Fractures
Fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displa ...
Barton's fracture
A Barton's fracture is a type of wrist injury where there is a broken bone associated with a dislocated bone in the wrist, typically occurring after falling on top of a bent wrist. It is an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with disloc ...
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Bennett's fracture
Bennett fracture is a type of partial broken finger involving the base of the thumb, and extends into the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.
Treatment typically requires surgery.
This intra-articular fracture is the most common type of fracture ...
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Boxer's fracture
A boxer's fracture is the break of the 5th metacarpal bones of the hand near the knuckle. Occasionally it is used to refer to fractures of the 4th metacarpal as well. Symptoms include pain and a depressed knuckle.
Classically, it occurs after ...
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Bumper fracture
A bumper fracture is a fracture of the lateral tibial plateau caused by the bumper of a car coming into contact with the outer side of the knee when a person is standing.
Specifically, it is caused by a forced valgus applied to the knee. This ...
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Burst fracture
A burst fracture is a type of traumatic spinal injury in which a vertebra breaks from a high-energy axial load (e.g., traffic collisions or falls from a great height or high speed, and some kinds of seizures), with shards of vertebra penetrating s ...
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Bosworth fracture
The Bosworth fracture is a rare fracture of the distal fibula with an associated fixed posterior dislocation of the proximal fibular fragment which becomes trapped behind the posterior tibial tubercle. The injury is caused by severe external rota ...
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Chance fracture
A Chance fracture is a type of vertebral fracture that results from excessive flexion of the spine. Symptoms may include abdominal bruising ( seat belt sign), or less commonly paralysis of the legs. In around half of cases there is an associated ...
Colles' fracture
A Colles' fracture is a type of fracture of the distal forearm in which the broken end of the radius is bent backwards. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, deformity, and bruising. Complications may include damage to the median nerve.
It typi ...
Duverney fracture
Duverney fractures are isolated pelvic fractures involving only the iliac wing. They are caused by direct trauma to the iliac wing, and are generally stable fractures as they do not disrupt the weight bearing pelvic ring.
The fracture is named af ...
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Essex-Lopresti fracture
The Essex-Lopresti fracture is a fracture of the radial head of the forearm with concomitant dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint along with disruption of the thin interosseous membrane which holds them together.Galeazzi fracture
The Galeazzi fracture is a fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. It classically involves an isolated fracture of the junction of the distal third and middle third of the radius with associated ...
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Gosselin fracture
The Gosselin fracture is a V-shaped fracture of the distal tibia which extends into the ankle joint and fractures the tibial plafond into anterior and posterior fragments.
The fracture was described by Leon Athanese Gosselin, chief of surgery at ...
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Hangman's fracture
Hangman's fracture is the colloquial name given to a fracture of both pedicles, or '' partes interarticulares'', of the ''axis vertebra'' ( C2).
Causes
The injury mainly occurs from falls, usually in elderly adults, and motor accidents mainly d ...
Holdsworth fracture
In medicine the Holdsworth fracture is an unstable fracture dislocation of the thoraco lumbar junction of the spine. The injury comprises a fracture through a vertebral body, rupture of the posterior spinal ligaments and fractures of the facet j ...
Hoffa fracture
A Hoffa fracture is an intra-articular supracondylar distal femoral fracture, characterized by a fracture in the coronal plane.
It is named for Albert Hoffa
Albert Hoffa (31 March 1859 – 31 December 1907) was a German surgeon, orthopedist ...
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Hume fracture
The Hume fracture is an injury of the elbow comprising a fracture of the olecranon with an associated anterior dislocation of the radial head which occurs in children. It was originally described as an undisplaced olecranon fracture, but more r ...
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Jefferson fracture
A Jefferson fracture is a bone fracture of the anterior and posterior arches of the C1 vertebra, though it may also appear as a three- or two-part fracture. The fracture may result from an axial load on the back of the head or hyperextension of ...
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Jones fracture
A Jones fracture is a Fracture (bone), broken bone in a specific part of the fifth metatarsal of the foot between the epiphysis, base and diaphysis, middle part that is known for its high rate of delayed healing or nonunion. It results in pain ne ...
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Lisfranc fracture
A Lisfranc injury, also known as Lisfranc fracture, is an injury of the foot in which one or more of the metatarsal bones are displaced from the tarsus.
The injury is named after Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin, a French surgeon and gynecologi ...
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March fracture
March fracture, is the fracture of the distal third of one of the metatarsals occurring because of recurrent stress. It is more common in soldiers, but also occurs in hikers, organists, and people whose duties entail much standing (such as hospit ...
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Maisonneuve fracture
The Maisonneuve fracture is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane. There is an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of th ...
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Malgaigne's fracture
A Malgaigne fracture is vertical pelvic fracture with bilateral sacroiliac dislocation and fracture of the pubic rami.
It is named for Joseph-François Malgaigne
Joseph-François Malgaigne (14 February 1806 – 17 October 1865) was a French sur ...
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Monteggia fracture
The Monteggia fracture is a fracture (bone), fracture of the Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal, proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of the proximal head of radius, head of the radius. It is named after Giovanni Battista Mont ...
Pilon fracture
A pilon fracture, is a fracture of the distal part of the tibia, involving its articular surface at the ankle joint. Pilon fractures are caused by rotational or axial forces, mostly as a result of falls from a height or motor vehicle accidents. ...
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Pipkin fracture-dislocation
A pipkin is an earthenware cooking pot used for cooking over direct heat from coals or a wood fire. They were not held in direct flame which would crack the ceramic. It has a handle and many (though not all) examples had three feet. Late mediev ...
Rolando fracture
The Rolando fracture is a type of broken finger involving the base of the thumb.
It is an intra-articular fracture.
It was first described in 1910 by Silvio Rolando.Rolando S. Fracture de la base du premier metacarpien et principalement sur un ...
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Segond fracture
The Segond fracture is a type of avulsion fracture (soft tissue structures pulling off fragments of their bony attachment) from the lateral tibial plateau of the knee, immediately below the articular surface of the tibia (see photo).
Clinical ...
Smith's fracture
A Smith's fracture, is a fracture of the distal radius.
Although it can also be caused by a direct blow to the dorsal forearm or by a fall with the wrist flexed, the most common mechanism of injury for Smith's fracture occurs in a palmar fall w ...
Tillaux-Chaput avulsion fracture
A Tillaux fracture is a Salter–Harris type III fracture through the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis. It occurs in older adolescents between the ages of 12 and 15 when the medial epiphysis had closed but before the lateral ...
Danis–Weber classification
The Danis–Weber classification (often known just as the Weber classification) is a method of describing ankle fractures. It has three categories:
;Type A
Fracture of the fibula distal to the syndesmosis (the connection between the distal ends ...
Frykman classification
Frykman classification is a system of categorizing Colles' fractures. In the Frykman classification system there are four types of fractures.
Classification
Though the Frykman classification system has traditionally been used, there is little valu ...
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Garden classification
The Garden classification is a system of categorizing intracapsular fracture, intracapsular hip fractures of the femoral neck. This fracture often disrupt the blood supply to the femoral head.
British orthopaedic surgeon described a classificatio ...
Gruen zone
After hip replacement, hip prosthesis zones are regions in the interface between prosthesis material and the surrounding bone. These are used as reference regions when describing for example complications including hip prosthesis loosening on med ...
Haruguchi classification
The Haraguchi classification is a system of categorizing posterior malleolus fractures.
Classification
References
{{reflist
Ankle fracture classifications
Injuries of ankle and foot ...
Herbert classification
The Herbert classification is a system of categorizing scaphoid fracture
A scaphoid fracture is a break of the scaphoid bone in the wrist. Symptoms generally includes pain at the base of the thumb which is worse with use of the hand. The anatom ...
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Herscovici classification
The Herscovici classification is a system of categorizing medial malleolus fractures of the distal tibia based on level.
__TOC__ Classification
{, class="wikitable"
, -
! Type
! Description
, -
, A
, Avulsion fracture of the anterior collic ...
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Ideberg classification The Ideberg classification is a system of categorizing scapula fractures involving the glenoid fossa
The glenoid fossa of the scapula or the glenoid cavity is a bone part of the shoulder. The word ''glenoid'' is pronounced or (both are common) ...
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Jupiter and Mehne classification
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, but slightly less than one-thousandth th ...
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Lauge-Hansen classification
The Lauge-Hansen classification is a system of categorizing ankle fractures based on the foot position and the force applied.
__TOC__ Classification
See also
* Danis–Weber classification
The Danis–Weber classification (often known just as t ...
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Le Fort fracture of skull
A Le Fort fracture of the skull is a classic transfacial fracture of the midface, involving the maxillary bone and surrounding structures in either a horizontal, pyramidal or transverse direction. The hallmark of Lefort fractures is traumatic ''pte ...
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Loder classification Loder is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Andrew Loder (1826–1900), Australian politician
* Anne Marie Loder (born 1969), Canadian actress
* Benjamin Loder (1801–1876), American businessman and railroad executive
* Berna ...
Neer classification
Neer is a village in Limburg, Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Leudal, on the river Maas about 8 km north of Roermond.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1204 as Nere, and refers to the brook Neerbeek. Neer develo ...
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Pipkin classification
Femoral head fractures are very rare fractures of the upper end (femoral head) of the thigh bone (femur). They are a very rare kind of hip fracture that may be the result of a fall like most hip fractures but are more commonly caused by more violen ...
Salter–Harris fracture
A Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate (growth plate) of a bone, specifically the zone of provisional calcification. It is thus a form of child bone fracture. It is a common injury found in children, occurring ...
Tile classification
The Tile classification is a system of categorizing pelvic fractures based on fracture pattern, allowing judgment on the stability of the pelvic ring.
Classification
See also
* Young-Burgess classification
References
{{reflist
Pelvic fractu ...
Sanders classification
The Sanders classification is a system of categorizing intra-articular calcaneal fractures based on the number of articular fragments seen on the coronal CT image at the widest point of the posterior facet.
Classification
See also
* Foot ...
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Seddon classification Seddon may refer to:
People
* Seddon (surname)
Places Australia
* Hundred of Seddon, a cadastral unit in South Australia
** Seddon Conservation Park, a protected area in South Australia
** Seddon, South Australia, a locality
* Seddon, Vict ...
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Seinsheimer classification The Seinsheimer classification is a system of categorizing subtrochanteric hip fractures based on the fracture pattern of the proximal femoral shaft. The classification was developed by Frank Seinsheimer III in 1978. In the published work, fifty- ...
Teisen classification
Teisen classification is a system of categorizing fractures of the lunate bone
The lunate bone (semilunar bone) is a carpal bone in the human hand. It is distinguished by its deep concavity and crescentic outline. It is situated in the center o ...
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Tscherne classification The Tscherne classification is a system of categorization of soft tissue injuries.
Classification
Reliability
The intraobserver (observations at two different times by the same person) agreement for Tscherne classification is 85%; while for int ...
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Thompson and Epstein classification The Thompson and Epstein classification is a system of categorizing posterior fracture/dislocations of the hip.
Classification
See also
* Acetabular fracture
References
Hip fracture classifications
{{Orthopedics-stub ...
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Vancouver classification The Vancouver classification is a grading system used in orthopaedics to determine management of post-operative periprosthetic femoral fractures following a hip arthroplasty. It is named for the city Vancouver, home to the University of British C ...
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Wassel classification The Wassel classification is used to categorise radial polydactyly, based upon the most proximal
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from ...
Procedures
Procedure may refer to:
* Medical procedure
* Instructions or recipes, a set of commands that show how to achieve some result, such as to prepare or make something
* Procedure (business), specifying parts of a business process
* Standard opera ...
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Akin osteotomy
Akin may refer to:
People
*Akin (given name), a list of people
*Akin (surname), a list of people
*Akın, a list of people with the Turkish given name or surname
Places
*Akin, Illinois, a town in the United States
*Akin, Aksaray, a village in Ak ...
Broström procedure
The Broström operation (or Broström-Gould technique) is a repair of ligaments on lateral ankle. It is designed to address ankle instability. More importantly, it is primarily used to repair the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) in the ankle. ...
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Brunelli procedure
The Brunelli ProcedureA new surgical technique for carpal instability with scapho-lunar dislocation, G A Brunelli, G R Brunelli. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8519586/ is a surgical procedure that can be used to correct instability in the wrist. ...
Cunningham Shoulder Reduction
Cunningham shoulder reduction was originally published in 2003 and is an anatomically based method of shoulder reduction that utilizes positioning (analgesic position), voluntary scapular retraction, and bicipital massage. It is designed for tr ...
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Darrach's procedure
Darrach's procedure or distal ulna resection is a surgical technique for the surgical removal of the head of ulna. It is performed in cases of radial–ulnar
The ulna (''pl''. ulnae or ulnas) is a long bone found in the forearm that stretches ...
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Darrah procedure
Darrach's procedure or distal ulna resection is a surgical technique for the surgical removal of the head of ulna. It is performed in cases of radial
Radial is a geometric term of location which may refer to:
Mathematics and Direction
* Vecto ...
Kocher manoeuvre Kocher manoeuvre is a surgical manoeuvre to expose structures in the retroperitoneum behind the duodenum and pancreas. In vascular surgery, it is described as a method to expose the abdominal aorta. It usually has been in contrast with MLRRD (mi ...
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Krukenberg procedure
The Krukenberg procedure, also known as the Krukenberg operation, is a surgical technique that converts a forearm stump into a pincer. It was first described in 1917 by the German army surgeon Hermann Krukenberg. It remains in use today for certai ...
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Latarjet procedure The Latarjet operation, also known as the Latarjet-Bristow procedure, is a surgical procedure used to treat recurrent shoulder dislocations, typically caused by bone loss or a fracture of the glenoid. The procedure was first described by French sur ...
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Mumford procedure
The Mumford procedure, also known as distal clavicle excision or distal clavicle resection, is an orthopedic procedure performed to ameliorate shoulder pain and discomfort by excising the distal (lateral) end of the clavicle. Those suffering from ...
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Ponseti method
The Ponseti method is a manipulative technique that corrects congenital clubfoot without invasive surgery. It was developed by Ignacio V. Ponseti of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, USA in the 1950s, and was repopularized in 2000 b ...
Tommy John surgery
Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, colloquially known as Tommy John surgery (TJS), is a surgical graft procedure where the ulnar collateral ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with either a tendon from elsewhere in the patient's bo ...
Anatomy
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its ...
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Gerdy's tubercle
Gerdy's tubercle is a lateral tubercle of the tibia, located where the iliotibial tract inserts. It was named after French surgeon Pierre Nicolas Gerdy (1797–1856).
Gerdy's tubercle is a smooth facet on the lateral aspect of the upper part of t ...
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Guyon's Canal
The ulnar canal or ulnar tunnel (also known as Guyon's canal or tunnel) is a semi-rigid longitudinal canal in the wrist that allows passage of the ulnar artery and ulnar nerve into the hand. The roof of the canal is made up of the superficial palm ...
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Harrison's groove
Harrison's groove, also known as Harrison's sulcus, is a horizontal groove along the lower border of the thorax corresponding to the costal insertion of the diaphragm;
it is usually caused by chronic asthma or obstructive respiratory disease. It m ...
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Haversian canal
Haversian canals (sometimes canals of Havers) are a series of microscopic tubes in the outermost region of bone called cortical bone. They allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through them to supply the osteocytes.
Structure
Each Haversian ...
Lisfranc joint
The tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc joints) are arthrodial joints in the foot. The tarsometatarsal joints involve the first, second and third cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone and the metatarsal bones.
The eponym of Lisfranc joint is 18th-19th cent ...
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Lisfranc ligament
The Lisfranc ligament is one of several ligaments which connects the medial cuneiform bone to the second metatarsal. Sometimes, the term ''Lisfranc ligament'' refers specifically to the ligament that connects the superior, lateral surface of the me ...
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Lister's tubercle
Lister's tubercle or dorsal tubercle of radius is a bony prominence located at the distal end of the radius. It is palpable on the dorsum of the wrist.
Structure
Lister's tubercle is found on the dorsal distal radius. It varies in size and shap ...
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Martin-Gruber Anastomosis A Martin-Gruber anastomosis (MGA) is a connection from the median nerve to the ulnar nerve in the forearm
The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from ...
Volkmann's canals
Volkmann's canals, also known as perforating holes or channels, are anatomic arrangements in cortical bones. Volkmann's canals are inside osteons. They interconnect the haversian canals with each other and the periosteum. They usually run at obtuse ...
Harris Hip Score The Harris Hip Score was developed by William H. Harris to assess the results of hip surgery or hip replacement
Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis. Hip r ...
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Kocher criteria The Kocher criteria are a tool useful in the differentiation of septic arthritis from transient synovitis in the child with a painful hip. They are named for Mininder S. Kocher, an orthopaedic surgeon at Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of ...
Clinical signs
Signs and symptoms are the observed or detectable signs, and experienced symptoms of an illness, injury, or condition. A sign for example may be a higher or lower temperature than normal, raised or lowered blood pressure or an abnormality showin ...
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Andersson lesion
Andersson (previously Andjersson) is a Swedish language surname, a form of the surname Anderson. ''Andersson'' is, if several spelling variants are included, the most common surname in Sweden.Baastrup's sign
Baastrup's sign is an orthopedic and radiographic disorder that often occurs in elderly humans. It is characterized by enlargement of the posterior spinous processes of the lumbar spine, with normal intervertebral disc height and neuroforamina. ...
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Bouchard's nodes
Bouchard's nodes are hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes). They are seen in osteoarthritis, where they are caused by formation of calcific spurs of the articular ( ...
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Boutonniere deformity
Boutonniere deformity is a deformed position of the fingers or toes, in which the joint nearest the knuckle (the proximal interphalangeal joint, or PIP) is permanently bent toward the palm while the farthest joint (the distal interphalangeal joi ...
Codman triangle
The Codman triangle (previously referred to as Codman's triangle) is the triangular area of new subperiosteal bone that is created when a lesion, often a tumour, raises the periosteum away from the bone. A Codman triangle is not actually a full t ...
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Destot's sign
Destot's sign is a clinical sign in which a superficial haematoma is seen above the inguinal ligament in the groin, over the scrotum or perineum, or in the upper thigh
In human anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip ( pelvis) and t ...
Heberden's node
Heberden's nodes are hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes). They are a sign of osteoarthritis and are caused by formation of osteophytes (calcific ...
Larrey's sign
Larrey's sign is a clinical sign in which patients with sacroiliitis experience pain in the sacroiliac
The sacroiliac joint or SI joint (SIJ) is the joint between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis, which are connected by strong liga ...
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Trendelenburg gait
Trendelenburg gait, named after Friedrich Trendelenburg, is an abnormal gait. It is caused by weakness or ineffective action of the gluteus medius muscle and the gluteus minimus muscle.
Gandbhir and Rayi point out that the biomechanical action in ...
Clinical examination
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Allis test Allis may refer to:
People
* Allis (surname)
Places
* Allis Township, Michigan
* North Allis Township, Michigan
* West Allis, Wisconsin
Other
* Allis-Chalmers, a former manufacturer of farm equipment based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
* Big Al ...
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Apley grind test The Apley grind test or Apley test is used to evaluate individuals for problems in the meniscus of the knee. The Apley grind test has a reported sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 87%.
Description
In order to perform the test, the patient lies ...
Clarke's test
In medicine, Clarke's test (also known as the Osmond-Clarke test or patellar grind test) is a component of knee examination which may be used to test for patellofemoral pain syndrome, chondromalacia patellae, patellofemoral arthritis, or ante ...
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Cozen's test
Cozen's test is a physical examination performed to evaluate for lateral epicondylitis or, tennis elbow. The test is said to be positive if a resisted wrist extension triggers pain to the lateral aspect of the elbow owing to stress placed upon t ...
Durkan's test
Durkan's test is a medical procedure to diagnose a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the collection of symptoms and signs associated with median neuropathy at the carpal tunnel. Most CTS is related to idiopa ...
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Finkelstein's test
Finkelstein's test is a test used to diagnose de Quervain's tenosynovitis in people who have wrist pain.
Classical descriptions of the Finkelstein's test are when the examiner grasps the thumb and ulnar deviates the hand sharply. If sharp pai ...
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Froment's sign
Froment's sign is a special test of the wrist for palsy of the ulnar nerve, specifically, the action of adductor pollicis. Froment's maneuver can also refer to the cogwheel effect from contralateral arm movements seen in Parkinson's disease.
__T ...
Gaenslen's test
Gaenslen's test, also known as Gaenslen's maneuver, is a medical test used to detect musculoskeletal abnormalities and primary-chronic inflammation of the lumbar vertebrae and sacroiliac joint. This test is often used to test for spondyloarthritis, ...
Hubscher's maneuver
The Hubscher maneuver (or Jack's test) is a method of evaluating the flexibility of a pes planus or flat foot type. The test is performed with the patient weight bearing, with the foot flat on the ground, while the clinician dorsiflexes the ha ...
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Lachman test
The Lachman test is a clinical test used to diagnose injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). It is recognized as reliable, sensitive, and usually superior to the anterior drawer test.
Description
The knee is flexed at 15 degrees with the ...
McMurray test The McMurray test, also known as the McMurray circumduction test is used to evaluate individuals for tears in the meniscus of the knee. A tear in the meniscus may cause a pedunculated tag of the meniscus which may become jammed between the joint sur ...
Ober's test
Ober's test is used in physical examination to identify tightness of the iliotibial band (iliotibial band syndrome
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the second most common knee injury, and is caused by inflammation located on the lateral aspect ...
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Ortolani test
The Ortolani test is part of the physical examination for developmental dysplasia of the hip, along with the Barlow maneuver. Specifically, the Ortolani test is positive when a posterior dislocation of the hip is reducible with this maneuver. ...
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Patrick's test
Patrick's test or FABER test is performed to evaluate pathology of the hip joint or the sacroiliac joint.
The test is performed by having the tested leg flexed and the thigh abducted and externally rotated. If pain is elicited on the ipsilatera ...
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Phalen maneuver
Phalen's maneuver is a diagnostic test for carpal tunnel syndrome by an American orthopedist named George S. Phalen.
Technique
The patient is asked to hold their Wrist, wrists in complete and forced flexion (pushing the dorsal surfaces of bot ...
Thomas test
The Thomas test is a physical examination test, named after the Welsh orthopaedic surgeon, Hugh Owen Thomas (1834–1891), to rule out hip flexion contracture (fixed partial flexion of the hip) and psoas syndrome (injury to the psoas muscle) ...
Tinel sign
Tinel's sign (also Hoffmann-Tinel sign) is a way to detect irritated nerves. It is performed by lightly tapping ( percussing) over the nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling or "pins and needles" in the distribution of the nerve. Percussion is us ...
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Trendelenburg's sign
Trendelenburg's sign is found in people with weak or paralyzed abductor muscles of the hip, namely gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. It is named after the German surgeon Friedrich Trendelenburg. It is often incorrectly referenced as the Tren ...
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Yergason's test
Yergason's test is a special test used for orthopedic examination of the shoulder and upper arm region, specifically the biceps tendon.Thomas W. Woodward, Thomas M. Best. "The Painful Shoulder: Part 1. Clinical Evaluation." American Family Physi ...
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Waddell's signs
Waddell's signs are a group of physical signs, first described in a 1980 article in '' Spine'', and named for the article's principal author, Professor Gordon Waddell (1943–2017), a Scottish Orthopedic Surgeon. Waddell's signs may indicate n ...
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Watson's test
Watson's test, also known as the scaphoid shift test, is a diagnostic test for instability between the scaphoid and lunate bones of the wrist.
Test procedure
To perform the test, the examiner grasps the wrist with their thumb over the scaphoid tu ...
Albers-Schonberg disease
Osteopetrosis, literally "stone bone", also known as marble bone disease or Albers-Schönberg disease, is an extremely rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser, in contrast to more prevalent conditions like osteoporosis, ...
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Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy
Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy is a form of osteodystrophy, and is classified as the phenotype of pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A; this is a condition in which the body does not respond to parathyroid hormone.
Signs and symptoms
The di ...
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Antley–Bixler syndrome
Antley–Bixler syndrome is a rare, severe autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by malformations and deformities affecting the majority of the skeleton and other areas of the body.
Presentation
Antley–Bixler syndrome presents i ...
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Apert syndrome
Apert syndrome is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly, a congenital disorder characterized by malformations of the skull, face, hands and feet. It is classified as a branchial arch syndrome, affecting the first branchial (or pharyngeal) arch, the ...
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Beals syndrome
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA), also known as Beals-Hecht syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant congenital connective tissue disorder. As with Marfan syndrome, people with CCA typically have an arm span that is greater than their hei ...
Bruck syndrome
Bruck syndrome is characterized as the combination of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and osteogenesis imperfecta. Both diseases are uncommon, but concurrence is extremely rare which makes Bruck syndrome very difficult to research. Bruck syndrom ...
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Camurati–Engelmann disease
Camurati–Engelmann disease (CED) is a very rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes characteristic anomalies in the skeleton. It is also known as progressive diaphyseal dysplasia. It is a form of dysplasia. Patients typically have h ...
Conradi–Hünermann syndrome
Conradi–Hünermann syndrome is a rare type of chondrodysplasia punctata. It is associated with the EBP gene and affects between one in 100,000 and one in 200,000 babies.
Signs and symptoms
Possible signs and symptoms may include
Genetics
Con ...
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Currarino syndrome
Currarino syndrome is an inherited congenital disorder where either the sacrum (the fused vertebrae forming the back of the pelvis) is not formed properly, or there is a mass in the presacral space in front of the sacrum, and there are malformatio ...
Eiken syndrome
Eiken syndrome, also known as "Eiken skeletal dysplasia", is a rare autosomal bone dysplasia with a skeletal phenotype which has been described in a unique consanguineous family, where it segregates as a recessive trait. First described in 1985, t ...
Hajdu–Cheney syndrome
Hajdu–Cheney syndrome, also called acroosteolysis with osteoporosis and changes in skull and mandible, arthrodentoosteodysplasia and Cheney syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder of the connective tissue characteri ...
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Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC) is a disease that results from ligand-independent activation of the type 1 ( PTH1R) of the parathyroid hormone receptor, due to one of three reported mutations (activating mutation).
JMC is extremely ...
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Kashin–Beck disease
Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic condition, chronic, endemic (epidemiology), endemic type of osteochondropathy (disease of the bone) that is mainly distributed from northeastern to southwestern China, including 15 provinces of China, provi ...
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Klippel–Feil syndrome
Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS), also known as cervical vertebral fusion syndrome, is a rare congenital condition characterized by the abnormal fusion of any two of the seven bones in the neck (cervical vertebrae). It results in a limited ability ...
Kniest dysplasia
Kniest dysplasia is a rare form of dwarfism caused by a mutation in the ''COL2A1'' gene on chromosome 12. The ''COL2A1'' gene is responsible for producing type II collagen. The mutation of ''COL2A1'' gene leads to abnormal skeletal growth and pro ...
Madelung's deformity
Madelung's deformity is usually characterized by malformed wrists and wrist bones and is often associated with Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis. It can be bilateral (in both wrists) or just in the one wrist.
It has only been recognized within the pa ...
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Maffucci syndrome
Maffucci syndrome is a very rare disorder in which multiple benign tumors of cartilage develop within the bones (such tumors are known as enchondromas). The tumors most commonly appear in the bones of the hands, feet, and limbs, causing bone deform ...
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Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multi-systemic genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue. Those with the condition tend to be tall and thin, with long arms, legs, fingers, and toes. They also typically have exceptionally flexible joints a ...
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Marie-Strümpell disease
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis characterized by long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine typically where the spine joins the pelvis. Occasionally areas affected may include other joints such as the shoulders or hi ...
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Marshall syndrome
Marshall syndrome is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue which can cause hearing loss. The three most common areas to be affected are the eyes which are uncommonly large, joints and the mouth and facial structures. Marshall syndrome and ...
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Marshall–Smith syndrome
Marshall-Smith Syndrome, discovered in 1971 (Marshall, Graham, Scott, Boner, & Smith), is characterized by unusual Bone age, accelerated skeletal maturation (usually starting before birth) and symptoms like conspicuous physical characteristics, re ...
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McCune–Albright syndrome
McCune–Albright syndrome is a complex genetic disorder affecting the bone, skin and endocrine systems. It is a mosaic disease arising from somatic activating mutations in '' GNAS'', which encodes the alpha-subunit of the Gs heterotrimeric G p ...
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Melnick–Needles syndrome
Melnick–Needles syndrome (MNS), also known as Melnick–Needles osteodysplasty, is an extremely rare congenital disorder that affects primarily bone development. Patients with Melnick–Needles syndrome have typical faces (exophthalmos, full che ...
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Morton's toe
Morton's toe is the condition of having a first metatarsal which is short in relation to the second metatarsal (see diagram). It is a type of brachymetatarsia.
This condition is the result of a premature closing of the first metatarsal's growt ...
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Ollier disease
Ollier disease is a rare sporadic nonhereditary skeletal disorder in which typically benign cartilaginous tumors (enchondromas) develop near the growth plate cartilage. This is caused by cartilage rests that grow and reside within the metaphysis o ...
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Rett syndrome
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a genetic disorder that typically becomes apparent after 6–18 months of age and almost exclusively in females. Symptoms include impairments in language and coordination, and repetitive movements. Those affected often h ...
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Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe learning difficulties, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Other features of the disorder vary among affect ...
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Scheuermann's disease
Scheuermann's disease is a Self-limiting (biology), self-limiting skeleton, skeletal disorder of childhood. Scheuermann's disease describes a condition where the vertebrae grow unevenly with respect to the sagittal plane; that is, the Posterior ( ...
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Schwartz–Jampel syndrome
Schwartz–Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare genetic disease caused by a mutation in the perlecan gene (''HSPG2'') which causes osteochondrodysplasia associated with myotonia. Most people with Schwartz–Jampel syndrome have a nearly normal life e ...
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Silver–Russell syndrome
Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS), also called Silver–Russell dwarfism, is a rare congenital growth disorder. In the United States it is usually referred to as Russell–Silver syndrome (RSS), and Silver–Russell syndrome elsewhere. It is one of ...
Baker's cyst
A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a type of fluid collection behind the knee. Often there are no symptoms. If symptoms do occur these may include swelling and pain behind the knee, or knee stiffness. If the cyst breaks open, pain ...
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Bankart lesion
A Bankart lesion is a type of shoulder injury that occurs following a dislocated shoulder. It is an injury of the anterior ( inferior) glenoid labrum of the shoulder. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows th ...
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Barré–Liéou syndrome
Barré–Liéou syndrome is a traditional medical diagnosis that is not utilized frequently in modern medicine. It is a complex combination of symptoms, amounting to a headache syndrome, that was originally hypothesized to be due to cervical spond ...
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Blount's disease
Blount's disease (or Blount disease) is a growth disorder of the tibia (shin bone) which causes the lower leg to angle inward, resembling a bowleg. It is also known as "tibia vara".
Description and risk factors
Blount disease is a growth disorder ...
Chandler's disease
Chandler's disease, also known as Idiopathic disease, idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ANFH or ONFH), is a rare condition in which the Osteocyte, bone cells in the Femoral head, head of the femur (FH) die due to lack of bloo ...
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De Quervain syndrome
De Quervain syndrome is mucoid degeneration of two tendons that control movement of the thumb and their tendon sheath. This results in pain and tenderness on the thumb side of the wrist. Radial abduction of the thumb is painful. On occasion, the ...
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Dupuytren's contracture
Dupuytren's contracture (also called Dupuytren's disease, Morbus Dupuytren, Viking disease, palmar fibromatosis and Celtic hand) is a condition in which one or more fingers become progressively bent in a flexed position. It is named after Guilla ...
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Ewing's sarcoma
Ewing sarcoma is a type of cancer that forms in bone or soft tissue. Symptoms may include swelling and pain at the site of the tumor, fever, and a bone fracture. The most common areas where it begins are the legs, pelvis, and chest wall. In about ...
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Freiberg disease
Freiberg disease, also known as a Freiberg infraction, is a form of avascular necrosis in the metatarsal bone of the foot. It generally develops in the second metatarsal, but can occur in any metatarsal. Physical stress causes multiple tiny fract ...
Gorham's disease
Gorham's disease (pronounced GOR-amz), also known as Gorham vanishing bone disease and phantom bone disease, is a very rare skeletal condition of unknown cause, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of distended, thin-walled vascular ...
Kashin–Beck disease
Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic condition, chronic, endemic (epidemiology), endemic type of osteochondropathy (disease of the bone) that is mainly distributed from northeastern to southwestern China, including 15 provinces of China, provi ...
Morton's neuroma
Morton's neuroma is a benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve, most commonly of the second and third intermetatarsal spaces (between the second/third and third/fourth metatarsal heads; the first is of the big toe), which results in t ...
Osgood–Schlatter disease
Osgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) is inflammation of the patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity (apophysitis). It is characterized by a painful bump just below the knee that is worse with activity and better with rest. Episodes of pain typica ...
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Paget's disease of bone
Paget's disease of bone (commonly known as Paget's disease or, historically, osteitis deformans) is a condition involving cellular remodeling and deformity of one or more bones. The affected bones show signs of dysregulated bone remodeling at the ...
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Panner disease
Panner disease is an osteochondrosis of the capitellum of the elbow. Panner disease is primarily seen in boys between the ages of five and ten years old. Panner disease is often caused by excessive throwing due to valgus stress. The disease cause ...
Preiser disease
Preiser disease, or (idiopathic) avascular necrosis of the scaphoid
The scaphoid bone is one of the carpal bones of the wrist. It is situated between the hand and forearm on the thumb side of the wrist (also called the lateral or radial side). ...
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Sever's disease
Sever's disease, also known as calcaneus apophysitis, is an inflammation at the back of the heel (or calcaneus) growth plate in growing children. The condition is thought to be caused by repetitive stress at the heel. This condition is benign and ...
Tietze syndrome
Tietze syndrome is a benign inflammation of one or more of the costal cartilages. It was first described in 1921 by German surgeon Alexander Tietze and was subsequently named after him. The condition is characterized by tenderness and painful ...
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Volkmann's contracture
Volkmann's contracture is a permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist, resulting in a claw-like deformity of the hand and fingers. Passive extension of fingers is restricted and painful.
Causes
Any fracture in the elbow region or uppe ...
Orthopedic implants
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics ( alternatively spelt orthopaedics), is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal ...
Charnley prosthesis Charnley is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Bill Charnley, English footballer
* Bryan Charnley (1949–1991), English artist
*Chic Charnley (born 1963), Scottish association football (soccer) player
*Dave Charnley (1935&nd ...
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Denis Browne bar
The Denis Browne bar, also known as the Denis Browne splint or foot abduction orthosis, is a medical device used in the treatment of club foot. The device is named after Sir Denis Browne (1892-1967), an Australian-born surgeon at Great Ormond Str ...
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Ender's nail
''Ender's Game'' is a 1985 military science fiction novel by American author Orson Scott Card. Set at an unspecified date in Earth's future, the novel presents an imperiled humankind after two conflicts with an insectoid alien species they dub ...
Harrington rod
The Harrington rod (or Harrington implant) is a stainless steel
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains at least 11% chromium and may contain elements such as carbon, other nonmetals and me ...
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Herbert screw
The Herbert screw (invented by Timothy Herbert) is a variable pitch cannulated screw typically made from titanium
Titanium is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, i ...
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Kirschner wire
Kirschner wires or K-wires or pins are sterilized, sharpened, smooth stainless steel pins. Introduced in 1909 by Martin Kirschner, the wires are now widely used in orthopedics and other types of medical and veterinary surgery. They come in differ ...
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Kuntscher nail
An intramedullary rod, also known as an intramedullary nail (IM nail) or inter-locking nail or Küntscher nail (without proximal or distal fixation), is a metal rod forced into the medullary cavity of a bone. IM nails have long been used to treat ...
Seidel nail Seidel may refer to:
* Seidel (surname)
* Seidel (crater), on the Moon
* Seidel Band Instrument Company, a short-lived American company
* Seidel Creek, a stream in Pennsylvania
{{Disambiguation ...
Swanson prosthesis
Swanson is a brand of TV dinners, broths, and canned poultry made for the North American and Hong Kong markets. The former "Swanson Company" was founded in Omaha, Nebraska, where it developed improvements of the frozen dinner. The TV dinner bu ...
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Talwalkar nail Talwalkar is an Indian surname. It may refer to:
*Abhi Talwalkar (born 1964), Indian businessman, was president and CEO of LSI Corporation
*Govind Talwalkar (1925–2017), Indian journalist, editor and author
* Hemant Talwalkar (1954–2016), India ...
Orthopaedic instruments
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics ( alternatively spelt orthopaedics), is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal ...
Gigli saw
A Gigli saw is a flexible wire saw used by surgeons for bone cutting. A Gigli saw is used mainly for amputation, where the bones have to be smoothly cut at the level of amputation.Kojiro Wada, Kentaro Mori, Terushige Toyooka, Naoki Otani, Kazuya ...
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Hohmann retractor Hohmann may refer to:
* Hohmann (surname) (article includes list of persons named Hohmann)
* Hohmann transfer orbit
In astronautics, the Hohmann transfer orbit () is an orbital maneuver used to transfer a spacecraft between two orbits of d ...
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Ilizarov apparatus
In medicine, the Ilizarov apparatus is a type of external fixation apparatus used in orthopedic surgery to lengthen or to reshape the damaged bones of an arm or a leg; used as a limb-sparing technique for treating complex fractures and open bone ...
Jungbluth forceps Jungbluth is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Carlo Jungbluth (born 1958), Luxembourgish footballer
* Klaus Jungbluth (born 1979), Ecuadorean cross-country skier
* Paul Jungbluth (born 1949), Dutch politician
See also
* Jungbl ...
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Matta forceps
Matta may refer to:
Places
* Mata, Israel, a moshav in Israel, southwest of Jerusalem; also spelt Matta
* Matta, Punjab, a Union Council of Kasur District, Pakistan
* Matta, Russia, a village in Megyuryonsky Rural Okrug in the Megino-Kangalass ...
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Taylor Spatial Frame
The Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) is an external fixator used by paediatric and orthopaedic surgeons to treat complex fractures and bone deformity, bone deformities. The medical device shares a number of components and features of the Ilizarov apparat ...
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Thomas splint
A traction splint most commonly refers to a splinting device that uses straps attaching over the pelvis or hip as an anchor, a metal rod(s) to mimic normal bone stability and limb length, and a mechanical device to apply traction (used in an a ...
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Verbrugge forceps Verbrugge is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*Cyrille Verbrugge (1866–1929), Belgian fencer
*Jacques Verbrugge (born 1955), Dutch cyclist
*Jean Verbrugge (1896–1964), Belgian fencer and orthopedic surgeon
*Sven Verbrugge
Sv ...
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Volkmann retractor Volkmann is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann (1801–1877), German physiologist
*Elisabeth Volkmann (1936–2006), German actress
* John Volkmann (1905–1980), American scientist
*Paul Oskar Eduar ...
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Weber forceps
Weber (, or ; German: ) is a surname of German origin, derived from the noun meaning " weaver". In some cases, following migration to English-speaking countries, it has been anglicised to the English surname 'Webber' or even 'Weaver'.
Notable pe ...
Hardinge lateral approach to the hip
Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi (half) replacement. Such joint replacement o ...
Blumensaat's line Blumensaat's line is a line which corresponds to the roof of the intercondylar fossa of femur as seen on a lateral radiograph of the knee joint. The angle at which this line appears on the radiograph can be used to determine the position of the pate ...
Cobb angle
The Cobb angle is a measurement of bending disorders of the vertebral column such as scoliosis and traumatic deformities.
Definition and method
It is defined as the greatest angle at a particular region of the vertebral column, when measured from ...
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Fairbank's changes
Fairbank's changes describe the radiological changes observed on an AP radiograph of the knee after meniscectomy.
Fairbank identified significant changes including squaring of the femoral condyles, peak eminences, ridging, and joint space
A ...
Harris lines
Growth arrest lines, also known as Harris lines, are lines of increased bone density that represent the position of the growth plate at the time of insult to the organism and formed on long bones due to growth arrest. They are only visible by radi ...
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Hilgenreiner's line Hilgenreiner's line is a horizontal line drawn on an AP radiograph of the pelvis running between the inferior aspects of both triradiate cartilages of the acetabulums. It is named for Heinrich Hilgenreiner.
Clinical Use
Used in conjunction with ...
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Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale
Radiographic systems to classify osteoarthritis vary by which joint is being investigated. In osteoarthritis, the choice of treatment is based on pain and decreased function, but radiography can be useful before surgery in order to prepare for the ...
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Klein's line
Klein's line or the line of Klein is a virtual line that can be drawn on an X-ray of an adolescent's hip parallel to the anatomically upper edge of the femoral neck. It was the first tool to aid in the early diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral ...
Pauwel's angle
Pauwel's angle is the angle between the line of a fracture of the neck of the femur and the horizontal as seen on an anterio-posterior radiograph. Pauwel's angle is named after the German orthopedist Friedrich Pauwels. Introduced in 1935, th ...
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Perkin's line
Perkin's line is a line drawn on an AP radiograph of the pelvis perpendicular to Hilgenreiner's line at the lateral aspects of the triradiate cartilage of the acetabulum.
Clinical use
Used in conjunction with Hilgenreiner's line, Perkin's line ...
Thurstan Holland sign The Thurstan Holland sign or fragment, also known as the shiny corner sign, is the small metaphyseal triangular portion of bone carried with the physis in type II and IV Salter–Harris fracture
A Salter–Harris fracture is a fracture that invol ...
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Trethowan's sign
Trethowan's sign is when Klein's line does not intersect the lateral part of the superior femoral epiphysis on an AP radiograph of the pelvis.
Clinical use
Trethowan's sign is indicative of a diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
See al ...
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Terry Thomas sign
In radiology, the Terry-Thomas sign is a scapholunate ligament dissociation on an anteroposterior view of the wrist. Most commonly a result of a fall on the outstretched hand ( FOOSH), the scapholunate ligament ruptures resulting in separation of t ...
Wolff's law
Wolff's law, developed by the German anatomist and surgeon Julius Wolff (surgeon), Julius Wolff (1836–1902) in the 19th century, states that bone in a healthy animal will adapt to the loads under which it is placed. If loading on a particular ...
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Hueter-Volkmann law
Carl Hueter (27 November 1838 – 12 May 1882) was a German surgeon born in Marburg. He was the son of obstetrician Karl Christoph Hueter (1803–1857).
In 1854 began his medical studies in Marburg at the age of 16. Following the state examina ...
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Charley's principles of three-point fixation
Charleys Philly Steaks is an American restaurant chain of Philly cheesesteak stores headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. Formerly known as Charley's Steakery and Charley's Grilled Subs, the franchise was established in 1986 on the campus of Ohio ...
Orthopaedic
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics ( alternatively spelt orthopaedics), is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal ...