The

History of Assam File:Major kingdoms of Assam.png, upright=1.3, Major kingdoms of Assam rect 50 50 650 120 Kamarupa Kingdom rect 45 240 160 310 Kamata Kingdom rect 165 240 300 310 Bhuyan chieftains rect 305 240 415 310 Ahom Kingdom rect 425 240 540 310 Chut ...

is the history of a confluence of people from the east, west, south and the north; the confluence of the

Austroasiatic The Austroasiatic languages , , are a large language family A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ''ancestral language'' or ''parental language'', called the proto-language of that family. The te ...

Tibeto-Burman The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non- Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia. Around 60 million people spea ...

(Sino-Tibetan),

Tai Tai or TAI may refer to: Arts and entertainment *Tai (comics) a fictional Marvel Comics supervillain *Tai Fraiser, a fictional character in the 1995 film ''Clueless'' *Tai Kamiya, a fictional character in ''Digimon'' Businesses and organisations ...

and Indo-Aryan cultures. Although invaded over the centuries, it was never a vassal or a colony to an external power until the third Burmese invasion in 1821 and subsequently the British ingress into Assam in 1824 during the

First Anglo-Burmese War The First Anglo-Burmese War ( my, ပထမ အင်္ဂလိပ်-မြန်မာ စစ်; ; 5 March 1824 – 24 February 1826), also known as the First Burma War, was the first of three wars fought between the British and Burmese ...

. Later documented rulers, and dynasties who are deemed to have ruled a portion of

Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ...

are included in this list. File:Major kingdoms of Assam.png, 260px, Major kingdoms of Assam rect 50 50 650 120

Kamarupa Kingdom Kamarupa (; also called Pragjyotisha or Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa), an early state during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, was (along with Davaka) the first historical kingdom of Assam. Though Kamarupa prevailed from 350 to 11 ...

rect 45 240 160 310

Kamata Kingdom The Kamata Kingdom (pron: ˈkʌmətɑ) emerged in western Kamarupa probably when Sandhya, a ruler of Kamarupanagara, moved his capital west to Kamatapur sometime after 1257 CE. Since it originated in the old seat of the Kamarupa kingdom, a ...

rect 165 240 300 310

Bhuyan chieftains The Baro-Bhuyans (or ''Baro-Bhuyan Raj''; also ''Baro-Bhuians'' and Baro-Bhuiyans) refers to the confederacies of soldier-landowners in Assam and Bengal in the late Middle Ages and the early modern period. The confederacies consisted of loose ...

rect 305 240 415 310 Ahom Kingdom rect 425 240 540 310

Chutiya Kingdom The Chutia Kingdom (also Sadiya) was a late medieval state that developed around Sadiya in present Assam and adjoining areas in Arunachal Pradesh."(T)he Chutiyas seem to have assumed political power in Sadiya and contiguous areas falling ...

rect 550 240 660 310

Kachari Kingdom The Dimasa Kingdom (also Kachari kingdom) was a late medieval/early modern kingdom in Assam, Northeast India ruled by Dimasa kings. The Dimasa kingdom and others (Kamata, Chutiya) that developed in the wake of the Kamarupa kingdom were examp ...

rect 4 425 80 495 Koch Bihar rect 120 425 190 495

Koch Hajo Koch Hajo (1581-1616) was the kingdom under Raghudev and his son Parikshit Narayan of the Koch dynasty that stretched from Sankosh river in the west to the Bhareli river in the east on the north bank of the Brahmaputra river. It was created by di ...

rect 125 660 640 760

Ancient Kingdoms (c. 1200 BCE – 500 CE)

Sonitpura Kingdom

The kingdom was contemporary of

Pragjyotisha Kingdom Pragjyotisha is a mythological kingdom that is mentioned in a multitude of Hindu Epics. It came to be associated with the historical Kamarupa after Bhaskaravarman of the Varman dynasty by drawing his lineage from Naraka/Bhagadatta of the legend ...

Kamarupa Kamarupa (; also called Pragjyotisha or Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa), an early state during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, was (along with Davaka) the first historical kingdom of Assam. Though Kamarupa prevailed from 350 to 11 ...

Pragjyotisha Kingdom

Danava dynasty

First legendary line of rulers in Pragjyotisha. The Danava dynasty consisted of

Kirata The Kirāta ( sa, किरात) is a generic term in Sanskrit literature for people who had territory in the mountains, particularly in the Himalayas and Northeast India and who are believed to have been Sino-Tibetan in origin. The meaning o ...

chiefs; the last of whom, Ghatakasura, was killed and replaced by

Naraka Naraka ( sa, नरक) is the realm of hell in Indian religions. According to some schools of Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, ''Naraka'' is a place of torment. The word ''Neraka'' (modification of ''Naraka'') in Indonesian and Malaysia ...

. Known Danava rulers of Pragjyotisha are: * Mahiranga * Hatakasura * Sambarasura * Ratnasura * Ghatakasura

Bhauma (Naraka) dynasty

Second legendary dynasty of Pragjyotisha. Known Bhauma rulers of Pragjyotisha are: *

Bhagadatta Bhagadatta ( sa, भगदत्त) was the son of Narakasura, and the king of Pragjyotisha. Bhagadatta was born from a limb of the asura called Bāṣkala. He was a renowned warrior, and was known to be a great friend of Indra. When Arjuna emba ...

* Pushpadatta *

Vajradatta Vajradatta ( sa, वज्रदत्त) was son and successor of the king Bhagadatta, third in line to throne of Naraka dynasty of Pragjyotisha Kingdom. Vajradatta had studied four vedas along with Angas, and the Nitishastras of Brihaspati an ...

Davaka Kingdom (c. 100 – 500 CE)

''less information is available about this kingdom''

Classical Assam : Kamarupa dynesties (350 – 1100 CE)

Varman dynasty (350 – 650 CE)

The dynastic line as given in the

Dubi copperplate inscription The Dubi copperplate inscription are the inscriptions of a grant issued by Bhaskaravarman of Kamarupa. This is the earliest of all copper plate grants issued by Kamarupa kings discovered so far. This was an issue after an earlier charter, issued by ...

and

Nidhanpur copperplate inscription The Nidhanpur copperplate inscription of the 7th-century Kamarupa king Bhaskaravarman gives a detailed account of land grants given to Brahmins. It records land grants to more than two hundred vaidika brahmanas belonging to 56 gotras. The copp ...

are as- The grants of Ratnapala give the list of 21 kings from Salastambha to his line.

Mlechchha dynasty (650 – 900 CE)

* Salastamba (650–670 CE) * Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha * Palaka * Kumara * Vajradeva * Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745 CE) * Balavarman II * Jivaraja * Digleswaravarman * Salambha * Harjjaravarman (815–832 CE) * Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855 CE) * Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860 CE) * Balavarman III (860–880 CE) * Tyagasimha (890–900 CE)

Pala dynasty (Kamarupa) (900 – 1100 CE)

Brahma Pala Brahma Pala (reigned 900-920) was the founder of the Pala Dynasty (900–1100) of the Kamarupa kingdom. He married Kula Devi, by whom he had a successor to his throne named Ratna Pala. See also * Kamarupa - Late to end period * Pushyavarman * B ...

(900–920 CE) *

Ratna Pala Ratna Pala (reigned 920-960) was the son of Brahma Pala in Pala Dynasty (900–1100) of Kamarupa Kingdom. His queen's name was Durlabha. He was succeeded by Indra Pala. The Gachtal plates of Go Pala have thrown fresh light on the achievements a ...

(920–960 CE) *

Indra Pala Indra Pala (ruled 960–990) was ruler of Pala Dynasty (900–1100) of Kamarupa Kingdom. Ratna Pala's son, Purandera Pala, predeceased him, and thus the later's son, Indra Pala, his grandson became successor. Indra Pala defeated King Kalyan C ...

(960–990 CE) *

Go Pala Go Pala was successor and son of Indra Pala and his queen Rajya Devi, of Pala Dynasty of Kamarupa Kingdom, who ruled for the period 990-1015 A.D. The following description is taken from the copper plate grant of Dharma Pala: "In his ( Brahma P ...

also Gopalavarman (990–1015 CE) *

Harsha Pala Harsha Pala was son of Go Pala, the ruler of Pala Dynasty of Kamarupa Kingdom and Queen Nayana. He ruled for the period 1015-1035 A.D. Copper plate description of Dharma Pala Dharma Pala (1035–1060) was ruler of Pala Dynasty (900–1100) ...

(1015–1035 CE) *

Dharma Pala Dharma Pala (1035–1060) was ruler of Pala Dynasty (900–1100) of Kamarupa Kingdom. Harsha Pala Harsha Pala was son of Go Pala, the ruler of Pala Dynasty of Kamarupa Kingdom and Queen Nayana. He ruled for the period 1015-1035 A.D. Copp ...

(1035–1060 CE) *

Jaya Pala Jaya Pala (1075-1100) was a ruler during the Pala Dynasty (900–1100) of Kamarupa Kingdom. About A member of the Brahma Pala dynasty, Jaya Pala ruled over Kamarupa at the close of the 11th century. He is mentioned in a Siliinpur stone inscr ...

(1075–1100 CE)

Medieval Assam

Ahom dynasty (1228 – 1838 CE)

In the nearly 600-years 39-Swargadeo dynastic history, there are three progenitor kings (all subsequent kings are descendants of these kings). They are

Sukaphaa Sukaphaa (), also Siu-Ka-Pha, the first Ahom king in medieval Assam, was the founder of the Ahom kingdom and the architect of Assam. A prince of the Su/Tsu (Tiger) clan of the Mao-Shan sub-tribe originally from present-day Mong Mao, Yunnan Provin ...

, who established the kingdom;

Suhungmung Suhungmung (), or Dihingia Roja I was one of the most prominent Ahom Kings who ruled at the cusp of Assam's medieval history. His reign broke from the early Ahom rule and established a multi-ethnic polity in his kingdom. Under him the Ahom K ...

, who made the greatest territorial and political expansion of the kingdom; and

Supaatphaa Supaatpha also, Gadadhar Singha (reign 1681–1696) established the rule of the Tungkhungia clan of the Ahom kings that ruled the Ahom kingdom till its climactic end. He was the son of Gobar Roja, a descendant of Suhungmung, and who had become ...

, who established the House of Tungkhugia kings that reigned the kingdom during its political and cultural zenith, as well as the period of decay and end (except for

Jogeswar Singha Jogeswar Singha was installed as the king of Ahom kingdom in 1821 CE, by the Burmese. He was more or less a puppet in the hands of the Burmese, who held the real power of administration. His reign witnessed Burmese atrocities on the people of Ass ...

, who was a descendant of Supaatphaa's father

Gobar Cow dung, also known as cow pats, cow pies or cow manure, is the waste product (faeces) of bovine animal species. These species include domestic cattle ("cows"), bison ("buffalo"), yak, and water buffalo. Cow dung is the undigested resid ...

, and who was installed as a puppet king by the Burmese). Ahom-kingdom-c1826p

The dynastic history and dates that are accepted today are the result of a re-examination of Ahom and other documents by a team of Nora astronomers and experts who were commissioned to do so by Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795).

Kachari (Dimasa) dynasty (1250 – 1832 CE)

Kamata dynasty (1228/1257 – 1365 CE)

* Sandhya (1228/1257–1260) * Sindhu Rai (1260–1285) * Rup Narayan (1285–1300) * Singhadhwaj (1300–1305) * Pratapdhvaj (1305–1325) * Dharma Narayan (1325–1330) * Durlabh Narayan (1330–1350) * Indra Narayan (1350–1365)

Chutia (Sadiya) dynasty (1350 – 1523 CE)

Known rulers of the Chutia kingdom are: *Nandisvara (late 14th century) *Satyanarayana (late 14th century) *Lakshminarayana (early 15th century) *Dharmanarayana (early 15th century) *Durlabhnarayana (early 15th century) *Muktadharmanarayana (mid 15th century) *Pratyakshanarayana (mid 15th century) *Yasanarayana (mid 15th century) *Purandarnarayana (late 15th century) *Dhirnarayana (unknown – 1524)

Baro-Bhuyan rulers of Assam (1365 – 1440 CE)

*Sasanka or rimatta (1365–1385) *Gajanka (1385–1400) *Sukranka (1400–1415) *Mriganka (1415–1440)

Khen dynasty (1440 – 1498 CE)

* Niladhwaj (1440–1460) * Chakradhwaj (1460–1480) * Nilambar (1480–1498)

Koch dynasty (1515 – 1949 CE)

Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (1515 – 1586)

* Biswa Singha (1515–1540) *

Nara Narayan Naranarayan (reign 1554–1587) was the last ruler of the undivided Koch dynasty of Kamata Kingdom. He succeeded his father, Biswa Singha. Under him the Koch kingdom reached its cultural and political zenith. Under his rule, and under the mi ...

(1540–1586)

Rulers of Koch Bihar (1586 – 1949)

* Lakshmi Narayan * Bir Narayan * Pran Narayan * Basudev Narayan * Mahindra Narayan * Roop Narayan * Upendra Narayan * Devendra Narayan * Dhairjendra Narayan * Rajendra Narayan * Dharendra Narayan * Harendra Narayan * Shivendra Narayan * Narendra Narayan *

Nripendra Narayan Maharaja Nripendra Narayan (4 October 1862 – 18 September 1911) was the Maharaja of the princely state of Cooch Bihar, India, from 1863 to 1911. Early life Nripendra Narayan was only ten months old when his father, Narendra Narayan, died in ...

* Rajendra Narayan II *

Jitendra Narayan Maharaja Shri Sir Jitendra Narayan Bhup Bahadur (20 December 1886 – 20 December 1922) was the Maharaja of Cooch Behar State, Cooch-Behar, India, from September 1913 until his death in December 1922. Early life Jitendra Narayan was the sec ...

(father of

Gayatri Devi Gayatri Devi (born as Princess Gayatri Devi of Cooch Behar; 23 May 1919 − 29 July 2009) was the third Maharani consort of Jaipur from 1940 to 1949 through her marriage to Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II. Following her husband's signature for th ...

) *

Jagaddipendra Narayan Sir Jagaddipendra Narayan Bhup Bahadur, (15 December 1915 – 11 April 1970) was Maharaja of Cooch-Behar, in India. He served in British forces during World War II and ceded full ruling powers to the Government of India in 1949. Early l ...

(ruled till 1949)

Rulers of Koch Hajo (1581 – 1616 CE)

* Raghudev (son of

Chilarai Shukladhwaja (Pron:ʃʊkləˈdwɑːdʒ) (1510-1577AD), or more popularly known as Bir Chilarai(Pron:/ʧɪləˌraɪ/), was the 3rd son of Biswa Singha, founder of the Koch Dynasty in Kamata Kingdom and younger brother of Nara Narayan, the 2nd kin ...

, nephew of Nara Narayan) * Parikshit Narayan

Rulers of Darrang

* Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan) * Mahendra Narayan * Chandra Narayan * Surya Narayan

Rulers of Beltola

*Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of

, brother of Balinarayan, first Koch ruler of

Darrang Darrang () is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. The district headquarters are located at Mangaldoi. The district occupies an area of 1585 km2. History No definitive records about Darrang are available for the pre-med ...

). *Shivendra Narayan Dev (Son of Gaj Narayan) *Gandharva Narayan Dev (Son of Shivendra Narayan) *Uttam Narayan Dev (Son of Gandharva Narayan Dev) *Dhwaja Narayan Dev (Son of Uttam Narayan Dev) *Jay Narayan Dev (Son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev) *Lambodar Narayan Dev (Son of Jay Narayan Dev) *Lokpal Narayan Dev (Son of Lambodar Narayan Dev) *Amrit Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) *Chandra Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE) *Rajendra Narayan Dev (Son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE) *Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)

Rulers of Bijni

The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of Koch Bihar. * Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan) * Joy Narayan * Shiv Narayan * Bijoy Narayan * Mukunda Narayan * Haridev Narayan * Balit Narayan * Indra Narayan * Amrit Narayan * Kumud Narayan * Jogendra Narayan * Bhairabendra Narayan

Rulers of Khaspur

The independent rule of the Khaspur rulers ended in 1745 when it merged with the

Kachari kingdom The Dimasa Kingdom (also Kachari kingdom) was a late medieval/early modern kingdom in Assam, Northeast India ruled by Dimasa kings. The Dimasa kingdom and others (Kamata, Chutiya) that developed in the wake of the Kamarupa kingdom were examp ...

."The Khaspur state originated with Chilarai's invasion in 1562 AD and remained in existence till 1745 when it merged with the Dimasa state of Maibong." The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur are: * Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur) * Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590) * Vijay Narayana * Dhir Narayana * Mahendra Narayana * Ranjit * Nara Singha * Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of

, and Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)

Modern Assam : British Colonial Assam (1826 – 1947 CE)

;Chronology of British Colonial regin on Assam- #

Bengal Presidency The Bengal Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort William and later Bengal Province, was a subdivision of the British Empire in India. At the height of its territorial jurisdiction, it covered large parts of what is now South Asia and ...

(1826 – 1873 CE) #Chief Commissioner's Province (1874 – 1905 CE) #Eastern Bengal and Assam under Lt. Governor (1906 – 1912 CE) #Assam Legislative Council (1912 – 1920 CE) #Dyarchy (1921 – 1937 CE) #Assam Legislative Assembly (1937 – 1947 CE)

Republic of India

;

List of governors of Assam This is a list of governors of Assam, and other offices of similar scope, from the start of British occupation of the area in 1824 during the First Anglo-Burmese War. The Governor of Assam is a nominal head and representative of the President ...

;

List of chief ministers of Assam The Chief Minister (India), chief minister of Assam, an Indian States and territories of India, state, is the head of government, head of the Government of Assam. As per the Constitution of India, the governor (India), governor is the state's ''d ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rulers of Assam

Rulers A ruler, sometimes called a rule, line gauge, or scale, is a device used in geometry and technical drawing, as well as the engineering and construction industries, to measure distances or draw straight lines. Variants Rulers have long ...

Lists of Indian monarchs