There are 106 symphonies by the classical

composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and Defi ...

Joseph Haydn Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions ...

(1732–1809). Of these, 104 have numbers associated with them which were originally assigned by

Eusebius Mandyczewski Eusebius Mandyczewski ( uk, Євсевій Мандичевський, translit=Yevsevii Mandychevskyi, ro, Eusebie Mandicevschi; 18 August 1857, in Molodiia – 13 August 1929, in Vienna) was a Romanian musicologist, composer, conductor, and t ...

in 1908 in the chronological order that was known at the time. In the subsequent decades, numerous inaccuracies in the chronology (especially in the lower numbers) were found, but the Mandyczewski numbers were so widely used that when Anthony van Hoboken compiled his catalogue of Haydn's works, he incorporated the Mandyczewski number into Catalogue I (e.g., Symphony No. 34 is listed as Hob. I/34). Also in that time period, two additional symphonies were discovered (which were assigned non-Mandyczewskian letters "A" and "B"), bringing the total to 106.

The symphonies

* Symphony No. 1 in D major ''Lukawitz'' ''(Lukavická)'' (composed by

1759 In Great Britain, this year was known as the ''Annus Mirabilis'', because of British victories in the Seven Years' War. Events January–March * January 6 – George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis. * January 11 &ndas ...

) * Symphony No. 2 in C major (between

1757 Events January–March * January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India. * January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assassination attempt ...

and 1761) * Symphony No. 3 in G major (between

1760 Events January–March * January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas. * January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over the Fr ...

and 1762) * Symphony No. 4 in D major (between 1757 and 1761) * Symphony No. 5 in A major (between 1760 and 1762) * Symphony No. 6 in D major, ''Le matin'' (1761) * Symphony No. 7 in C major, ''Le midi'' (1761) * Symphony No. 8 in G major, ''Le soir'' (1761) * Symphony No. 9 in C major (1762) * Symphony No. 10 in D major (between 1757 and 1761) * Symphony No. 11 in E major (between 1760 and 1762) * Symphony No. 12 in E major (

1763 Events January–March * January 27 – The seat of colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. * February 1 – The Royal Colony of North Carolina officially creates Meck ...

) * Symphony No. 13 in D major (1763) * Symphony No. 14 in A major (between 1761 and 1763) * Symphony No. 15 in D major (between 1760 and 1763) * Symphony No. 16 in B major (between 1757 and 1761) * Symphony No. 17 in F major (between 1757 and 1763) * Symphony No. 18 in G major (between 1757 and

1764 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday and is the fifth year of the 1760s decade, the 64th year of the 18th century, and the 764th year of the 2nd millennium. Events January–June * January 7 – The Siculicidium is ...

) * Symphony No. 19 in D major (between 1757 and 1761) * Symphony No. 20 in C major (by 1762) * Symphony No. 21 in A major (1764) * Symphony No. 22 in E major, ''Philosopher'' (1764) * Symphony No. 23 in G major (1764) * Symphony No. 24 in D major (1764) * Symphony No. 25 in C major (between 1761 and, most likely, in 1763) * Symphony No. 26 in D minor, ''Lamentatione'' (

1768 Events January–March * January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London. * February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Rep ...

, maybe 1769) * Symphony No. 27 in G major, ''Hermannstädter'' (probably before 1760) * Symphony No. 28 in A major ( 1765) * Symphony No. 29 in E major (1765) * Symphony No. 30 in C major, ''Alleluia'' (1765) * Symphony No. 31 in D major, ''Hornsignal'' (1765) * Symphony No. 32 in C major (between 1757 and 1763, probably 1760/1761) * Symphony No. 33 in C major (1760/1761, or 1763–65) * Symphony No. 34 in D minor (1763) * Symphony No. 35 in B major ( 1767) * Symphony No. 36 in E major (first half of the 1760s) * Symphony No. 37 in C major (by

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) * Symphony No. 38 in C major, ''Echo'' (between 1765 and 1769, perhaps 1768) * Symphony No. 39 in G minor, ''Tempesta di mare'' (1767/1768) * Symphony No. 40 in F major (by 1763) * Symphony No. 41 in C major (by 1769) * Symphony No. 42 in D major (by 1771) * Symphony No. 43 in E major, ''Mercury'' (by 1771) * Symphony No. 44 in E minor, ''Trauer'' (

1772 Events January–March * January 10 – Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India, makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years after having been forced to flee. * January 17 – Johann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Carolin ...

) * Symphony No. 45 in F minor, ''Farewell'' (1772) * Symphony No. 46 in B major (1772) * Symphony No. 47 in G major, ''The Palindrome'' (1772) * Symphony No. 48 in C major, ''Maria Theresia'' (1768/1769) * Symphony No. 49 in F minor, ''La passione'' (1768) * Symphony No. 50 in C major ( 1773 and 1774) * Symphony No. 51 in B major (1773/1774) * Symphony No. 52 in C minor (1771/1772) * Symphony No. 53 in D major, ''L'impériale'' ( 1778)/( 1779) * Symphony No. 54 in G major (1774) * Symphony No. 55 in E major, ''The Schoolmaster'' (by 1774) * Symphony No. 56 in C major (by 1774) * Symphony No. 57 in D major (1774) * Symphony No. 58 in F major (between 1767 and 1774) * Symphony No. 59 in A major, ''Feuer'' (by 1769) * Symphony No. 60 in C major, ''Il distratto'' (by

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...

, probably 1774) * Symphony No. 61 in D major (

1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January 1 ...

) * Symphony No. 62 in D major (

1780 Events January–March * January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a Spanish fleet. * February 19 – The legislature of New York votes to allow ...

/ 1781) * Symphony No. 63 in C major, ''La Roxelane'' (between 1779 and 1781) * Symphony No. 64 in A major, ''Tempora mutantur'' (between 1773 and 1775) * Symphony No. 65 in A major (by 1778) * Symphony No. 66 in B major (1775–1776?) * Symphony No. 67 in F major (by 1779) * Symphony No. 68 in B major (by 1779) * Symphony No. 69 in C major, ''Laudon'' (by 1779) * Symphony No. 70 in D major (by 1779) * Symphony No. 71 in B major (by 1780) * Symphony No. 72 in D major (between 1763 and 1765) * Symphony No. 73 in D major, ''La chasse'' (

1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establish ...

) * Symphony No. 74 in E major (1780/ 1781) * Symphony No. 75 in D major (between 1779 and 1781) * Symphony No. 76 in E major (

) * Symphony No. 77 in B major (1782) * Symphony No. 78 in C minor (1782) * Symphony No. 79 in F major ( 1784) * Symphony No. 80 in D minor (1784) * Symphony No. 81 in G major (1784) * The " Paris symphonies": ** Symphony No. 82 in C major, ''The Bear'' (

1786 Events January–March * January 3 – The third Treaty of Hopewell is signed, between the United States and the Choctaw. * January 6 – The outward bound East Indiaman '' Halsewell'' is wrecked on the south coast of Englan ...

) ** Symphony No. 83 in G minor, ''The Hen'' ( 1785) ** Symphony No. 84 in E major, ''In nomine Domini'' (1786) ** Symphony No. 85 in B major, ''La Reine'' ("The Queen") (1785/1786) ** Symphony No. 86 in D major (1786) ** Symphony No. 87 in A major (1786) * Symphony No. 88 in G major ( 1787) * Symphony No. 89 in F major (1787) * Symphony No. 90 in C major (

1788 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London. * January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S ...

) * Symphony No. 91 in E major (1788) * Symphony No. 92 in G major, ''Oxford'' (

1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet ''What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election a ...

) * The "

London symphonies The London symphonies, sometimes called the Salomon symphonies after Johann Peter Salomon who introduced London to Joseph Haydn, were composed by Joseph Haydn between 1791 and 1795. They can be categorized into two groups: Symphonies Nos. 93–98, ...

": ** Symphony No. 93 in D major ( 1791) ** Symphony No. 94 in G major, ''The Surprise'' (1791) ** Symphony No. 95 in C minor (1791) ** Symphony No. 96 in D major, ''The Miracle'' (1791) ** Symphony No. 97 in C major ( 1792) ** Symphony No. 98 in B major (1792) ** Symphony No. 99 in E major ( 1793) ** Symphony No. 100 in G major, ''Military'' (1793/ 1794) ** Symphony No. 101 in D major, ''The Clock'' (1793/1794) ** Symphony No. 102 in B major (1794) ** Symphony No. 103 in E major, ''Drumroll'' ( 1795) ** Symphony No. 104 in D major, ''London'' (1795) Hoboken also includes four other works in his "Symphony" category (Hob. I): * Hob. I/105 in B major, better known as the '' Sinfonia Concertante for violin, cello, oboe and bassoon'' (1792) * Hob. I/106 in D major, for which only one part has survived (1769?); sometimes used as the overture to '' Le pescatrici'' * Hob. I/107 in B major, often known not by a number but as ''Symphony A'' (between 1757 and 1760) * Hob. I/108 in B major, often known not by a number but as ''Symphony B'' (between 1757 and 1760) Despite this, the number of "symphonies" by Haydn is usually given as 106.Oxford Composer Companions: ''Haydn'', ed.

David Wyn Jones David Wyn Jones (born 1950) is a British musicologist. He is an expert on music of the Classical period, including that of Haydn and Beethoven. Professional life Wyn Jones received his Ph.D. from the University of Wales in 1978, on the basis of a ...

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print books ...

, 2002, p. 381. .

Extensive and complete recordings

Several conductors recorded incomplete runs of the symphonies on LP, including three,

Hermann Scherchen Hermann Scherchen (21 June 1891 – 12 June 1966) was a German conductor. Life Scherchen was born in Berlin. Originally a violist, he played among the violas of the Bluthner Orchestra of Berlin while still in his teens. He conducted in Riga ...

Max Goberman Max Goberman (8 February 191131 December 1962) was an American conductor. He conducted ballets, Broadway musicals (including the original productions of Leonard Bernstein's ''On the Town (musical), On the Town'' and ''West Side Story''), and the cl ...

, and Derek Solomons, whose efforts have been reissued in all or part on CD. In the sixties, Leslie Jones conducted some fifty of Haydn's symphonies together with The Little Orchestra of London. Although not using period instruments, Jones may have been one of the first conductors to use small scale forces. Four conductors have recorded the complete symphonies of Joseph Haydn. *

Ernst Märzendorfer Ernst Märzendorfer (26 May 192116 September 2009) was an Austrian conductor. Märzendorfer was born in Oberndorf bei Salzburg. He studied with Clemens Krauss at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, and was appointed as first conductor of the Graz Opera i ...

recorded a complete set, but it was little known at the time due to limited US-only distribution. * The first to make a complete recording that was widely available was the Hungarian-American conductor

Antal Doráti Antal Doráti (, , ; 9 April 1906 – 13 November 1988) was a Hungarian-born conductor and composer who became a naturalized American citizen in 1943. Biography Antal Doráti was born in Budapest, where his father Alexander Doráti was a vi ...

, with the

Philharmonia Hungarica The Philharmonia Hungarica was a symphony orchestra, based in Marl, Germany, which existed from 1956 to 2001. It was first established in Baden bei Wien near Vienna by Hungarian musicians who had fled their homeland after it was invaded by Sovi ...

, issued first on LP and subsequently on CD. * Hungarian conductor Ádám Fischer recorded a complete CD cycle in the late 1990s with the Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra. * In 2009, American conductor

Dennis Russell Davies Dennis Russell Davies (born April 16, 1944 in Toledo, Ohio) is an American conductor and pianist, He is currently the music director and chief conductor of the Brno Philharmonic. Biography Davies studied piano and conducting at the Juilliard Sch ...

completed a cycle with the

Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra The Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra (Stuttgarter Kammerorchester) is a German chamber orchestra based in Stuttgart Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar ...

Christopher Hogwood Christopher Jarvis Haley Hogwood (10 September 194124 September 2014) was an English conductor, harpsichordist, writer, and musicologist. Founder of the early music ensemble the Academy of Ancient Music, he was an authority on historically info ...

was to have recorded a complete cycle of Haydn symphonies with the

Academy of Ancient Music The Academy of Ancient Music (AAM) is a British period-instrument orchestra based in Cambridge, England. Founded by harpsichordist Christopher Hogwood in 1973, it was named after an 18th-century organisation of the same name (originally the A ...

(AAM) for

Decca Decca may refer to: Music * Decca Records or Decca Music Group, a record label * Decca Gold, a classical music record label owned by Universal Music Group * Decca Broadway, a musical theater record label * Decca Studios, a recording facility in W ...

's L'Oiseau Lyre imprint in a total of 15 volumes, each containing 3 CDs. Between 1990 and 2000, a total of 10 of these volumes were commercially released on CD; these volumes contain Nos. 1–75, plus the two early symphonies numbered 107 and 108, and are presented in a theoretical chronological order rather than numerical order. The program booklets contained in each of these 10 volumes contain a concordance to the complete contents of the 15 volumes. Prior to the commencement of this project, Hogwood and the AAM had recorded four of Haydn's later symphonies (94, 96, 100, and 104) for L'Oiseau Lyre, which were released on LP and later on CD. The last five of the 15-volume series were never released, although at least Nos. 76 and 77 were recorded and had a limited release on CD through ''

BBC Music Magazine ''BBC Music Magazine'' is a British monthly magazine that focuses primarily on classical music. History The first issue appeared in September 1992. BBC Worldwide, the commercial subsidiary of the BBC was the original owner and publisher toget ...

''. During the 1980s,

Neville Marriner Sir Neville Marriner, (15 April 1924 – 2 October 2016) was an English violinist and "one of the world's greatest conductors". Gramophone lists Marriner as one of the 50 greatest conductors and another compilation ranks Marriner #14 of th ...

recorded the "

name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A personal ...

" symphonies (29 symphonies) with the

Academy of St Martin in the Fields The Academy of St Martin in the Fields (ASMF) is an English chamber orchestra, based in London. John Churchill, then Master of Music at the London church of St Martin-in-the-Fields, and Neville Marriner founded the orchestra as "The Academy of ...

for

Philips Classics Records Philips Classics Records was started in the 1980s as the new classics record label for Philips Records. It was successful with artists including Alfred Brendel, Sir John Eliot Gardiner, Sir Neville Marriner and the Academy of St. Martin in the Fi ...

. These include Nos. 6, 7, 8, 22, 26, 31, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 53, 55, 59, 60, 63, 69, 73, 82, 83, 85, 92, 94, 96, 100, 101, 103, 104. They were originally released separately, then as a box set. During the 1980s,

Trevor Pinnock Trevor David Pinnock (born 16 December 1946 in Canterbury, England) is a British harpsichordist and conductor. He is best known for his association with the period-performance orchestra The English Concert, which he helped found and directe ...

recorded the ''

Sturm und Drang ''Sturm und Drang'' (, ; usually translated as "storm and stress") was a proto- Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. Within the movement, individual subjectivity and, in particul ...

'' symphonies (19 symphonies) with

The English Concert The English Concert is a baroque orchestra playing on period instruments based in London. Founded in 1972 and directed from the harpsichord by Trevor Pinnock for 30 years, it is now directed by harpsichordist Harry Bicket. Nadja Zwiener has be ...

for

Archiv Produktion Archiv Produktion is a classical music record label of German origin. It originated in 1949 as a classical label for the Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft (DGG), and in 1958 Archiv was established as a subsidiary of DGG, specialising in recording ...

. These include Nos. 26, 35, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 58, 59, 65. They were originally released separately, then as a box set. Also, in 1990, another attempt at a complete Haydn cycle on period instruments began with the

Hanover Band The Hanover Band is a British orchestra specialised in historically informed performance, founded by its artistic director, Caroline Brown. The group's website explains the name thus: '' 'Hanover' signifies the Hanoverian period 1714-1830 and ' ...

led from the keyboard by

Roy Goodman Roy Goodman (born 26 January 1951) is an English conductor and violinist, specialising in the performance and direction of early music. He became internationally famous as the 12-year-old boy treble soloist in the March 1963 recording of Alle ...

for

Hyperion Records Hyperion Records is an independent British classical record label. History Hyperion is an independent British classical label that was established in 1980 with the goal of showcasing recordings of music in all genres and from all time period ...

. Unfortunately, after releasing 57 symphonies on 17 CDs, this project ran out of funds in 1994. There are two active attempts to record the complete cycle. As of early 2015, Thomas Fey has passed the halfway point of recording all the symphonies – 57 plus the Sinfonia Concertante in 22 volumes so far – with the Heidelberger Sinfoniker (one volume with the Schlierbacher Kammerorchester) for

Hänssler Hänssler-Verlag is a German music publishing house founded in 1919 as Musikverlag Hänssler by Friedrich Hänssler Senior (died 1972) to publish church music. The company is now based in Holzgerlingen. Since 1972 Hänssler Verlag has also publish ...

. The first volumes were released in 2000. In 2014,

Giovanni Antonini Giovanni Antonini (born 1965) is an Italian conductor and soloist on the recorder and baroque transverse flute. He studied in his native Milan, and attended the Civica Scuola di Musica in that city and the Centre de Musique Ancienne in Geneva. In 1 ...

commenced a cycle for

Alpha Records Outhere Music is a Belgian classical music and jazz publisher, directed by Charles Adriaenssen, which owns several formerly independent labels, many of them boutique early music specialists: * Fuga Libera, a Belgian label founded in 2004 under th ...

with

Il Giardino Armonico Il Giardino Armonico ("The Garden of Harmony") is an Italian ensemble well noted for its practice of Historically Informed Performance and founded in Milan in 1985 by Luca Pianca and Giovanni Antonini, primarily to play 17th- and 18th-century mus ...

(Vols. 1–4) and Kammerorchester Basel (Vols. 5 & 6, to date), aiming to perform and record all of Haydn's symphonies by 2032 (the 300th anniversary of the composer's birth). Conductor Michael Fendre has developed a website which contains for all symphonies, whenever available, links to the recordings by Antal Dorati, Adam Fischer and Christopher Hogwood. The site also contains facts, analyses and a score of each symphony.

Notes

External links

* {{Authority control Symphonies Haydn, Joseph

The symphonies

Extensive and complete recordings

See also

Notes

Further reading

External links