Schedule 2 substances, in the sense of the
Chemical Weapons Convention
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), officially the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, is an arms control treaty administered by the Organisation for ...
, are chemicals that can either be used as chemical weapons themselves or used in the manufacture of chemical weapons but that have small-scale applications outside of chemical warfare and so can be legitimately manufactured in small quantities. An example is
thiodiglycol
Thiodiglycol, or bis(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfide (also known as 2,2-thiodiethanol or TDE), is the organosulfur compound with the formula S(CH2CH2OH)2. It is miscible with water and polar organic solvents. It is a colorless liquid. It is structurall ...
, which can be used in the manufacture of mustard agents but is also used as a solvent in
ink
Ink is a gel, sol, or solution that contains at least one colorant, such as a dye or pigment, and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen, brush, reed pen, or quill. Thicker ...
s.
Manufacture must be declared as their production is subject to declaration to the
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...
(OPCW) per Part VII of the "Verification Annex", and they may not be exported to countries that are not party to the Convention.
As with the other schedules, they are sub-divided into Part A substances, which are chemicals that can be used directly as weapons, and Part B, which are precursors useful in the manufacture of chemical weapons.
The Schedule 2 list is one of
three lists. Chemicals that can be used as weapons, or used in their manufacture, but that have no, or almost no, legitimate applications as well are listed in
Schedule 1 Schedule 1 may refer to:
* Schedule I Controlled Substances within the US Controlled Substances Act
* Schedule I Controlled Drugs and Substances within the Canadian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
* Schedule I Psychotropic Substances within t ...
, whilst
Schedule 3 is used for chemicals that also have widespread industrial uses.
Guidelines for Schedule 2
Schedule 2 lists toxic chemicals and precursors – not listed in Schedule 1 – that are deemed to pose a significant risk to be used as a chemical weapon, or may be important for the production of any of the chemicals listed in Schedule 1. They are not produced in large quantities for commercial or other purposes not prohibited by the Convention and may be used for those purposes in limited quantities.
[''Monitoring Chemicals with Possible Chemical Weapons Applications''](_blank)
OPCW, Dec 2014 (archived)
The listed chemicals are subjected to the following criteria:
[''Annex on Chemicals''](_blank)
OPCW (accessed Nov 2022)
*It poses a significant risk to the object and purpose of this Convention because it possesses such lethal or incapacitating toxicity as well as other properties that could enable it to be used as a chemical weapon;
*It may be used as a precursor in one of the chemical reactions at the final stage of formation of a chemical listed in Schedule 1 or Schedule 2, part b
*It poses a significant risk to the object and purpose of this Convention by virtue of its importance in the production of a chemical listed in Schedule 1 or Schedule 2, part A;
*It is not produced in large commercial quantities for purposes not prohibited under this Convention.
Toxic chemicals
*
Amiton
VG (IUPAC name: ''O'',''O''-diethyl ''S''- -(diethylamino)ethylphosphorothioate) (also called Amiton or Tetram) is a "V-series" nerve agent chemically similar to the better-known VX nerve agent. Tetram is the common Russian name for the substance ...
: O,O-Diethyl S-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)phosphorothiolate and corresponding alkylated or protonated salts
*
PFIB: 1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene
*
3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ)
Precursors
* Chemicals, except for those listed in Schedule 1, containing a phosphorus atom to which is bonded one methyl, ethyl or propyl (normal or iso) group but not further carbon atoms, ''e.g.''
::
Methylphosphonyl dichloride
Methylphosphonyl dichloride (DC) or dichloro is an organophosphorus compound. It has a number of commercial uses but is most notable as being a precursor to several chemical weapons agents. It is a white crystalline solid that melts slightly abov ...
::
Dimethyl methylphosphonate
Ethane ( , ) is an organic chemical compound with chemical formula . At standard temperature and pressure, ethane is a colorless, odorless gas. Like many hydrocarbons, ethane is isolated on an industrial scale from natural gas and as a petroc ...
::''Exemption'':
Fonofos
__TOC__
Fonofos is an organothiophosphate insecticide primarily used on corn.[ ...]
: O-Ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonothiolothionate
*N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) phosphoramidic dihalides
*Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) N,N-dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr)-phosphoramidates
*
Arsenic trichloride
Arsenic trichloride is an inorganic compound with the formula AsCl3, also known as arsenous chloride or butter of arsenic. This poisonous oil is colourless, although impure samples may appear yellow. It is an intermediate in the manufacture of o ...
*
2,2-diphenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid
*
Quinuclidin-3-ol
*N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) aminoethyl-2-chlorides and corresponding protonated salts
*N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) aminoethane-2-ols and corresponding protonated salts
::''Exemptions'':
N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol
Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE or DMEA) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2OH. It is bifunctional, containing both a tertiary amine and primary alcohol functional groups. It is a colorless viscous liquid. It is used in skin care produ ...
and corresponding protonated salts;
N,N-Diethylaminoethanol
Diethylethanolamine (DEAE) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H15NO. It is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of chemical commodities such as the local anesthetic procaine. It can be reacted with 4-aminobenzoic a ...
and corresponding protonated salts
*N,N-Dialkyl (Me, Et, n-Pr or i-Pr) aminoethane-2-thiols and corresponding protonated salts
*
Thiodiglycol
Thiodiglycol, or bis(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfide (also known as 2,2-thiodiethanol or TDE), is the organosulfur compound with the formula S(CH2CH2OH)2. It is miscible with water and polar organic solvents. It is a colorless liquid. It is structurall ...
: Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfide
*
Pinacolyl alcohol
Pinacolyl alcohol is a common name for 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol, also known as pine alcohol. It is one of the isomeric hexanols and a secondary alcohol.
Pinacolyl alcohol appears on the List of Schedule 2 substances (CWC) as a precursor for the ne ...
: 3,3-Dimethylbutan-2-ol
See also
*
Schedule 1 Schedule 1 may refer to:
* Schedule I Controlled Substances within the US Controlled Substances Act
* Schedule I Controlled Drugs and Substances within the Canadian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
* Schedule I Psychotropic Substances within t ...
*
Schedule 3
*
Dual use technology
In politics, diplomacy and export control, dual-use items refers to goods, software and technology that can be used for both civilian and military applications.
References
External links
Chemical Weapons Convention. Annex on Chemicals. B. Schedules of Chemicals. Schedule 2 Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, OPCW
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chemical Weapons Convention
Chemical weapons demilitarization
Lists of weapons
Schedule 2 substances (CWC)