The
prime minister of the Portuguese Republic
The prime minister of Portugal ( pt, primeiro-ministro; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of stat ...
( pt, primeiro-ministro da República Portuguesa) is the head of the
Government of Portugal
The Government of Portugal is one of the four sovereignty bodies of the Portuguese Republic, together with the President of the Republic, the Assembly of the Republic and the courts. It is both the body of sovereignty that conducts the general p ...
. They coordinate the actions of all ministers, represent the Government as a whole, report their actions and is accountable to the
Assembly of the Republic, and keep the
president of the Republic informed.
There is no limit to the number of mandates as prime minister. They are appointed by the president of the Republic, after the legislative elections and after an audience with every leader of a party represented at the Assembly. It is usual for the leader of the party which receives a
plurality
Plurality may refer to:
Voting
* Plurality (voting), or relative majority, when a given candidate receives more votes than any other but still fewer than half of the total
** Plurality voting, system in which each voter votes for one candidate and ...
of votes in the elections to be named prime minister.
The official residence of the prime minister is a mansion next to
São Bento Palace
São Bento Palace ( pt, Palácio de São Bento, italic=no "Saint Benedict's Palace") in Lisbon is the seat of the Assembly of the Portuguese Republic, the parliament of Portugal. Originally constructed in 1598, São Bento has served as the seat o ...
, which, in confusion, is also often called "São Bento Palace", although many prime ministers did not live in the palace during their full mandate.
History
The origins of present office of prime minister of Portugal fall back to the beginning of the Portuguese monarchy in the 12th century. Typically, a senior official of the
king of Portugal prevailed over the others, ensuring the coordination of the administration of the kingdom as a kind of prime minister. Throughout history, the prominent position fell successively on the
Mayor of the Palace (
Portuguese ''Mordomo-Mor''), on the
Chancellor
Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law cou ...
(''Chancellor-Mor''), on the King's Private Secretary (''Escrivão da Puridade'') and on the Secretary of State (''Secretário de Estado'').
In 1736, three offices of secretary of state were created, with the Secretary of State of the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (''Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Interiores do Reino'') occupying a prominent position over the others.
Since the 1820
Liberal Revolution of Porto
The Liberal Revolution of 1820 ( pt, Revolução Liberal) was a Portuguese political revolution that erupted in 1820. It began with a military insurrection in the city of Porto, in northern Portugal, that quickly and peacefully spread to the res ...
,
liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for ...
and
parliamentarism
A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of the ...
were installed in the country. In the first liberal period, there were three to six secretaries of state with equal position in the hierarchy, but with the Secretary the Internal Affairs of the Kingdom (usually known by Minister of the Kingdom) continuing to occupy a prominent position. Occasionally there was a Minister Assistant to the Dispatch (''Ministro Assistante ao Despacho''), a coordinator of all secretaries of state, and with a post similar to that of a prime minister. After a brief absolutistic restoration, the second liberalism started. With the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy, the office of President of the Council of Ministers (''President do Conselho de Ministros'') was created. The presidents of the council were clearly the heads of government of the kingdom, holding the executive power that absolute monarchs had, but were restricted by the controlling power of the National Congress.
With the advent of the Republic in the
5 October 1910 revolution, the head of government was renamed President of the Ministry (''Presidente do Ministério''). During this period the heads of government were under the strong power of the parliament and often fell due to parliamentary turmoils and social instability.
With the
28 May 1926 coup d'état, and eventually, after the formation of the ''
Estado Novo'' quasi-
fascist
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the ...
dictatorial regime of
António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar (, , ; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese dictator who served as President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 to 1968. Having come to power under the ("National Dictatorship"), he reframed the ...
, the prime minister was again named President of the Council of Ministers, and was nominally the most important figure in the country. First Salazar and then
Marcello Caetano occupied this post for almost 42 years.
With the
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lis ...
came the prime minister, which replaced the president of the council.
Prime ministers
The official numbering of the prime ministers starts with the first president of the Council of Ministers of the constitutional monarchy. A second column is added after the establishment of the Republic, numbering the prime ministers from there to the present day. Another column is added for the numbering inside the three regimes:
First Republic, the Second Republic and Third Republic, with a fourth column in the ''Second Republic'' to mark the numbering of prime ministers since the
1926 revolution that established the ''National Dictatorship'' and since the replacement of the National Dictatorship with the Salazarist ''Estado Novo''. In the Third Republic, a fourth column is also used to distinguish the prime ministers of the provisional governments that existed during the period immediately following the
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lis ...
of 1974 from the prime ministers that assumed office after the entry into force of Portugal's current democratic Constitution adopted 1976.
At the right hand side, a column indicates the official numbering of the ''Constitutional Governments''. The numbering of the Constitutional Governments is not the same as the numbering of prime ministers since the Constitution because, whenever elections for a new parliament take place, a new constitutional government is installed, even if the prime minister remains the same; however, there is also a change of constitutional government when the prime minister is replaced, even if in mid-parliament. So, because some prime ministers managed to remain in office after fresh elections (thus serving as prime ministers under more than one parliament), there are more constitutional governments than there are prime ministers.
The colors indicate the political affiliation of each prime minister.
/independent
Constitutional Monarchy – Second Liberalism (1834–1910)
First Republic (1910–1926)
Second Republic (1926–1974)
Third Republic (1974–present)
Timeline
Prime ministers of Portugal (1834–1910)
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José Jorge Loureiro (23 April 1791 – 1 June 1860) was a Portuguese soldier and politician at the time of the Kingdom of Portugal, monarchy.
Career
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Costa may refer to:
Biology
* Rib (Latin: ''costa''), in vertebrate anatomy
* Costa (botany), the central strand of a plant leaf or thallus
* Costa (coral), a stony rib, part of the skeleton of a coral
* Costa (entomology), the leading edge of th ...
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Serpa () is a city and a Concelho (municipality) in the central Portuguese region Alentejo. The population in 2011 was 15,623, in an area of . The Guadiana River flows close to the town of Serpa.
History
Serpa has its origins in early settlem ...
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João is the Portuguese equivalent of the given name John. The diminutive is Joãozinho and the feminine is Joana. It is widespread in Portuguese-speaking countries. Notable people with the name are enumerated in the sections below.
Kings
* Jo ...
"
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bar:JoãoFranco
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João Franco Ferreira Pinto Castelo-Branco, GCTE (; (14 February 1855 in Alcaide, Fundão – 4 April 1929 in Anadia) was a Portuguese politician, minister, 43rd Minister for Treasury Affairs (14 January 1890) and 47th Prime Minister (19 ...
"
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Luau is a town and municipality in Angola in the province of Moxico on the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Colonial period
Until independence, the town was called Teixeira de Sousa, having been named after the Portuguese Prime M ...
"
Prime ministers of Portugal (1910–1926)
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Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia, GCSE (24 September 1867 – 27 September 1951), better known as Augusto de Vasconcelos () was a Portuguese surgeon, politician and diplomat, who served as 57th Prime Minister of Portugal.
Ca ...
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Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro, 10th Count of Pimenta de Castro (5 November 1846, in Pias, Monção – 14 May 1918, in Lisbon; ) was a Portuguese army officer and politician. He was a career military officer reaching the position of General, ...
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Junta may refer to:
Government and military
* Junta (governing body) (from Spanish), the name of various historical and current governments and governing institutions, including civil ones
** Military junta, one form of junta, government led by ...
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José Augusto Soares Ribeiro de Castro (Valhelhas, 7 April 1868 – 31 July 1929; , was a Portuguese lawyer, journalist and politician. He graduated in law at the University of Coimbra, and was a lawyer in Lisbon and Guarda. A member of freema ...
"
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José Maria de Mascarenhas Relvas de Campos ( Golegã, Golegã, 5 March 1858 – Alpiarça, Casa dos Patudos, 31 October 1929; , was a Portuguese politician and 70th Prime Minister of Portugal.
= Personal life =
Jose was in spouse with Eugén ...
"
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Domingos Leite Pereira (; 19 September 1882 – 27 October 1956) was a Portuguese politician of the Portuguese First Republic. He had degrees in theology and literature of the University of Coimbra. He helped to improve the relationships betwee ...
"
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from:30/06/1919 till:15/01/1920 color:Democratic
from:15/01/1920 till:21/01/1920 color:Democratic text:" Sá Cardoso"
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from:15/01/1920 till:15/01/1920 color:Republican_Liberal text:"Fernandes Costa
Fernandes is a surname in the Portuguese-speaking countries. The name is a patronymic form of the Portuguese and Spanish personal name '' Fernando''. Fernandes is the 243rd most common surname in the world, the 3rd one in Angola and in São To ...
"
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António Maria Baptista (; 5 January 1866 – 6 June 1920) was a Portuguese military officer and politician.Pedro Figueiredo Leal, Manuel Baiôa''António Maria Baptista: O bejense que chefiou o Governo.''In: ''Diario do Alentejo,'' March 11, 20 ...
"
bar:JoséRamosPreto
from:06/06/1920 till:26/06/1920 color:Democratic text:"Ramos Preto
Ramos is a surname of Spanish and Portuguese origin that means "bouquets" or "branches". Notable people with the surname include:
* Adrián Ramos (born 1986), Colombian footballer
* Aldrech Ramos (born 1988), Filipino basketball player
* Al ...
"
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from:18/12/1925 till:30/05/1926 color:Democratic
from:07/02/1922 till:15/11/1923 color:Democratic text:" António Maria da Silva"
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bar:LiberatoDamiãoRibeiroPinto
from:30/11/1920 till:02/03/1921 color:Democratic text:"Liberato Pinto
Liberato Damião Ribeiro Pinto ComTE, ComC, ComA, ComSE, ( Lisbon, 29 September 1880 – Lisbon, 4 August 1949) was a Portuguese Lieutenant Colonel of the Republican National Guard (''Guarda Nacional Republicana'', GNR), politician and ...
"
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from:05/11/1921 till:16/12/1921 color:None_(Independent) text:" Maia Pinto"
bar:FranciscoPintodaCunhaLeal
from:16/12/1921 till:07/02/1922 color:None_(Independent) text:" Cunha Leal"
bar:AntónioGinestalMachado
from:15/11/1923 till:18/12/1923 color:Nationalist_Republican text:" Ginestal Machado"
bar:AlfredoRodriguesGaspar
from:07/07/1924 till:22/11/1924 color:Democratic text:"Rodrigues Gaspar
Rodrigues (french: Île Rodrigues, link=yes ; Creole: ) is a autonomous outer island of the Republic of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, about east of Mauritius. It is part of the Mascarene Islands, which include Mauritius and Réunion. ...
"
bar:JoséDominguesdosSantos
from:22/11/1924 till:15/02/1925 color:Democratic_Left-wing_Republican text:" Domingues dos Santos"
bar:VitorinoMáximodeCarvalhoGuimarães
from:15/02/1925 till:01/07/1925 color:Democratic text:"Vitorino Guimarães
Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães (Penafiel, 13 November 1876 – 18 October 1957) was a Portuguese economist and politician. He was the son of João Antunes de Sousa Guimarães and Amélia Augusta de Carvalho.http://www.geneall.net/P/per ...
"
Prime ministers of Portugal (1926–present)
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bar:MarcelloCaetano
bar:JuntadeSalvaçãoNacional
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from:30/05/1926 till:19/06/1926 color:None(Independent) text:"Mendes Cabeçadas
Mendes ( grc-gre, Μένδης, ''Genitive case, gen''.: ), the Greek language, Greek name of the ancient Egyptian city of Djedet, also known in ancient Egypt as Per (hieroglyph), Per-Banebdjedet ("The Domain of the Ram Lord of Djedet") and Anpet ...
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bar:GomesdaCosta
from:19/06/1926 till:09/07/1926 color:None(Independent) text:" Gomes da Costa"
bar:ÓscarCarmona
from:09/07/1926 till:18/04/1928 color:None(Independent) text:" Óscar Carmona"
bar:VicentedeFreitas
from:18/04/1928 till:08/07/1929 color:None(Independent) text:" Vicente de Freitas"
bar:IvensFerraz
from:08/07/1929 till:21/01/1930 color:None(Independent) text:"Ivens Ferraz Ivens is a Germanic languages, Germanic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Dirk Ivens, Belgian musician
* Frances Ivens (1870–1944), English obstetrician and gynecologist
* Jonas Ivens (born 1984), Belgian footballer and manager
...
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bar:CostaOliveira
from:21/01/1930 till:06/07/1932 color:NationalUnion/PopularNationalAction text:" Costa Oliveira"
bar:OliveiraSalazar
from:05/07/1932 till:25/09/1968 color:NationalUnion/PopularNationalAction text:" Oliveira Salazar"
bar:MarcelloCaetano
from:26/09/1968 till:25/04/1974 color:NationalUnion/PopularNationalAction text:" Marcello Caetano"
bar:JuntadeSalvaçãoNacional
from:25/04/1974 till:16/05/1974 color:None(Independent) text:" Junta de Salvação Nacional"
bar:PalmaCarlos
from:16/05/1974 till:18/07/1974 color:None(Independent) text:"Palma Carlos
Palma or La Palma means palm in a number of languages and may also refer to:
Geography Africa
* Palma, Mozambique, city
**Palma District
* La Palma, one of the Canary Islands, Spain
** La Palma (DO), a ''Denominación de Origen'' for wines from t ...
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bar:VascoGonçalves
from:18/07/1974 till:19/09/1975 color:None(Independent) text:"Vasco Gonçalves
General Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves OA (; Lisbon 3 May 1921 – 11 June 2005) was a Portuguese army officer in the Engineering Corps who took part in the Carnation Revolution and later served as the 104th Prime Minister from 18 July 1974 to ...
"
bar:PinheirodeAzevedo
from:19/09/1975 till:23/06/1976 color:None(Independent) text:" Pinheiro de Azevedo"
bar:AlmeidaeCosta
from:23/06/1976 till:23/07/1976 color:None(Independent) text:"Almeida e Costa
Vasco Fernando Leote de Almeida e Costa, GCIH, GCL (25 July 1932 – 26 July 2010) was a Portuguese naval officer and politician.
Biography
He served as Minister of Internal Administration during José Pinheiro de Azevedo's government, between ...
"
bar:MárioSoares
from:23/07/1976 till:28/08/1978 color:Socialist
from:09/06/1983 till:06/11/1985 color:Socialist text:"Mário Soares
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th pres ...
"
bar:NobredaCosta
from:28/08/1978 till:22/11/1978 color:None(Independent) text:"Nobre da Costa
Nobre is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Alfredo Nobre da Costa (1923–1996), Portuguese engineer and politician
* Ana Luiza Nobre (born 1964), Brazilian historian and author
*Anna Christina Nobre (born 1963), Bra ...
"
bar:MotaPinto
from:22/11/1978 till:01/08/1979 color:None(Independent) text:" Mota Pinto"
bar:MariadeLourdesPintasilgo
from:01/08/1979 till:03/01/1980 color:None(Independent) text:" Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo"
bar:SáCarneiro
from:03/01/1980 till:04/12/1980 color:SocialDemocratic text:"Sá Carneiro
Sá is a Portuguese language, Portuguese, Spanish language, Spanish and Sephardic Jewish surname. It has a high incidence in Portuguese-speaking countries, such as Portugal, Brazil and Angola. It is still very common in countries like India, Cambod ...
"
bar:FreitasdoAmaral
from:04/12/1980 till:09/01/1981 color:Democratic_and_Social_Center_-_People's_Party/Democratic_Alliance text:" Freitas do Amaral"
bar:PintoBalsemão
from:09/01/1981 till:09/06/1983 color:SocialDemocratic text:"Pinto Balsemão
Pinto is a Portuguese, Spanish, Jewish (Sephardic), and Italian surname. It is a high-frequency surname in all Portuguese-speaking countries and is also widely present in Spanish-speaking countries, Italy, India especially in Mangalore, Karnataka ...
"
bar:CavacoSilva
from:06/11/1985 till:28/10/1995 color:SocialDemocratic text:"Cavaco Silva
The cavaquinho (pronounced in Portuguese) is a small Portuguese string instrument in the European guitar family, with four wires or gut strings.
More broadly, ''cavaquinho'' is the name of a four-stringed subdivision of the lute family of inst ...
"
bar:AntónioGuterres
from:28/10/1995 till:06/04/2002 color:Socialist text:"António Guterres
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres ( , ; born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician and diplomat. Since 2017, he has served as secretary-general of the United Nations, the ninth person to hold this title. A member of the Portuguese Socia ...
"
bar:DurãoBarroso
from:06/04/2002 till:17/07/2004 color:SocialDemocratic text:"Durão Barroso Durão is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*Joaquim Durão
Joaquim Manuel Durão (25 October 1930 – 21 May 2015) was a Portugal, Portuguese chess, chess player. An International Master since 1975. Durão took part in The Gi ...
"
bar:SantanaLopes
from:17/07/2004 till:12/03/2005 color:SocialDemocratic text:" Santana Lopes"
bar:JoséSocrates
from:12/03/2005 till:21/06/2011 color:Socialist text:"José Socrates
José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ).
In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacul ...
"
bar:PedroPassosCoelho
from:21/06/2011 till:25/11/2015 color:SocialDemocratic text:"Pedro Passos Coelho
Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (; born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese politician and university guest lecturer who was the 118th prime minister of Portugal, in office from 2011 to 2015. He was the leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD ...
"
bar:AntónioCosta
from:25/11/2015 till:end color:Socialist text:" António Costa"
See also
*
List of prime ministers of Portugal by time in office
*
List of presidents of Portugal
*
Politics of Portugal
Politics in Portugal operates as a unitary multi-party semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Portugal is the head of government, and the President of Portugal is the non-executive head of state ...
Notes
:
Minority government
References
External links
WORLD STATESMEN.org (Portugal)
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Prime Ministers of Portugal
Portugal, List of Prime Ministers of
Prime Ministers
Prime Ministers
Articles which contain graphical timelines