This is a list of the heads of state of the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

(ROC) since 1912 and the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

(PRC) since 1949.

List of presidents of the Republic (since 1912)

This is a list of the presidents of the Republic of China (ROC) (1912–present). The Republic of China president is called 總統 (Zǒngtǒng, "President"), and from 1912–1928, 大總統 (Dàzǒngtǒng, "Grand President"). Since 1949, the ''de facto'' territory of the ROC is reduced to Taiwan and its surrounding islands, the former previously ruled by Japan from 1895 to 1945, no longer governing

mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...

. It continued to represent China in the United Nations until it was expelled on 25 October 1971 and diplomatically by the United States government until 1 January 1979. The President of the ROC is also known as the President of Taiwan due to the territory it governs. All the names on this list follow the

Oriental The Orient is a term for the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of ''Occident'', the Western World. In English, it is largely a metonym for, and coterminous with, the ...

convention with the family name first and given name second. ; Presidents of the

Provisional Government A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, or a transitional government, is an emergency governmental authority set up to manage a political transition generally in the cases of a newly formed state or f ...

* period: 1 January 1912 – 10 October 1913 ; Presidents of the

Beiyang government The Beiyang government (), officially the Republic of China (), sometimes spelled Peiyang Government, refers to the government of the Republic of China which sat in its capital Peking (Beijing) between 1912 and 1928. It was internationally r ...

* period: 10 October 1913 – 2 June 1928 ; Chairmen of the Nationalist Government * period: 7 February 1928 – 20 May 1948 The head of state of the Nationalist Government (國民政府) in this period (political tutelage, 訓政時期). ;Presidents under the 1947 Constitution * period: 20 May 1948 – 20 May 1996 The Government of the Republic of China was defeated in the

Chinese civil war The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on m ...

. With the communist regime declared on Mainland China in October 1949, the de facto territory of the Republic was reduced to Taiwan and its outlying islands and two counties of Fukien Province. ; Presidents after the introduction of Direct Election * period: 20 May 1996 – present

List of presidents of the People's Republic (since 1949)

This is a list of all the chairmen of the People's Republic of China (1954–1975) and the

presidents of the People's Republic of China President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

(1982–present). The President of the PRC is called 主席 (zhǔxí), formerly translated as

Chairman The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the grou ...

. To avoid confusion, all the names on this list follow the

convention (family name first, given name second) for consistency. ; Generations of leadership:

Central People's Government The State Council, constitutionally synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the p ...
under the Common Program (1949–1954)

; Chairman of the Central People's Government *

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; also romanised traditionally as Mao Tse-tung. (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC) ...

(1 October 1949 – 27 September 1954)

The 1st Constitution (1954–1975)

; Chairman/Chairwoman of the People's Republic China

The 2nd Constitution (1975–1978)

; Chairman/Chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the 4th National People's Congress # Zhu De (17 January 1975 – 6 July 1976) died in office # Soong Ching-ling (6 July 1976 – 5 March 1978) ''acting'' # Ye Jianying (5 March 1978 – 5 March 1978)

The 3rd Constitution (1978–1982)

; Chairman of the Standing Committee of the 5th National People's Congress * Ye Jianying (5 March 1978 – 18 June 1983) ; Honorary President of the People's Republic China

The 4th Constitution (1982–present)

;President of the People's Republic China

Notes

References

{{Presidents of the People's Republic of China

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

Presidents 02

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

Presidents 02 Presidents 02 Presidents 02 Lists of leaders of China Presidents