List Of Photonics Equations
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equation In mathematics, an equation is a formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign . The word ''equation'' and its cognates in other languages may have subtly different meanings; for example, in ...
s used in
optics Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviole ...
, including
geometric optics Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is ca ...
,
physical optics In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid. This usage tends not to include effec ...
,
radiometry Radiometry is a set of techniques for measurement, measuring electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. Radiometric techniques in optics characterize the distribution of the radiation's power (physics), power in space, as opposed to phot ...
,
diffraction Diffraction is defined as the interference or bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture. The diffracting object or aperture effectively becomes a s ...
, and
interferometry Interferometry is a technique which uses the ''interference'' of superimposed waves to extract information. Interferometry typically uses electromagnetic waves and is an important investigative technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber opt ...
.


Definitions


Geometric optics (luminal rays)


General fundamental quantities


Physical optics (EM luminal waves)

There are different forms of the
Poynting vector In physics, the Poynting vector (or Umov–Poynting vector) represents the directional energy flux (the energy transfer per unit area per unit time) or '' power flow'' of an electromagnetic field. The SI unit of the Poynting vector is the watt ...
, the most common are in terms of the E and B or E and H fields.


Radiometry

For spectral quantities two definitions are in use to refer to the same quantity, in terms of frequency or wavelength.


Equations


Luminal electromagnetic waves


Geometric optics

Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to initial and final optical media respectively. These ratios are sometimes also used, following simply from other definitions of refractive index, wave phase velocity, and the luminal speed equation: \frac = \frac = \frac = \sqrt \,\! where: *''ε'' =
permittivity In electromagnetism, the absolute permittivity, often simply called permittivity and denoted by the Greek letter ''ε'' ( epsilon), is a measure of the electric polarizability of a dielectric. A material with high permittivity polarizes more in ...
of medium, *''μ'' = permeability of medium, *''λ'' =
wavelength In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. It is the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase on the wave, such as two adjacent crests, tro ...
of light in medium, *''v'' =
speed of light The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted , is a universal physical constant that is important in many areas of physics. The speed of light is exactly equal to ). According to the special theory of relativity, is the upper limit ...
in media.


Polarization


Diffraction and interference


Astrophysics definitions

In astrophysics, ''L'' is used for ''luminosity'' (energy per unit time, equivalent to ''power'') and ''F'' is used for ''energy flux'' (energy per unit time per unit area, equivalent to ''intensity'' in terms of area, not solid angle). They are not new quantities, simply different names.


See also

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Defining equation (physics) In physics, defining equations are equations that define new quantities in terms of base quantities. This article uses the current SI system of units, not natural or characteristic units. Description of units and physical quantities Physical q ...
*
Defining equation (physical chemistry) In physical chemistry, there are numerous quantities associated with chemical compounds and reactions; notably in terms of ''amounts'' of substance, ''activity'' or ''concentration'' of a substance, and the ''rate'' of reaction. This article uses ...
*
List of electromagnetism equations This article summarizes equations in the theory of electromagnetism. Definitions Here subscripts ''e'' and ''m'' are used to differ between electric and magnetic charges. The definitions for monopoles are of theoretical interest, although rea ...
*
List of equations in classical mechanics Classical mechanics is the branch of physics used to describe the motion of macroscopic objects. It is the most familiar of the theories of physics. The concepts it covers, such as mass, acceleration, and force, are commonly used and known. The sub ...
*
List of equations in gravitation This article summarizes equations in the theory of gravitation. Definitions Gravitational mass and inertia A common misconception occurs between centre of mass and centre of gravity. They are defined in similar ways but are not exactly the ...
*
List of equations in nuclear and particle physics This article summarizes equations in the theory of nuclear physics and particle physics. Definitions Equations Nuclear structure Nuclear decay Nuclear scattering theory The following apply for the nuclear reaction: :''a'' + ''b'' ↠...
*
List of equations in quantum mechanics This article summarizes equations in the theory of quantum mechanics. Wavefunctions A fundamental physical constant occurring in quantum mechanics is the Planck constant, ''h''. A common abbreviation is , also known as the ''reduced Planck co ...
*
List of equations in wave theory This article summarizes equations in the theory of waves. Definitions General fundamental quantities A wave can be longitudinal where the oscillations are parallel (or antiparallel) to the propagation direction, or transverse where the oscill ...
*
List of relativistic equations Following is a list of the frequently occurring equations in the theory of special relativity. Postulates of Special Relativity To derive the equations of special relativity, one must start with two other #The laws of physics are invariant ...


Sources

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Further reading

* * * * {{cite book, title=University Physics – With Modern Physics, edition=12th, author1=H.D. Young , author2=R.A. Freedman , publisher=Addison-Wesley (Pearson International), year=2008, isbn=978-0-321-50130-1 Optics equations
Optics Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviole ...
Equations In mathematics, an equation is a formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign . The word ''equation'' and its cognates in other languages may have subtly different meanings; for example, in F ...