The list of papal tithes from 1332–1337 ( hu, 1332–1337. évi pápai tizedjegyzék) is the most important historical source for the ecclesiastical topography of medieval

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...

, containing the names of parishes and of their priests paying the yearly

tithe A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques or more ...

s, a tenth of their income.

Background

The papal register has survived in

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, together with the register of the diocese of

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(1334), which also covering the Lower Slavonian counties, contains altogether 4066 parishes. This list also gives the most comprehensive picture of the settlement network of the late

Árpád Árpád (; 845 – 907) was the head of the confederation of the Magyar tribes at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. He might have been either the sacred ruler or '' kende'' of the Hungarians, or their military leader or '' g ...

and

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periods in the

. However, the source is far from complete, some of the gaps can be filled on the basis of other sources. The Hungarian parish system was similar to the Western European, and it seems that the parish/population ratio was close to the number known from similar French and English sources (c. 520–530 persons/parish). Comparing the three papal registers (English, French and Hungarian), there were 8,085 parishes in

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in 1291, 31,624 in the most populous

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in 1328, and 4,289 parishes in the

in the 1330s. Due to the large amount of certificates that have been perished in the

over the centuries, many place-names appear in this tithe list for the first time. This register are also sources for the origin of the names of the settlements and the ethnic relations of the 14th century, however, since these certificates were mostly compiled by foreign tax collectors, the Hungarian place names were written down after hearing them, often distorted beyond recognition. Tivadar Ortvay contributed greatly to its real usability, as he identified most of the settlement names, which were often written down in a highly distorted form. Since then, several people have tried to correct his mistakes, largely based on the historical, geographical and archaeological research of the past century.

Demographic of the Kingdom of Hungary

Parishes and estimated population of the

around 1330 based on the List of Papal Tithes:

Background

Demographic of the Kingdom of Hungary

References

Further reading