List Of Public Debt
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This is a list of countries by government debt. ''Gross'' government debt is government financial liabilities that are debt instruments. A ''debt instrument'' is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. ''Net'' debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments. Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets are difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional rates. Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits. A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues. In the list below, government debt is measured for the ''general government'' sector because the level of government responsible for programs (for example, health care) differs across countries, and the general government comprises central, state, provincial, regional, and local governments, and social security funds. To make the numbers comparable across countries of different size, government debt is measured as a percentage of a country's
gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a money, monetary Measurement in economics, measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjec ...
(GDP). For context on the magnitude of the debt numbers,
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...
member countries have an agreement, the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), to maintain a general government gross debt of no more than 60% of GDP. The aim of the SGP is to prevent excessive debt burdens.


Government debt as a percentage of GDP

When data is not available, numbers are
IMF The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster globa ...
staff estimates.


Public debt per capita

The figures here are represented per capita.


See also

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List of countries by future gross government debt This is a list of countries by estimated future gross central government debt based on data released in October 2020 by the International Monetary Fund, with figures in percentage of national GDP. Projected debt estimates See also * List of ...
*
List of sovereign states by tax revenue to GDP ratio This article lists countries alphabetically, with total tax revenue as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) for the listed countries. The tax percentage for each country listed in the source has been added to the chart. Tax as ...
*
List of countries by credit rating This is a list of countries by credit rating, showing long-term foreign currency credit ratings for sovereign bonds as reported by the largest three major credit rating agencies: Standard & Poor's, Fitch, and Moody's. The list also includes all ...
*
List of countries by corporate debt The following list sorts countries by nonfinancial corporate debt as percentage of GDP according to data by the International Monetary Fund. * indicates "Economy of COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links. {, , +Countries by nonfinancial corporate debt, lo ...
*
List of countries by household debt The following lists sort countries by Stock of loans and debt issued by households as a percentage of GDP according to data by the International Monetary Fund and Institute of International Finance. International Monetary Fund Institute of In ...
*
List of countries by external debt This is a list of countries by external debt, it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of gov ...
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Global debt Global debt refers to the total amount of money owed by all sectors, including governments, businesses, and households worldwide. , global debt was the equivalent of 305 trillion USD. This including debt by both public and private debtors. The to ...


Nation specific

* National debt of the United States *
National debt of Japan As of September 2022, the Japanese public debt is estimated to be approximately 9.2 trillion US Dollars (1.28 quadrillion yen), or 266% of GDP, and is the highest of any developed nation. 43.3% of this debt is held by the Bank of Japan. Japan's a ...
* United Kingdom national debt *
Canadian public debt Canadian public debt, or general government debt, is the liabilities of the government sector. Government ''gross debt'' consists of liabilities that are a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal in future. They con ...
*
South Africa national debt The National Debt of South Africa is the total quantity of money borrowed by the Government of South Africa at any time through the issue of securities by the South African Treasury and other government agencies. As of 2021/22 total South Africa ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Countries by government debt, list of Debt-to-GDP ratio * Lists of countries by population-related issue
Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...