Due to the complex political makeup of the

Basque Country Basque Country may refer to: * Basque Country (autonomous community), as used in Spain ( es, País Vasco, link=no), also called , an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain (shown in pink on the map) * French Basque Country o ...

, the picture of existing political parties, their history and political positions is equally complex. The region is split between two states,

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

and

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. On the French side, parties that are of specifically Basque coloration operate mainly at the local and departmental level, in the case of the

Northern Basque Country The French Basque Country, or Northern Basque Country ( eu, Iparralde (), french: Pays basque, es, País Vasco francés) is a region lying on the west of the French department of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques. Since 1 January 2017, it constitu ...

the Département

Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; eu, Pirinio Atlantiarrak or ) is a department in the southwest corner of France and of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlanti ...

. On the Spanish side, the region with Basque ties is split between the

Foral Community of Navarre Navarre (; es, Navarra ; eu, Nafarroa ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre ( es, Comunidad Foral de Navarra, links=no ; eu, Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea, links=no ), is a foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, ...

, the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (BAC) and the

exclave An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...

Castile and León Castile and León ( es, Castilla y León ; ast-leo, Castiella y Llión ; gl, Castela e León ) is an autonomous community in northwestern Spain. It was created in 1983, eight years after the end of the Francoist regime, by the merging of the ...

Treviño Treviño (in Basque: Trebiñu) is the capital of the municipality Condado de Treviño, province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. The Condado de Treviño and the geographically smaller La Puebla de Arganzón ma ...

. Some political parties operate only in a single region, others operate in more than one region, occasionally under a different name. They cover the entire spectrum, from

ultra-nationalist Ultranationalism or extreme nationalism is an extreme form of nationalism in which a country asserts or maintains detrimental hegemony, supremacy, or other forms of control over other nations (usually through violent coercion) to pursue its sp ...

parties through moderate

nationalist Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: The ...

parties,

socialists Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the eco ...

, conservatives,

green parties A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation f ...

and other groupings.

List of active parties and coalition groupings

Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ-PNV)

Active in the BAC, Navarre (in the Geroa Bai coalition) and the North (as EAJ-PNB);

Christian-democrat Christian democracy (sometimes named Centrist democracy) is a political ideology that emerged in 19th-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ...

, moderate nationalist, regionalist.

Batzarre

Batzarre is the Navarrese branch of

Zutik Zutik ( en, Stand up) was a political party in Basque Country, Spain which was dissolved in 2009. Zutik was formed in 1991 through the merger of the EMK and LKI—the Basque branch of LCR. Within Zutik there is a current affiliated to the ...

; nationalist, socialist.

Berdeak - Los Verdes

Formerly ''Euskal Herriko Berdeak-Euskal Berdeak/Verdes del País Vasco-Verdes Vascos'', founded in 1990 and later joined with the national Confederation of the Greens.

Eusko Alkartasuna

Izquierda Mirandesa

List of Fellow Citizens

Party of the Democratic Karma (PKD)

A non-serious party based in the BAC.

People's Party of Euskadi

Active in the BAC and Navarre; Basque branch of the People's Party of Spain, Christian-democrat, conservative.

Socialist Party of Navarre (PSN-PSOE)

Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE-EE)

Active in the BAC and Navarre; Basque branch of the

Spanish Socialist Workers' Party The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( es, Partido Socialista Obrero Español ; PSOE ) is a social-democraticThe PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources: * * * * political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in gov ...

, social-democrat.

List of outlawed parties and coalition groupings

Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (EHAK-PCTV)

Active in the BAC until outlawed by the Spanish Supreme Court in 2008.

Batasuna

Active in the BAC, Navarre (outlawed in both) and the North (currently legal as Batasuna); ultra-nationalist, pro-independence, political arm of

ETA Eta (uppercase , lowercase ; grc, ἦτα ''ē̂ta'' or ell, ήτα ''ita'' ) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet, representing the close front unrounded vowel . Originally denoting the voiceless glottal fricative in most dialects, ...

Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (D3M)

Formed in 2009 and declared illegal before the 2009 election.

List of parties and coalition groupings no long active

Aralar Party

Active in the BAC and Navarre (in the Nafarria Bai coalition); socialist and pro-independence.

Basque Nationalist Republican Party

Founded in 1911 and active in the future BAC; progressive, nationalist.

Communist Movement of Euskadi (MCE-EMK)

The party split off the

Communist Movement The history of communism encompasses a wide variety of ideologies and political movements sharing the core theoretical values of common ownership of wealth, economic enterprise, and property. Most modern forms of communism are grounded at least ...

in the BAC in 1983. In 1991 it merged with the Spanish

Liga Comunista Revolucionaria Revolutionary Communist League (in Spanish: ''Liga Comunista Revolucionaria'' (LCR), in Basque: ''Liga Komunista Iraultzailea'', in Catalan: ''Lliga Comunista Revolucionària'', in Galician: ''Liga Comunista Revolucionaria'') was a political party ...

to form

; communist.

Democracia Cristiana Vasca (DCV-EKD)

Active in the BAC; Christian-democrat, pro-autonomy, non-nationalist.

Euskadiko Ezkerra (EE)

The party was active in the BAC and formed as a coalition of

Euskal Iraultzarako Alderdia Euskal Iraultzarako Alderdia (''Party for the Basque Revolution'') or EIA was a Basque Country/Spanish political party between 1977 and 1982. History The party was founded in April 1977 in Gallarta (Biscay) after the 7th general assembly of ETA ...

(EIA) and other

Marxist Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...

groupings in 1977. Most of the party later merged with the

Socialist Party of the Basque Country Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...

, the Basque branch of the

Euskal Ezkerra

A breakaway from

Euskadiko Ezkerra Euskadiko Ezkerra (EE; en, Basque Country Left) was a Basque socialist political organisation. It was founded as a coalition of Euskal Iraultzarako Alderdia (EIA, ''Basque Party for Revolution'' or ''Party for Basque Revolution'') and other Ba ...

formed in 1991 when Euskadiko Ezkerra merged with the Basque branch of the

(PSOE). It then merged with Eusko Alkartasuna in a coalition but left after the 1989 election and dissolved.

Eusko Abertzale Ekintza

Herri Alderdi Sozialista Iraultzailea

Navarrese Union of the Left (Unai)

Active in Navarre.

Patriotic Socialist Union

Unidad Alavesa

Active in

Álava Álava ( in Spanish) or Araba (), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see. Its ca ...

(BAC) from 1989 to 2005; center-right, Alavan regionalist.

Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)

Based in the BAC but with national outlook; Spanish nationalist, progressive.

Zutik

Active in the BAC but also Navarre (as Batzarre). It formed in 1991 through the merger of the

and the

Communist Movement of Euskadi Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a so ...

; nationalist, socialist.

References

{{Basque political parties Political parties in Navarre Political parties in the Basque Country (autonomous community) Political parties in Northern Basque Country