(''i.e.,'' in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.
Bluebook
''The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation'' is a style guide that prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the United States. It is taught and used at a majority of U.S. law schools and is also used in a majority of federal ...
citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions.
* "C.C.D." = United States Circuit Court for the District of . . .
** ''e.g.,''"C.C.D.N.J." = United States Circuit Court for the District of New Jersey
* "D." = United States District Court for the District of . . .
** ''e.g.,''"D. Mass." =
* "E." = Eastern; "M." = Middle; "N." = Northern; "S." = Southern; "W." = Western
** ''e.g.,''"C.C.S.D.N.Y." = United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York
** ''e.g.,''"M.D. Ala." =
* "Ct. Cl." =
United States Court of Claims
* The abbreviation of a state's name alone indicates the highest appellate court in that state's judiciary at the time.
** ''e.g.,''"Pa." =
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's Unified Judicial System. It also claims to be the oldest appellate court in the United States, a claim that is disputed by the Massachusetts Supreme Ju ...
** ''e.g.,''"Me." =
Supreme Judicial Court of Maine
The Maine Supreme Judicial Court is the highest court in the state of Maine's judicial system. It is composed of seven justices, who are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Maine Senate. From 1820 until 1839, justices served lifetime ...
List of cases in 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.)
NOTE: Some decisions have alternate pagination, indicated by "."
Notes and references
See also
*
certificate of division
External links
Case reports in volume 17 (4 Wheat.) from Court Listener
Case reports in volume 17 (4 Wheat.) from the Caselaw Access Project of
Harvard Law School
Harvard Law School (Harvard Law or HLS) is the law school of Harvard University, a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest continuously operating law school in the United States.
Each class ...
Case reports in volume 17 (4 Wheat.) from Google Scholar
Case reports in volume 17 (4 Wheat.) from Justia
Case reports in volume 17 (4 Wheat.) from Open Jurist
Website of the United States Supreme CourtUnited States Courts website about the Supreme Court*
ttps://www.americanbar.org/groups/young_lawyers/publications/after-the-bar/essentials/how-does-the-supreme-court-work/ American Bar Association, How Does the Supreme Court Work?The Supreme Court Historical Society
{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Supreme Court cases by volume
1819 in United States case law