The palm family,

Arecaceae The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm trees ...

, is widespread in the

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...

. Globally there are about 191 genera and 2339 species as reported in 2004 by

Carlo Morici Carlo Morici (born July 8, 1974 in Messina, Italy) is an Italian botanist specialized in Arecaceae, palm trees and also known for his landscaping projects. He develops his research within the field of island ecology as a member of the Department o ...

. Their distribution is biased toward islands – 36% of genera and 52% of species are found only on islands, while 32% of genera and 6% of species are found only on continents. Sixty-two percent of monotypic genera are found only on islands.

Phytogeographically Phytogeography (from Greek language, Greek φυτόν, ''phytón'' = "plant" and γεωγραφία, ''geographía'' = "geography" meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographi ...

, the Caribbean region is often considered to include the coastal plains of the United States (including south Florida), Mexico (especially the Yucatan), Belize,

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

and Venezuela. Most species either have a wide distribution which includes part of the Caribbean, or are endemic to the Greater Antilles. Of the islands in the Caribbean, Cuba has the most species of palm, followed by

Hispaniola Hispaniola (, also ; es, La Española; Latin and french: Hispaniola; ht, Ispayola; tnq, Ayiti or Quisqueya) is an island in the Caribbean that is part of the Greater Antilles. Hispaniola is the most populous island in the West Indies, and th ...

. The Windward and

Leeward Islands french: Îles-Sous-le-Vent , image_name = , image_caption = ''Political'' Leeward Islands. Clockwise: Antigua and Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Saint kitts and Nevis. , image_alt = , locator_map = , location = Caribbean SeaNorth Atlantic Ocean , coor ...

have the fewest. The palm flora of Trinidad and Tobago consists primarily of species with a South American distribution. Three genera of palm are endemic to the Greater Antilles: ''

Calyptronoma ''Calyptronoma'' is a genus in the palm family, native to the Greater Antilles. They have pinnately compound leaves with short petioles. The name was coined by August Grisebach who first described the genus in his 1846 ''Flora of the British ...

'', '' Hemithrinax'' and ''

Zombia ''Zombia antillarum'', commonly known as the zombie palm, is a species of palm tree and the only member of the genus ''Zombia''. It is endemic to the island of Hispaniola (both the Dominican Republic and Haiti) in the Greater Antilles. Usually ...

''. Although nearly ubiquitous in the region, the

coconut The coconut tree (''Cocos nucifera'') is a member of the palm tree family ( Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus ''Cocos''. The term "coconut" (or the archaic "cocoanut") can refer to the whole coconut palm, the seed, or the ...

(''Cocos nucifera'') is not native to the Caribbean. The Caribbean species in the genus ''

Copernicia ''Copernicia'' is a genus of palms native to South America and the Greater Antilles. Of the known species and nothospecies ( hybrids), 22 of the 27 are endemic to Cuba. They are fan palms (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), with the leaves with a bare ...

'' are all Greater Antillean endemics; two species are restricted to Hispaniola, while the others are restricted to Cuba.

Genera

Nomenclature follows the

section of the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.

''Acoelorraphe''

''Acoelorraphe'' is a monotypic genus which is distributed around the margins of the Caribbean Sea, from Florida to San Andrés and Providencia, Colombian islands in the western Caribbean. The tree is a slender fan palm growing up to 7 metres (23 ft) tall, usually with many stems clustered together. ''Acoelorraphe'' is a sister genus to '' Serenoa'' (Saw Palmetto), which is endemic to the southeastern United States. The species usually grows in low-lying areas near sea level, often in flooded woodlands or thickets in savannas. * '' Acoelorraphe wrightii'': Bahamas ( Andros, Eleuthera,

New Providence New Providence is the most populous island in the Bahamas, containing more than 70% of the total population. It is the location of the national capital city of Nassau, whose boundaries are coincident with the island; it had a population of 246 ...

), Cuba (west Cuba and Isle of Youth), San Andrés and Providencia (Colombia); also present on the Caribbean coastal areas of south Florida, Mexico, Belize, Nicaragua and

Costa Rica Costa Rica (, ; ; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( es, República de Costa Rica), is a country in the Central American region of North America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the no ...

''Acrocomia''

'' Acrocomia'' is a genus of spiny palms found throughout the Neotropics, from Mexico to Argentina and throughout the Caribbean. Since it covers such a large range and is highly variable, as many as 40 species have been described in this genus. Most authors recognise only three species, ''A. aculeata'', ''A. crispa'' and '' A. hassleri'', but others considers ''A. media'' to be distinct from ''A. aculeata''. Caribbean species have single, spiny stems 4–18 metres (13–59 ft) tall. * '' Acrocomia aculeata'': Cuba, Dominican Republic,

Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and ...

, Jamaica,

, Windward Islands and Trinidad and Tobago (also Mexico,

Central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

and South America). * '' Acrocomia crispa'': Cuba; until recently this species was considered to belong to a monotypic genus, ''Gastrococos''. * '' Acrocomia media'': Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.

''Aiphanes''

Aiphanes ''Aiphanes'' is a genus of spiny palms which is native to tropical regions of South and Central America and the Caribbean.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families There are about 26 species in the genus (see below), ranging in size fr ...

'' is a genus of small to medium-sized spiny palms. Caribbean species have solitary stems and are 3 to 18 metres (10 to 59 ft) tall. Most of the 23 species of ''Aiphanes'' are found in the Andes; two species occur in the Caribbean, including ''A. minima'', which is endemic to the region. Although many sources (''e.g.'', Henderson ''et al.'' 1995) consider the name ''A. aculeata'' to have precedence over ''A. horrida'', in keeping with the nomenclature of the World checklist, the latter name is used. * '' Aiphanes horrida'': Trinidad (also tropical South America). * '' Aiphanes minima'': Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Martinique, Dominica,

Saint Lucia Saint Lucia ( acf, Sent Lisi, french: Sainte-Lucie) is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean. The island was previously called Iouanalao and later Hewanorra, names given by the native Arawaks and Caribs, two Amerindian ...

, Saint Vincent, Barbados and

Grenada Grenada ( ; Grenadian Creole French: ) is an island country in the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea at the southern end of the Grenadines island chain. Grenada consists of the island of Grenada itself, two smaller islands, Carriacou and Pe ...

''Astrocaryum''

Astrocaryum ''Astrocaryum'' is a genus of about 36 to 40 species of palms native to Central and South America and Trinidad. Description ''Astrocaryum'' is a genus of spiny palms with pinnately compound leaves–rows of leaflets emerge on either side of th ...

'' is a genus of spiny palms native to Mexico, Trinidad, Central and South America; the sharp, flattened spines that cover the trunk can be up to 30 cm (12 inches) long. The Caribbean species has solitary stems, 8 to 20 metres (26 to 66 ft) tall. There are about 36 species in the genus. One of them, ''A. aculeatum'', occurs in the insular Caribbean, while four others are found in the wider Caribbean: ''

Astrocaryum alatum ''Astrocaryum alatum'' is a species of palm with edible nuts, a flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is a common species found many types of rainforests and swamps in Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama. It is locally known as t ...

'' on the Caribbean coast from Panama to Nicaragua, '' A. confertum'' on the Caribbean coast of Panama and Costa Rica, '' A. mexicanum'' along the Caribbean coast from Mexico to Nicaragua, and '' A. standleyanum'' on the Caribbean coast of Panama. * ''

Astrocaryum aculeatum ''Astrocaryum aculeatum'' (known in Brazilian Portuguese as ''tucumã'', ''acaiúra'', ''acuiuru'', ''coco-tucumã'', ''tucum'', ''tucumã-açu'', ''tucumã-macaw'', ''tucum-açu'', ''tucumaí-da-terra-firme'', ''tucumãí-uaçu'', ''tucumã-pirir ...

'': Trinidad (also tropical South America).

''Attalea''

'' Attalea'' is a large genus which includes some of the largest Neotropical palms. Three of the 67 species are present in the insular Caribbean, but two of these are restricted to Trinidad and Tobago which is on the

continental shelf A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea. Much of these shelves were exposed by drops in sea level during glacial periods. The shelf surrounding an island ...

. The third species, ''A. crassispantha'', is endemic to southwest Haiti; due to its very small population size, it is classified as a critically endangered species Three other species occur in the wider Caribbean: '' Attalea allenii'' along the Caribbean coast of Panama and Colombia, '' A. cohune'' on the Caribbean coast from Mexico to Nicaragua and '' A. iguadummat'' on the Caribbean coast of Panama. * ''

Attalea crassispatha ''Attalea crassispatha'' is a palm which is endemic to southwest Haiti. The most geographically isolated member of the genus, it is considered a critically endangered species and has been called one of the rarest palms in the Americas. Descrip ...

'': southwest Haiti. * ''

Attalea maripa ''Attalea maripa'', commonly called maripa palm is a palm native to tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago. It grows up tall and can have leaves or fronds long. This plant has a yellow edible fruit which is oblong ovoid and cream. An e ...

'': Trinidad (also tropical South America). * ''

Attalea osmantha ''Attalea osmantha'' (considered a synonym of the more widespread ''Attalea butyracea'' by some authors) is a large pinnately leaved palm found in Trinidad and Tobago and northern Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Repub ...

'': Trinidad and Tobago (also northern Venezuela).

''Bactris''

'' Bactris'' is a genus of palms which is found from southern Mexico to northern Paraguay. It is one of the largest and most diverse palm genera in the neotropics. Most species are medium-sized spiny palms with clustered stems. Most of the species present in the Caribbean are spiny trees 1 to 10 metres (3 to 33 ft) tall with clustered stems and pinnate leaves; ''B simplicifrons'' is smaller (0.5–2 m) and often has simple leaves and no spines. Seven of the 75 species in the genus ''Bactris'' occur in the insular Caribbean. Three species - ''B. cubensis'', ''B. jamaicana'' and ''B. plumeriana'' are Greater Antillean endemics, while the other four are South American species which extend north into Trinidad and Tobago. Salzman and Judd consider the three Greater Antillean species of ''Bactris'' to form a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

with ''B. plumeriana'' and ''B. jamaicana'' as sister species. Fifteen other species occur in the wider Caribbean: ''

Bactris barronis ''Bactris'' is a genus of spiny palms which are native to Mexico, South and Central America and the Caribbean. Most species are small trees about tall, but some are large trees while others are shrubs with subterranean stems. They have simple o ...

'' on the Caribbean coast of Panama and Colombia, '' B. caudata'' on the Caribbean coast from Nicaragua to Panama, '' B. charnleyae'' on the Caribbean coast of Panama, '' B. coloniata'' on the Caribbean coast of Panama, '' B. coloradonis'' on the Caribbean coast from Costa Rica to Colombia, '' B. gasipaes'' on the Caribbean coast from Mexico to Venezuela, '' B. glandulosa'' on the Caribbean coast from Costa Rica, to Colombia, '' B. gracilor'' on the Caribbean coast from Nicaragua, to Panama, '' B. grayumi'' on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, '' B. guineensis'' on the Caribbean coast of Colombia and Venezuela, '' B. hondurensis'' along the Caribbean coast from

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...

to Colombia, '' B. maraja'' along the Caribbean coast from Costa Rica to Colombia, '' B. mexicana'' along the Caribbean coast from Belize to Nicaragua, '' B. militaris'' along the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica and '' B. panamensis'' along the Caribbean coast of Panama. * '' Bactris campestris'': Trinidad and Tobago (also tropical South America). * ''

Bactris cubensis ''Bactris cubensis'' is a species of palm endemic to the Nipe-Baracoa Massif and eastern Sierra Maestra in eastern Cuba at elevations between 40 and 700 metres above sea level Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average ...

'': eastern Cuba. * ''

Bactris jamaicana ''Bactris jamaicana'' is a spiny palm which grows in multi-stemmed clumps. It is endemic to Jamaica. Description ''Bactris jamaicana'' is a spiny palm with pinnately-compound leaves which grows in multi-stemmed clumps. These clumps usually c ...

'': Jamaica. * ''

Bactris major ''Bactris major'' is a small to medium-sized (1–10 m tall) spiny palm which ranges from Mexico, through Central America into northern South America and Trinidad. The species is divided into three or four varieties, although the boundaries be ...

'': Trinidad and Tobago (also Mexico to tropical South America). * ''

Bactris plumeriana ''Bactris plumeriana'' is a species of palm endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a ...

'':

. * ''

Bactris setulosa ''Bactris setulosa'' ('' syn.'' ''Bactris cuvaro'' H.Karst., ''Bactris cuesa'' Crueg. ex Griseb., ''Bactris falcata'' J.R.Johnst., ''Bactris sworderiana'' Becc., ''Bactris kalbreyeri'' Burret, ''Bactris circularis'' L.H.Bailey, ''Bactris berganti ...

'': Trinidad and Tobago (also Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). * ''

Bactris simplicifrons ''Bactris simplicifrons'' is a small (0.5–2 m tall, 0.3–1 cm in diameter) palm which is found in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Unlike most other species of '' Bactris ...

'': Trinidad and Tobago (also tropical South America).

''Calyptronoma''

Palms in the genus ''

'' have pinnately compound leaves and large, solitary stems 4 to 15 metres (13 to 49 ft) tall. The genus is endemic to the Greater Antilles, inhabiting wet areas near streams. ''Calyptronoma'' is closely related to the Central American genus ''

Calyptrogyne ''Calyptrogyne'' is a genus in the palm family (Arecaceae). The distribution of this genus is Central America, Colombia, and southern Mexico, with 11 of the 17 known species endemic to Panama. ''Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana'' is the most widespr ...

''. * ''

Calyptronoma occidentalis ''Calyptronoma occidentalis'' is a pinnately compound leaved palm species which is endemic to Jamaica. ''C. occidentalis'' stems grow singly and reach heights of 7–12 m, with stems 17–20 cm in diameter. It grows in waterlogged areas ...

'': Jamaica. * ''

Calyptronoma plumeriana ''Calyptronoma plumeriana'' is a pinnately compound leaved palm species which is native to Cuba and Hispaniola (both Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Description ''C. plumeriana'' stems grow singly and reach heights of 4–10 m, with stems 10 ...

'': Cuba and Hispaniola. * ''

Calyptronoma rivalis ''Calyptronoma rivalis'' is a pinnately compound leaved palm species that is native to the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola (in both Haiti and the Dominican Republic) and Puerto Rico. Its common names include palma de manaca and Puerto Rican mana ...

'': Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.

''Coccothrinax''

'' Coccothrinax'' is a genus of fan palms found throughout the Caribbean and in adjacent parts of southern Florida and Mexico. Most species are small to medium-sized, with maximum heights between 5 and 15 metres (17 and 49 ft). Only one of the 55 species, '' C. readii'', is absent from the insular Caribbean. Two species, ''C. argentata'' and ''C. barbadensis'', are widespread, while most of the others are restricted to Cuba and Hispaniola. *'' Coccothrinax acuminata'': Cuba. *'' Coccothrinax acunana'': Pico Turquino, Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax alexandri'': east Cuba. * ''

Coccothrinax alta ''Coccothrinax alta'' (also known in Puerto Rican Spanish as palma plateada or palma de abanico, or in the Virgin Islands as Tyre palm) is a palm which is native to Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Taxonony George Proctor (in Acevedo-Ro ...

'': Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. * ''

Coccothrinax argentata ''Coccothrinax argentata'', commonly called the Florida silver palm, is a species of palm tree. It is native to south Florida, southeast Mexico, Colombia and to the West Indies, where it is found in the Bahamas, the southwest Caribbean and the ...

'': Bahamas,

Florida Keys The Florida Keys are a coral cay archipelago located off the southern coast of Florida, forming the southernmost part of the continental United States. They begin at the southeastern coast of the Florida peninsula, about south of Miami, and e ...

and San Andrés Island (also south Florida and southeast Mexico). * ''

Coccothrinax argentea ''Coccothrinax argentea'' is a palm which is endemic to Hispaniola. This species is frequently confused with '' Coccothrinax argentata''. Description It is a medium-sized palm (growing about 10 m tall. Leaves are dark green above and silver ...

'': Haiti and the Dominican Republic. * '' Coccothrinax baracoensis'': southeast Cuba. * ''

Coccothrinax barbadensis ''Coccothrinax barbadensis'' (latanier, latanier balai) is a palm found in the Lesser Antilles (and Trinidad and Tobago). Like other members of the genus ''Coccothrinax'', ''C. barbadensis'' is a fan palm. The leaves are widely used to thatch ...

'': Leeward Islands, Windward Islands,

Netherlands Antilles nl, In vrijheid verenigd"Unified by freedom" , national_anthem = , common_languages = Dutch English Papiamento , demonym = Netherlands Antillean , capital = Willemstad , year_start = 1954 , year_end = 2010 , date_start = 15 December , ...

and Trinidad and Tobago. * '' Coccothrinax bermudezii'': southeast Cuba. * ''

Coccothrinax borhidiana ''Coccothrinax borhidiana'' (guano, Borhidi's guano palm) is a palm which is endemic to Matanzas Province in Cuba. Like other members of the genus, ''C. borhidiana'' is a fan palm. ''Coccothrinax borhidiana'' is restricted to an area of less th ...

'':

Matanzas Province Matanzas () is one of the provinces of Cuba. Major towns in the province include Cárdenas, Colón, Jovellanos and the capital of the same name, Matanzas. The resort town of Varadero is also located in this province. Among Cuban provinces, ...

, Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax boschiana'': Dominican Republic. * '' Coccothrinax camagueyana'': east central Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax clarensis'': east Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax concolor'': Haiti. * '' Coccothrinax crinita'': Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax cupularis'': south Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax ekmanii'': Haiti and the Dominican Republic. * '' Coccothrinax elegans'': Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax fagildei'': Cuba. * ''

Coccothrinax fragrans ''Coccothrinax fragrans'' is a palm which is native to eastern Cuba and Hispaniola. Information Henderson and colleagues (1995) considered ''C. fragrans'' to be a synonym of ''Coccothrinax argentata''. Description ''Coccothrinax fragrans'' ha ...

Coccothrinax proctorii ''Coccothrinax proctorii'', the Cayman thatch palm or Proctor's silver palm, is a palm which is endemic to the Cayman Islands. Henderson and colleagues (1995) considered ''C. proctorii'' to be a synonym of '' Coccothrinax argentata''. Descri ...

'':

Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands () is a self-governing British Overseas Territory—the largest by population in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, which are located to the ...

. * '' Coccothrinax pseudorigida'': east central Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax pumila'': Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax rigida'': east Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax salvatoris'': east and east central Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax saxicola'': east Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax scoparia'': Haiti. *''

Coccothrinax spirituana ''Coccothrinax spirituana'' is a fan palm which is palm endemic to central Cuba. Populations have been found in Sancti Spíritus and Ciego de Ávila provinces. Its leaves are ash-grey in colour on their upper and lower surfaces, a characteristic ...

'': Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax spissa'': Haiti and the Dominican Republic. * '' Coccothrinax torrida'': Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax trinitensis'': east central Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax victorini'': east Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax yunquensis'': south Cuba. * '' Coccothrinax yuraguana'': west Cuba.

''Colpothrinax''

'' Colpothrinax'' is a genus of solitary-stemmed pinnate-leaved palms native to Central America and the

. There are three species of ''Colpothrinax'': '' C. aphanopetala'' and '' C. cookii'' which are restricted to Central America, and ''C. wrightii'' which is a Cuban endemic. * ''

Colpothrinax wrightii ''Colpothrinax wrightii'', the palma barrigona, is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is endemism, endemic to Cuba. References

Colpothrinax, wrightii Endemic flora of Cuba Vulnerable plants Taxonomy articles create ...

'': southwest Cuba including the Isle of Youth.

''Copernicia''

'' is a moderately large genus of spiny, fan palms found in the Caribbean and South America. The Caribbean species are all Greater Antillean endemics; two species are restricted to Hispaniola, while the others are restricted to Cuba. Three species are absent from the insular Caribbean: '' C. alba'' and '' C. prunifera'', which are found in South America away from the Caribbean, and '' C. tectorum'' which is found in northern Venezuela and along the Caribbean coast of

. * '' Copernicia baileyana'': east and central Cuba. * ''

Copernicia berteroana ''Copernicia berteroana'' (dyaré, yarey) is a palm which is endemic to Hispaniola; it is also reported from Curaçao and Venezuela, but it is probably naturalized there. Description Like other members of this genus, ''C. berteroana'' is a fan ...

'': Haiti and the Dominican Republic. * ''

Copernicia brittonorum ''Copernicia brittonorum'' is a palm which is endemic to western and west central Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla d ...

'': west and west central Cuba. * '' Copernicia × burretiana'': Cuba. * ''

Copernicia cowellii ''Copernicia cowellii'' is a palm which is endemic to Camagüey Province Camagüey () is the largest of the provinces of Cuba. Its capital is Camagüey. Other towns include Florida and Nuevitas. Geography Camagüey is mostly low lying, with ...

'': Camagüey Province, Cuba. * ''

Copernicia curbeloi ''Copernicia curbeloi'' is a palm which is endemic to Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several mi ...

'': Cuba. * ''

Copernicia curtissii ''Copernicia curtissii'' is a palm which is endemic to Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several m ...

'': Cuba. * ''

Copernicia ekmanii ''Copernicia ekmanii'' is a palm which is endemic to northern Haiti Haiti (; ht, Ayiti ; French: ), officially the Republic of Haiti (); ) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater An ...

'': northern Haiti. * '' Copernicia × escarzana'': Cuba. * ''

Copernicia fallaensis ''Copernicia fallaensis'' is a palm which is endemic to Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several ...

'': Cuba. * ''

Copernicia gigas ''Copernicia gigas'' is a palm which is endemic to eastern Cuba. References gigas Gigas may refer to: * Gigas, one of the Gigantes (Giants) in Greek mythology * Gigas (company), a Spanish cloud services company * ''Codex Gigas'', a medieval ...

'': east Cuba. * '' Copernicia glabrescens'': west and west central Cuba. * '' Copernicia hospita'': Cuba. * '' Copernicia humicola'': Cuba. * '' Copernicia longiglossa'': east Cuba. * ''

Copernicia macroglossa ''Copernicia macroglossa'' is a palm endemic to western and central Cuba. Range and biodiversity ''Copernicia macroglossa'' is a palm endemic to Cuba and thrives on th ...

'': west and central Cuba. * '' Copernicia molineti'': Cuba. * '' Copernicia × occidentalis'': Cuba. * '' Copernicia rigida'': east and central Cuba. * '' Copernicia roigii'': Cuba. * '' Copernicia × shaferi'': Cuba. * '' Copernicia × sueroana'': Cuba. * '' Copernicia × textilis'': Cuba. * '' Copernicia × vespertilionum'': Cuba. * '' Copernicia yarey'': Cuba.

''Desmoncus''

Desmoncus ''Desmoncus'' is a genus of mostly climbing, spiny palms native to the Neotropics. The genus extends from Mexico in the north to Brazil and Bolivia in the south, with two species present in the southeastern Caribbean (Trinidad and the Windwar ...

'' is a genus of spiny, scrambling, pinnate-leaved palms which range from Mexico in the north to

Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...

and Brazil in the south. Ten of the twelve species in have solely continental distributions. Two species are found on both the mainland and in the insular Caribbean. * '' Desmoncus orthacanthos'': Trinidad and Tobago (also tropical South America). * ''

Desmoncus polyacanthos ''Desmoncus polyacanthos'', the jacitara palm, is a spiny, climbing palm native to the southern Caribbean and tropical South America. Stems grow clustered together, and are 2–12 m long and 0.5–2 cm in diameter. Petioles, rachis, ...

'': Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago (also tropical South America).

''Euterpe''

Euterpe Euterpe (; el, Εὐτέρπη, lit=rejoicing well' or 'delight , from grc, εὖ, eû, well + el, τέρπειν, térpein, to please) was one of the Muses in Greek mythology, presiding over music. In late Classical times, she was named muse ...

'' consists of seven slender-stemmed, pinnate-leaved palms native to the Caribbean, Central and South America. The genus has been described as containing "the most beautiful American palms". Four of the seven species are restricted to South America away from the Caribbean, two are found in

and South America and the insular Caribbean, and ''E. broadwayi'' is endemic to the eastern Caribbean. * ''

Euterpe broadwayi ''Euterpe broadwayi'', the manac, or manicol, is a tall, slender-stemmed, pinnate-leaved palm native to Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Dominica. Stems usually grow in a cluster and are 8–20 metres tall and ...

'': Dominica,

, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago. * ''

Euterpe oleracea Euterpe (; el, Εὐτέρπη, lit=rejoicing well' or 'delight , from grc, εὖ, eû, well + el, τέρπειν, térpein, to please) was one of the Muses in Greek mythology, presiding over music. In late Classical times, she was named muse ...

'': Trinidad and Tobago (also tropical South America). * ''

Euterpe precatoria ''Euterpe precatoria'' is a tall, slender-stemmed, pinnate-leaved palm native to Central and South America and Trinidad and Tobago. ''E. precatoria'' is used commercially to produce fruits, although ''Euterpe oleracea'' is more commonly cultivate ...

'': Trinidad and Tobago (also Central and South America).

''Gaussia''

'' Gaussia'' is a genus of solitary, pinnate palms found in the Caribbean, northern Central America and southern Mexico. There are five species in the genus - three are endemic to the Greater Antilles, while '' G. gomez-pompae'' and '' G. maya'' are found in the Caribbean coastal region of Mexico, Belize and

Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...

. * ''

Gaussia attenuata ''Gaussia attenuata'' (palma de sierra, llume) is a palm which is native to Puerto Rico. The species grows on steep-sided limestone hills (known as mogotes) in Puerto Rico. Description ''Gaussia attenuata'' trees are up to 15 metres tall with g ...

'': Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. * '' Gaussia princeps'': western Cuba. * ''

Gaussia spirituana ''Gaussia spirituana'' is a palm which is endemic to the Sierra de Jatibonico in east-central Cuba. ''Gaussia spirituana'' stems are whitish, up to 7 metres tall. Stems are 30–35 centimetres in diameter, swollen at the base and tapering up ...

'':

Sierra de Jatibonico Sierra (Spanish for "mountain range" and "saw", from Latin '' serra'') may refer to the following: Places Mountains and mountain ranges * Sierra de Juárez, a mountain range in Baja California, Mexico * Sierra de las Nieves, a mountain range i ...

in east-central Cuba.

''Geonoma''

Geonoma ''Geonoma'' is a genus of small to medium-sized palms native to the forest understorey of tropical Central and South America. This palm genus is one of the largest in the Neotropics. Its 64 species are distributed from Mexico and Haiti in the ...

'' is a genus of small to medium-sized palms which grow in the forest understorey. The genus is one of the largest in the neotropics. The genus consists of 64 species, two of which are found in the insular Caribbean. Ten other species are found in the wider Caribbean: '' G. chococola'', '' G. concinna'', '' G. divisia'' and '' G. triandra'' are found on the Caribbean coast of Panama, '' G. congesta'' is found along the Caribbean coast from Honduras to Colombia, '' G. cuneata'' is found along the Caribbean coast from Nicaragua to Colombia, '' G. deversa'' is found along the Caribbean coast from Belize to Colombia, '' G. epetiolaris'' and '' G. longevaginata'' are found along the Caribbean coast from

to Panama and '' G. triandra'' is found along the Caribbean coast of Panama and Colombia. * ''

Geonoma interrupta ''Geonoma'' is a genus of small to medium-sized palms native to the forest understorey of tropical Central and South America. This palm genus is one of the largest in the Neotropics. Its 64 species are distributed from Mexico and Haiti ...

'': Haiti, Windward Islands and Trinidad and Tobago (also Mexico,

and South America). * ''

Geonoma undata ''Geonoma undata'' is a species of medium-sized palm tree native to North and South America. It grows in the understory of tropical forests at high altitudes. This species has highly variable traits depending on its geographic location and sever ...

'': Windward Islands (also Mexico, Central America and western tropical South America).

''Hemithrinax''

'' Hemithrinax'' is a genus of fan palms which are endemic to Cuba. Many authors include these species in the genus '' Thrinax''. * '' Hemithrinax compacta'': Cuba. * '' Hemithrinax rivularis'': Cuba.

''Leucothrinax''

Leucothrinax ''Leucothrinax morrisii'', the Key thatch palm, is a small palm which is native to the Greater Antilles (except Jamaica), northern Lesser Antilles, The Bahamas and Florida and the Florida Keys in the United States. Until 2008 it was known as ' ...

'' is a monotypic genus of fan palms which is native to the northern Caribbean. The species was split from the genus '' Thrinax'' after phylogenetic studies showed that its inclusion in ''Thrinax'' would render that genus

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

. * ''

Leucothrinax morrisii ''Leucothrinax morrisii'', the Key thatch palm, is a small palm which is native to the Greater Antilles (except Jamaica), northern Lesser Antilles, The Bahamas and Florida and the Florida Keys in the United States. Until 2008 it was known as ' ...

'': Florida Keys, Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Navassa Island and the Leeward Islands.

''Manicaria''

'' Manicaria'' is a genus of pinnate-leaved palms. One species, ''M. saccifera'' is found from Belize to Brazil and Peru, while the other ''M. martiana'' is found in southeastern Colombia and northern Brazil. * '' Manicaria saccifera'': Trinidad and Tobago (also tropical

and South America).

''Mauritia''

Mauritia ''Mauritia'' is a genus of fan palms which is native to northern South America and to the Island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. Only two species are currently accepted. References

Mauritia, Trees of South America Trees of Trinidad ...

'' is a genus of fan palms which is native to northern South America. One species has a wide distribution which extends into the insular Caribbean, while the other '' M. carana'' is restricted to the Amazon region. * '' Mauritia flexuosa'': Trinidad (also tropical South America).

''Oenocarpus''

Oenocarpus ''Oenocarpus'' is a genus of pinnate-leaved palms (Arecaceae) native to Trinidad, southern Central and tropical South America. (2004): World Checklist of Arecaceae &ndash''Oenocarpus'' The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Re ...

'' is a genus of pinnate-leaved palms found in

and South America. ''Oenocarpus bataua'' is found in Trinidad and along the Caribbean coast of Venezuela, while '' O. mapora'' is found on the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Panama. * ''

Oenocarpus bataua ''Oenocarpus bataua'', the patawa, sehe, hungurahua (Ecuador) or mingucha, is a palm tree native to the Amazon rainforest. The tree produces edible fruits rich in high-quality oil.Vallejo Rendón, Darío 2002. "Oenocarpus bataua, seje"; ''Colombi ...

'': Trinidad (also tropical Panama and South America).

''Prestoea''

Prestoea ''Prestoea'' is a genus of palms native to the Caribbean, Central and South America. Its range extends from Nicaragua and the Greater Antilles in the north to Brazil and Bolivia in the south. * ''Prestoea acuminata'' (Willd.) H.E.Moore - Centr ...

'' is a genus of pinnate-leaved palms found in

and South America and the Caribbean. It is closely related to the genus ''Euterpe''. Two species are found in the Caribbean - ''P. pubigera'' is found in Trinidad, and ''P. acuminata'' is found throughout most of the Caribbean. Four other species, '' P. decurrens'', '' P. ensiformis'', '' P. longipetiolata'' and '' P. pubens'' are found along the Caribbean coast of Central America. * ''

Prestoea acuminata ''Prestoea acuminata'' is a species of palm tree native to Central America, the West Indies and South America. It was formerly widely harvested in Ecuador for palmito. However, the palm is now uncommon due to overharvesting and is no longer com ...

'': Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Leeward Islands, Windward Islands and Trinidad and Tobago (also Central and South America). * ''

Prestoea pubigera ''Prestoea'' is a genus of palms native to the Caribbean, Central and South America. Its range extends from Nicaragua and the Greater Antilles in the north to Brazil and Bolivia in the south. * ''Prestoea acuminata'' (Willd.) H.E.Moore - Centr ...

'': Trinidad (also northwest Venezuela).

''Pseudophoenix''

'' Pseudophoenix'' is a genus of pinnate-leaved palms found throughout the Caribbean. Three species are endemic to the Greater Antilles, while the fourth, ''P. sargentii'', is widely distributed in the northern Caribbean and adjacent portions of the

and

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

n mainland. * '' Pseudophoenix ekmanii'': Dominican Republic. * ''

Pseudophoenix lediniana ''Pseudophoenix lediniana'' is a palm species endemic to the Tiburon Peninsula in southwestern Haiti. It is a medium-sized tree, 10–20 metres tall, with pinnately compound leaves A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendage ...

'': southwest Haiti. * ''

Pseudophoenix sargentii ''Pseudophoenix sargentii'', commonly known as the Florida cherry palm or buccaneer palm, is a medium-sized palm native to the northern Caribbean, eastern Mexico, and extreme southeast Florida in the United States. Description ''Pseudophoenix s ...

'': Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti,

, Puerto Rico, Navassa Island, Turks and Caicos Islands and the Windward Islands (also Mexico and Belize). * '' Pseudophoenix vinifera'': Haiti and southwest Dominican Republic.

''Reinhardtia''

'' Reinhardtia'' is a genus of simple or

palmate The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular o ...

-leaved palms found in the wider Caribbean, between Mexico and Colombia, with a single disjunct species which is endemic to Hispaniola. All species are small (1 to 6 metres to 20 fttall) and inhabit the forest understorey. * '' Reinhardtia paiewonskiana'': southwest Dominican Republic.

''Roystonea''

Roystonea ''Roystonea'' is a genus of eleven species of monoecious palms, native to the Caribbean Islands, and the adjacent coasts of the United States (Florida), Central America and northern South America. Commonly known as the royal palms, the genus wa ...

'' is a genus of pinnate-leaved palms which range from south Florida and Mexico south to Venezuela. Seven species are endemic to the Greater Antilles and the Virgin Islands - four of these are Cuban endemics. The only species which is absent from the insular Caribbean, '' R. dunlapiana'', is found on the Caribbean coast of Mexico,

and Nicaragua. * ''

Roystonea altissima ''Roystonea altissima'' is a species of palm which is endemic to hillsides and mountain slopes near the interior of Jamaica. The name ''altissima'' is Latin for "highest", however they are not the tallest species in the genus ''Roystonea''. Th ...

'': Jamaica. * ''

Roystonea borinquena ''Roystonea borinquena'', commonly called the Puerto Rico royal palm, (Spanish: ''palma real puertorriqueña'') is a species of palm which is native to Hispaniola (in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti), Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. ...

'': Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. * ''

Roystonea lenis ''Roystonea lenis'' is a species of palm which is endemic to Guantánamo Province in eastern Cuba. Description ''Roystonea lenis'' is a large palm which reaches heights of . Stems are grey-white and are usually in diameter. The upper port ...

'': east Cuba. * ''

Roystonea maisiana ''Roystonea maisiana'' is a species of palm which is endemic to the Maisí region of Guantánamo Province in eastern Cuba. Description ''Roystonea maisiana'' is a large palm which reaches heights of . Stems are grey-white and are usually , some ...

'': east Cuba. * ''

Roystonea oleracea ''Roystonea oleracea'', sometimes known as the Caribbean royal palm, palmiste, imperial palm or cabbage palm, is a species of palm which is native to the Lesser Antilles, Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago. It is also reportedly natural ...

'': Leeward Islands, Windward Islands and Trinidad and Tobago (also Venezuela and Colombia). * '' Roystonea princeps'': southwest Jamaica. * '' Roystonea regia'': Bahamas,

and Cuba (also Florida, Mexico and Central America). * '' Roystonea stellata'': east Cuba. * ''

Roystonea violacea ''Roystonea violacea'' is a species of palm which is endemic to the Maisí region of Guantánamo Province in eastern Cuba. Description ''Roystonea violacea'' is a large palm which reaches heights of . Stems are mauve-brown to mauve-grey and are ...

'': east Cuba.

''Sabal''

'' Sabal'' is a genus of fan palms. Six of the sixteen species are native to the insular Caribbean - three of which are endemic to the Greater Antilles and the Virgin Islands. A seventh species, '' S. bermudana'', is endemic to Bermuda. ''

Sabal etonia ''Sabal etonia'', commonly known as the scrub palmetto is a species of palm. It is native only to peninsular Florida in the United States, where it is found in Florida sand pine scrub communities. Description ''Sabal etonia'' is a fan palm with ...

'' and '' S. miamiensis'' are found along the Atlantic coast of Florida, '' S. gretheriae'' is found on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan, '' S. mexicana'' is found along the Caribbean coast of Mexico into south Texas, '' S. minor'' is found along the

Gulf Coast of the United States The Gulf Coast of the United States, also known as the Gulf South, is the coastline along the Southern United States where they meet the Gulf of Mexico. The coastal states that have a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico are Texas, Louisiana, Mississ ...

. * ''

Sabal causiarum ''Sabal causiarum'', commonly known as the Puerto Rico palmetto or Puerto Rican hat palm, is a species of Arecaceae, palm which is native to Hispaniola (in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti), Puerto Rico, and the British Virgin Islands. As it ...

'': Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. * ''

Sabal domingensis ''Sabal domingensis'', the Hispaniola palmetto, is a species of palm which is native to Hispaniola (in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti) and Cuba. Description ''Sabal domingensis'' is a fan palm with solitary, very stout stems, which grow ...

'': Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. * ''

Sabal maritima ''Sabal maritima'' is a species of palm which is native to Jamaica and Cuba. Description ''Sabal maritima'' is a fan palm with solitary, stout stems, which grows up to tall and in diameter. Plants have about 25 leaves, each with 70–110 leaf ...

'': Cuba and Jamaica. * ''

Sabal mauritiiformis ''Sabal mauritiiformis'' (commonly known as the Savannah palm) is a species of palm which is ranges from Mexico ( Oaxaca, Chiapas, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz), Central America, Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad. Description ...

'': Trinidad (also Mexico to Venezuela). * '' Sabal palmetto'': Bahamas, Cuba and Turks and Caicos Islands (also southeast United States). * ''

Sabal yapa ''Sabal yapa'' is a species of palm. It grows in Belize, Guatemala, western Cuba, and the Yucatan Peninsula region of Mexico (Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo). It prefers limestone-based calcareous Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mo ...

'': western Cuba (also Mexico and Belize).

''Syagrus''

'' Syagrus'' is a genus of primarily South American palms. Thirty of the thirty-one species are South American; the other, ''S. amara'', is endemic to the Lesser Antilles. One species, '' S. orinocensis'' is found on the Caribbean coast of Venezuela. * ''

Syagrus amara Syagrus may refer to: *Syagrus (legendary poet), a legendary Greek oral poet *Syagrus (plant) ''Syagrus'' is a genus of Arecaceae (palms), native to South America, with one species endemic to the Lesser Antilles. The genus is closely related t ...

'':

Montserrat Montserrat ( ) is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. It is part of the Leeward Islands, the northern portion of the Lesser Antilles chain of the West Indies. Montserrat is about long and wide, with r ...

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the ...

Dominica Dominica ( or ; Kalinago: ; french: Dominique; Dominican Creole French: ), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. It is geographically ...

, Martinique and

; coastal areas below 300 m.

''Thrinax''

'' Thrinax'' is a genus of fan palms. Three of the four species of are endemic to the insular Caribbean, while the fourth occurs in the insular Caribbean and in Florida, Mexico and Central America. Three species are single-island endemics - two to Jamaica and one to Cuba. * ''

Thrinax ekmaniana ''Hemithrinax ekmaniana'' is a palm which is endemic to Cuba. Only a single population of less than 100 mature individuals remains in the wild. Distribution and habitat It is an endemic palm of Mogotes de Jumagua in northern Cuba. This palm sur ...

'': Cuba. * '' Thrinax excelsa'': Jamaica. * '' Thrinax parviflora'': Jamaica. * '' Thrinax radiata'': Bahamas,

, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Navassa Island (also Florida, Mexico and Central America).

''Zombia''

'' is a monotypic genus of fan palms which is endemic to Hispaniola. Individuals are up to 3 m (10 ft) tall and grow in dry, hilly regions. It is restricted to

serpentine soil Serpentine soil is an uncommon soil type produced by weathered ultramafic rock such as peridotite and its metamorphic derivatives such as serpentinite. More precisely, serpentine soil contains minerals of the serpentine subgroup, especially anti ...

s, at least in the Dominican Republic. * '' Zombia antillarum'': Dominican Republic and Haiti.

References

{{Featured list Palm of the Caribbean

Palms

Genera

''Acoelorraphe''

''Acrocomia''

''Aiphanes''

''Astrocaryum''

''Attalea''

''Bactris''

''Calyptronoma''

''Coccothrinax''

''Colpothrinax''

''Copernicia''

''Desmoncus''

''Euterpe''

''Gaussia''

''Geonoma''

''Hemithrinax''

''Leucothrinax''

''Manicaria''

''Mauritia''

''Oenocarpus''

''Prestoea''

''Pseudophoenix''

''Reinhardtia''

''Roystonea''

''Sabal''

''Syagrus''

''Thrinax''

''Zombia''

See also

References