Following the collapse of Roman and later Lombard authority in southern Italy, a group of semi-independent principalities evolved between the 8th and 11th centuries:
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Principality of Benevento, a former Lombard duchy, independent from 774
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Principality of Salerno, split off from Benevento in 851
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Principality of Capua, split off from Benevento in 981
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Duchy of Naples
The Duchy of Naples ( la, Ducatus Neapolitanus, it, Ducato di Napoli) began as a Byzantine province that was constituted in the seventh century, in the reduced coastal lands that the Lombards had not conquered during their invasion of Italy in ...
, a former Byzantine province, a hereditary principality from 840
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Duchy of Gaeta, its ruler took the title Duke in 933
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Duchy of Amalfi
The Duchy of Amalfi () or the Republic of Amalfi was a ''de facto'' independent state centered on the Southern Italian city of Amalfi during the 10th and 11th centuries. The city and its territory were originally part of the larger ''ducatus Nea ...
, its ruler took the title Duke in 958
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Duchy of Sorrento, usually under the authority of Amalfi
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Emirate of Bari, an Arab state, founded in 847, conquered in 871
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Emirate of Sicily
The Emirate of Sicily ( ar, إِمَارَة صِقِلِّيَة, ʾImārat Ṣiqilliya) was an Islamic kingdom that ruled the island of Sicily from 831 to 1091. Its capital was Palermo (Arabic: ''Balarm''), which during this period became a ...
, independent from 965
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County of Aversa, a Norman fief of Naples from 1030, conquered Capua in 1058
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County of Sicily, the Norman conquest began in 1071, and was finished in 1091; the conquest of Malta was finished in 1127
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Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, the supreme Norman authority on the peninsula from 1047
Eventually, all of these principalities were united under Norman rule and merged into the
Kingdom of Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily ( la, Regnum Siciliae; it, Regno di Sicilia; scn, Regnu di Sicilia) was a state that existed in the south of the Italian Peninsula and for a time the region of Ifriqiya from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 un ...
, founded in 1130
{{DEFAULTSORT:South Italian principalities
Former principalities
Lists of former countries
Italy history-related lists
Italy geography-related lists