Natural history specimen dealers had an important role in the development of science in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. They supplied the rapidly growing, both in size and number, museums and educational establishments and private collectors whose collections, either in entirety or parts finally entered museums. Most sold not just zoological,

botanical Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

and geological specimens but also equipment and books. Many also sold

archaeological Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...

and ethnographic items. They purchased specimens from professional and amateur collectors, sometimes collected themselves as well as acting as agents for the sale of collections. Many were based in

mercantile Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchan ...

centres notably

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...

, and

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

or in major cities. Some were specialists and some were

taxonomic Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

authorities who wrote scientific works and manuals, some functioned as trading museums or institutes. This is a list of natural history dealers from the 16th to the 19th century: here are names that are frequently encountered in museum collections. * Johan Hans Abegg (

fl. ''Floruit'' (; abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for "they flourished") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indicatin ...

1882-1885) Mineral collector and dealer in Zurich. * Augustus Theodore Abel (?1802-1882); German Mineral dealer resident in

Ballarat Ballarat ( ) is a city in the Central Highlands (Victoria), Central Highlands of Victoria (Australia), Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 Census, Ballarat had a population of 116,201, making it the third largest city in Victoria. Estimated resid ...

. *

Anton Franz Abraham Anton may refer to: People * Anton (given name), including a list of people with the given name * Anton (surname) Places * Anton Municipality, Bulgaria ** Anton, Sofia Province, a village * Antón District, Panama ** Antón, a town and capital ...

Preparator and dealer in educational materials at " "Naturhistorisches Institut" on Beatrixgasse, Vienna, 1896, on Ungargasse, Vienna in 1903-1906.Supplied specimens to

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria, (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I. Fr ...

. *

Ludwig Anker Ludwig Anker (1822, Budapest1887) was a Hungarian entomologist Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also inc ...

(1822, Budapest -1887) Insektenhändler * Mary Anning *

Bernardino Astfäller Bernardino is a name of Italian, Hispanic, or Portuguese origin, which can refer to: Given name * Bernardino Baldi (1533–1617), Italian mathematician and writer *Bernardino Bertolotti (born 1547), Italian composer and instrumentalist *Bernard ...

(1879–1964) Insektenhändler in Meran *

Andreas Bang-Haas Andreas Bang-Haas (6 December 1846 – 7 February 1925) was a Danish entomologist and insect dealer. Bang-Haas was born in Horsens. In 1879 he entered into the business of the insect dealer Otto Staudinger. He married Staudinger's daughter ...

Otto Bang-Haas Otto Bang-Haas (20 January 1882, Dresden – 30 July 1948, Dresden) was a German entomologist and insect dealer. His collection of microlepidoptera is in the National Museum of Denmark and of Coleoptera in the Natural History Museum of Giacomo Do ...

Max Bartel Max Bartel (1879 – 2 July 1914, Nürnberg) was a German entomologist. Max Bartel was an insect dealer (Insektenhändler) in Berlin. He specialised in Lepidoptera. He edited ''Die palaearktischen Grossschmetterlinge und ihre Naturgeschichte'' ...

(1879–1914) Berlin * Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka *

Julius Böhm The gens Julia (''gēns Iūlia'', ) was one of the most prominent patrician families in ancient Rome. Members of the gens attained the highest dignities of the state in the earliest times of the Republic. The first of the family to obtain the ...

(c. 1850?-1925) Vienna mineral dealers as "Österr.-ungar. Mineralien-Comptoir" or Austro-Hungarian Mineral Dealership. * Edward Percy Bottley Gregory, Bottley & Lloyd geology and mineral dealership *

Ernst August Böttcher Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include: Surname * Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst" * Anton Ernst (1975- ...

, born 14 June 1870 Naturalien und Lehrmittel-Anstalt Berlin C. 2, Brüderstrasse 15. *

August Friedrich Böttcher August Friedrich Böttcher (5 October 1825 – 20 November 1900) was a German entomologist. He was born in Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and populati ...

* Brazenor Bros Dealers in zoological specimens in

Brighton Brighton () is a seaside resort and one of the two main areas of the City of Brighton and Hove in the county of East Sussex, England. It is located south of London. Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze A ...

from 1858-1937. * Nérée Boubée Paris *

Adolphe Boucard Adolphe Boucard (1839 – 15 March 1905) was a French ornithologist and trader in specimens who collected extensively in Mexico and Central America. He lived in San Francisco between 1851 and 1852, at the height of the California Gold Rush. He con ...

* Braun; Karl Friedrich Wilhelm (1800–1864) Fossil and mineral dealer in

Regensburg Regensburg or is a city in eastern Bavaria, at the confluence of the Danube, Naab and Regen rivers. It is capital of the Upper Palatinate subregion of the state in the south of Germany. With more than 150,000 inhabitants, Regensburg is the f ...

:de:Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun * Brendel and Sohn Botanical modelmakers in Breslau and Berlin. *

Antonie Augustus Bruijn 250 px, Antonie Augustus Bruijn (Surabaya, 1865) Antonie Augustus Bruijn (December 27, 1842 – August 11, 1890) was a Dutch navy officer, naturalist and trader in naturalia from the Dutch East Indies. He was the son-in-law of Maarten Dirk van Re ...

Dutch East Indies *

Jean Baptiste Lucien Buquet Jean Baptiste Lucien Buquet (4 March 1807, Deinze –14 December 1889, Paris) was a French entomologist and insect dealer mainly interested in Coleoptera. He described many new genera and species. Buquet's business dealt in exotic Coleoptera, especi ...

(Paris) *

Emile Clement Emile Louis Bruno Clement (1844–1928) was a prominent collector of ethnographic artefacts and natural history specimens from northwest Australia at the end of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Biography Emile Clement was born in ...

Australia *

William Deans Cowan William Deans Cowan (1844, Newbattle -1924) was a Scottish naturalist. He was a member of the London Missionary Society who was sent to Madagascar (1874-1881), where he taught Malagasy students at Fianarantsoa.He was an authorities collector ...

Madagascar * Giuseppe De Cristoforis (Milan) *

Eduard Dämle Eduard Model Accessories is a Czech manufacturer of plastic models and finescale model accessories. Formed in 1989 in the city of Most, Eduard began in a rented cellar as a manufacturer of photoetched brass model components. Following the succ ...

Insect dealer in Hamburg. *

Robert Damon Robert Damon (1814 – 4 May 1889) was an English conchologist and geologist. Damon was at first a hosier and glover but with his son Robert Ferris Damon (1845–1929) he established a dealership in natural history specimens in Weymouth. T ...

Natural history dealer in Weymouth *

Jules Desbrochers des Loges Jules Desbrochers des Loges (1836, Béthune, Pas de Calais-10 August 1913, Tours was a French entomologist. Desbrochers was an insect dealer at first based in Vitry-aux-Loges (1880–1887), then from 1888 in Tours. He described many species incl ...

French insect dealer. * Émile Deyrolle (1838–1917) French naturalist and natural history dealer in Paris. The business was originally owned by his naturalist grandfather, Jean-Baptiste Deyrolle who opened his shop in 1831 at 23, Rue de la Monnaie. Émile’s father Achille Deyrolle ran the business for many years. It is now at 46, rue du Bac, Paris *

Maarten Dirk van Renesse van Duivenbode Maarten Dirk van Renesse van Duivenbode (June 2, 1804 – March 31, 1878) was a Dutch merchant, trader of bird skins for fashion and naturalia, captain, commander and honorary major in Ternate ( Dutch East Indies). From 1858 to 1861 he provided lodg ...

trader of bird skins in the Dutch East Indies. *

Henri Donckier de Donceel Charles Donckier de Donceel (1802 in Chératte, Liège – 29 June 1888, in Brussels) was a Belgian entomologist mainly interested in Lepidoptera. He wrote (1882) Catalogue des Lépidoptères de Belgique. ''Annales de la Société entomolog ...

Paris insect dealer * Alfred William Ecutt (1879-) Newport, Wales. * Entomologisch Institut Hamburg (E. M. Schulz) Hamburg 22, Hamburgerstrasse 45. *

Josef Erber Josef Erber (birth name: Josef Houstek) (16 October 1897 in Ottendorf — 1987) was an '' SS-Oberscharführer'' at Auschwitz concentration camp. He was in charge of the crematoria. Erber is mentioned several times in the account of Sonderkomm ...

(c. 1830 – c. 1918) Mineral and natural history dealer in Vienna St. Ullrich, Siebensterngasse No. 29. * Anton Hermann Fassl Naturhistorisches-Institut, 948 Zeidlerstrasse, Teplitz, Bohemia, Germany (now the Czech Republic) *

Adolarius Jacob Forster Adolarius Jacob Forster (1739–1806) was a Prussian mineralogist and dealer in display specimen minerals. The Forster family left Yorkshire in 1649 and settled in Prussia. Adolarius Jacob Forster began dealing in mineral specimens around 1766, at ...

(1739-1806).Leading mineral dealer of the 18th century with premises in London, Paris and St. Petersburg. * R. Fuess Berlin - Steglitz mineral and

petrographic Petrography is a branch of petrology that focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks. Someone who studies petrography is called a petrographer. The mineral content and the textural relationships within the rock are described in detail. The class ...

specimens an instruments Heinrich Ludwig Rudolf Fuess (1838–1917) :de:Rudolf Fuess. * Gustav Adolph Frank (1809–1880) Natural history dealer in Amsterdam who had worldwide trade connections. *

Václav Frič Václav Fric (14 March 1839, Prague - 10 June 1916, Prague) was a Czech naturalist and natural history dealer. Václav Fric was the son of a lawyer Josef Fric (1804–1876). He studied taxidermy then chemistry at the Prague Polytechnical Insti ...

(1839–1916) Prague *

Hans Fruhstorfer Hans Fruhstorfer (7 March 1866, in Passau, Germany – 9 April 1922, in Munich) was a German explorer, insect trader and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He collected and described new species of exotic butterflies, especially in Ada ...

* Alfred George Gabriel (1884–1968) English butterfly dealer who also worked for the

British Museum The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence. It docum ...

. *

Karl Ludwig Giesecke Carl Ludwig Giesecke FRSE (6 April 1761 in Augsburg – 5 March 1833 in Dublin) was a German actor, librettist, polar explorer and mineralogist. In his youth he was called Johann Georg Metzler; in his later career in Ireland he was Sir Charle ...

Mineral dealer in Copenhagen. *

Johann Cesar VI. Godeffroy Johann Cesar Godeffroy (7 July 1813 in Kiel – 9 February 1885 in Blankenese) was a German trader, blackbirder and Hanseat. He was the founder of Museum Godeffroy. Family history and the trading company J.C. Godeffroy & Sohn The Godeffroys ...

The Godeffroy Museum and dealership. *

Richard Haensch Richard Haensch (active from 1890) was a German entomologist and insect dealer in Berlin. Haensch collected in Bahia (1893–1894), Minas Gerais (1896–1897) and Ecuador (1899–1900). He wrote the section "''Familie Danaidae''" in ''Die Gross-S ...

Berlin *

Johann Wilhelm Adolf Hansemann Johann Wilhelm Adolf Hansemann (14 May 1784, Finkenwerder Hamburg– 26 July 1862, Diepholz) was a German entomologist and insect dealer. Prediger was a Pastor in Leese, Germany, Leese. Works *Hansemann, J. W. A. (1823) Anfang einer Auseinanderse ...

(1784–1862) German insect dealer * Thomas Hawkins SchoolMineralogyCollectionFull

Henry Heuland John Henry Heuland (March 21, 1778 Bayreuth – November 16, 1856 Hastings) was a German born (Johann Heinrich) England, English Mineralogy, mineralogist and dealer. He was a Fellow of the Geological Society of London. His collection is held by t ...

(1778-1856) London Mineral collector and dealer *

Alexander Heyne Alexander Heyne (1 July 1869, Leipzig – 1927, Berlin) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He was the son of Ernst H. Heyne (1833-1905) also an entomologist as was Martin Heyne, Alexander's brother. The Heyne family were n ...

Berlin * George Humphrey London dealer in shells and ‘curiosities’ in the 18th century. *

Charles Jamrach Charles Jamrach (born Johann Christian Carl Jamrach; March 1815 – 6 September 1891) was a leading dealer in wildlife, birds and shells in 19th-century London. He owned an exotic pet store on the Ratcliffe Highway in east London — at the time t ...

* Charles Georges Javet * Edward Wesley Janson London *

Jan Kalinowski Jan Kalinowski (17 May 1857 – June 1941) was a Polish explorer and collector of biological specimens who worked in Asia and South America. He was among the first Europeans to explore the fauna of the Korean Peninsula, collecting for the Branicki ...

Peru * E. Kieinel, München, Augustenstrasse 41 Insect dealer * Kny-Scheerer Company, 404 West Twenty- seventh street, New York. Agency for German dealers - specimens, equipment. Active 1900- 1930s? * Friedrich Kohl (1839–1907) Fossil and mineral dealer BLW Skeleton of a common mole

Adam August Krantz Adam August Krantz (6 December 1808 in Środa Śląska, Neumarkt in Schlesien – 6 April 1872 in Berlin) was a German mineralogist.

(1809–1872); Natural history dealer in Berlin after 1850 in Bonn. * Frank H. Lattin & Co.

Albion Albion is an alternative name for Great Britain. The oldest attestation of the toponym comes from the Greek language. It is sometimes used poetically and generally to refer to the island, but is less common than 'Britain' today. The name for Scot ...

, New York * Benjamin Leadbeater (1760–1837) Dealer in ornithological specimens. * Charles Johnson Maynard (1845-1929) Natural history dealer in Boston and Newton, Massachusetts. *

Friedrich Christian Meuschen Friedrich Christian Meuschen (15 September 1719 – 20 February 1811) was a German diplomat and conchologist born in Hanau. He was the son of theologian Johann Gerhard Meuschen (1680–1743). Meuschen was a diplomatic representative in The Hague ...

Heinrich Benno Möschler Heinrich Benno Möschler (28 October 1831, in Herrnhut – 21 November 1888, in Kronförstchen, near Bautzen) was a German entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. Möschler was a butterfly dealer and a member of the Entomological Society of S ...

* Eugène Le Moult *

Ida Laura Pfeiffer Ida Laura Pfeiffer (14 October 1797, Vienna – 27 October 1858, Vienna), née Reyer, was an Austrian explorer, travel writer, and ethnographer. She was one of the first female travelers, whose bestselling journals were translated into seven langu ...

* Maison Azoux * Maison Tramond Established by the mid-19th century at 9 Rue de l' Ecole de Medicine in Paris. Later "Maison Tramond - N. Rouppert successeur".Models of human and comparative anatomy and osteological preparations. *

Albert Stewart Meek Albert Stewart Meek (26 October 1871 – 1 October 1943) was an English bird collector and naturalist. Biography Meek was born on 26 October 1871 in Bow, London, the son of a merchant in natural history. In 1893 he travelled to Australia and ...

* Wilhelm Neuburger Berlin (between 1900 and 1910) Insect dealer * Heinrich Michael Neustetter Insect dealer, Vienna *

Friedrich Wilhelm Niepelt Friedrich Wilhelm Niepelt (10 November 1862 in Striegau – 26 May 1936) was a German entomologist specialising in Lepidoptera. Niepelt was an insect dealer in Zirlau (located near Świebodzice). He is commemorated with insects having the specif ...

* Gustav Paganetti-Hummler as Zoologische Institut für Balkanforschung des Gust. Paganetti-Hummler * Ludwig Parreys (1796–1879) Parreys lived in Vienna, where he was dealer in natural history objects. Trading as Ludwig and Joseph Mann, he supplied zoological specimens to many leading taxonomists whose collections are now conserved by natural history museums. *

Andrew Pritchard Andrew Pritchard FRSE (14 December 1804 – 24 November 1882) was an English naturalist and natural history dealer who made significant improvements to microscopy and studied microscopic organisms. His belief that God and nature were one led him ...

London * Max Quedenfeldt Berlin insect dealer. *

Orazio Querci Orazio Querci (1875, Rome –1970) was an Italian entomologist mainly interested in butterflies. Querci established a butterfly dealership in Florence. He supplied World butterflies to many museums including the Natural History Museum, London , ...

(and family). Butterfly dealer in

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...

, Italy - collected extensively in Spain and Portugal also Cuba. Supplied butterflies to

Roger Verity Ruggero Verity or Roger Verity (20 May 1883 – 4 March 1959) was an Anglo-Italian entomologist who specialised in butterflies and a physician. Life Roger Verity was born in Florence on 20 May 1883, the elder son of Richard Henry Manners Verity ...

and European butterflies to R.C. Williams, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. *

Lovell Augustus Reeve Lovell Augustus Reeve (19 April 1814 – 18 November 1865) was an English conchologist and publisher. Life Born at Ludgate Hill, London, on 19 April 1814, he was a son of Thomas Reeve, draper and mercer, by his wife Fanny Lovell. After attendi ...

Edmund Reitter Edmund Reitter (22 October 1845 – 15 March 1920) was an Austrian entomologist, writer and a collector. Biography Edmund Reitter was best known as an expert on the beetles of the Palaearctic. He was an imperial advisor and editor of the ...

"Natural History Institute" 1879 -1880

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

, 1881-1891

Mödling Mödling () is the capital of the Austrian Mödling (district), district of the same name located approximately 14 km south of Vienna. Mödling lies in Lower Austria's industrial zone (Industrieviertel). The Mödlingbach, a brook which rises ...

, after 1891 Paskau and

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...

(extant). *

Carl Ribbe Carl Heinrich Michael Ribbe (November 16, 1860, Berlin - August 27, 1934, Radebeul Dresden) was a German explorer and entomologist. Carl Ribbe was an insect dealer in Berlin. He travelled widely in the South Seas, exploring Celebes, the Aru Isla ...

Heinrich Ribbe August Theodor Heinrich Ribbe (June, 13, 1832 Berlin - January, 19, 1898) was a German entomologist. Heinrich Ribbe was an List of natural history dealers, insect dealer in Dresden and Berlin. In 1876 he collected trade insects in the Crimea an ...

(1832–1898) Entomologist and dealer in Berlin * Hermann Rolle Berlin *

William Frederick Henry Rosenberg William Frederick Henry Rosenberg (1868–1957) was an English ornithologist and entomologist. His first expedition was to Colombia in 1894 where he collected insects and birds. The bird collection was acquired by Adolphe Boucard. In 1896 he went ...

(1868–1957) 57 Haverstock Hill, London

1920s. Claimed to hold 5,000 bird species as scientific skins (and to be the largest bird skin dealership in the world). Supplier to museums and private collectors. Traveller. *

Emil Adolf Rossmässler Emil Adolf Rossmässler (''Emil Adolf Roßmäßler'', ''Emil Adolph Roßmäßler'') (March 3, 1806 in Leipzig – April 8, 1867 in Leipzig) was a German biologist. With Otto Eduard Vincenz Ule and Karl Johann August Müller, he was co-founder of t ...

Natural History dealer * Karl Rost *

Fritz Rühl Fritz Rühl, also Roule, (1836 – 1893 in Zurich) was a Switzerland, Swiss entomologist. He was a professional insect collector and insect dealer who worked with the Berlin natural history dealers and publishers Alexander Heyne and Otto Staudin ...

Auguste Sallé Auguste Sallé (1820 – 5 May 1896, Paris) was a French traveller and entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. Following expeditions to the Southern States of the USA, the West Indies, Central America (especially Mexico), and Venezuela on beh ...

* L.W. Schaufuß else E. Klocke, Dresden *

Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede (February 3, 1798 – December 1836) was a German physician and botanist born in Kassel. He studied natural sciences and medicine in Berlin and Göttingen, where he earned his doctorate in 1825. Afterwards he pr ...

* Wilhelm Schlüter * Gustav Schneider (1867–1958) Basel * Gustav Schrader * Wilhelm Schlüter * Southwick & Jencks’ Natural History Store Providence, Rhode Island *

Otto Staudinger Otto Staudinger (2 May 1830 – 13 October 1900) was a German entomologist and a natural history dealer considered one of the largest in the world specialising in the collection and sale of insects to museums, scientific institutions, and indi ...

Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn The Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn is a research institute in Naples, Italy, devoted to basic research in biology. Research is largely interdisciplinary involving the fields of evolution, biochemistry, molecular biology, neurobiology, cell biol ...

Marine specimens. * Wilh. Steeg "Dr. Steeg & Reuter" after 1879. Crystallographic microscope slides. * Alexandre Stuer(fl. 1890s-1920?) Paris mineral dealer. Owner of Comptoir Géologique et Minéralogique, 40, rue de Mathurins and at 4, rue de Castellane. * John Crace Stevens Covent Gardens auctioneer. * Emanuel Sweerts (1552–1612) Dutch merchant and natural history dealer. Necropsar leguati

* Rudolf Tancré (1842–1934)

Anklam Anklam [], formerly known as Tanglim and Wendenburg, is a town in the Western Pomerania region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the banks of the Peene river, just 8 km from its mouth in the ''Kleines Haff'', the western ...

, Pomerania Dealer in Lepidoptera mainly of Central Asia and Siberia. * Georg Thorey - Hamburg pharmacist and beetle collector. Also sold beetles to other natural history collectors.Lynn K. Nyhart "Civic and economic zoology in nineteenth-century Germany: The "Living communities"of Karl Mobius" Isis 4 (1998)pp. 605-630 * Johann Gustav Friedrich Umlauff (1833–1889) Proprietor of prominent Hamburg-based natural history and ethnographic dealership and associated museum. *

Unio Itineraria Unio Itineraria was a German scientific society which was based at Esslingen am Neckar in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The organisation paid botanists to travel and collect plants, and sold the collections in large sets. Rising costs associated w ...

a German Scientific Society based in Esslingen am Neckar sold specimens as a dealership. *

Van Ingen & Van Ingen Van Ingen & Van Ingen, simply Van Ingen, or Van Ingen of Mysore (1900–1999) were Indian taxidermists located in Mysore, South India, best known for their tiger and leopard taxidermy trophy mounts. ''A History of Taxidermy. Art, science and bad t ...

Jules Verreaux Jules Pierre Verreaux (24 August 1807 – 7 September 1873) was a French botanist and ornithologist and a professional collector of and trader in natural history specimens. He was the brother of Édouard Verreaux and nephew of Pierre Antoine Dela ...

Owner of Maison Verreaux, established in 1803 by his father, Jacques Philippe Verreaux, at Place des Vosges in Paris, which was the earliest known company that dealt with objects of natural history. *

Jean Villet Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jean ...

Cape Town * Voigt & Hochgesang Göttingen *

Józef Warszewicz Józef Warszewicz Ritter von Rawicz ( lt, 'Juozapas Varševičius') (8(?) September 1812, Vilnius – 29 December 1866, Cracow) was a Polish people, Polish botanist, plant and animal collector, and biologist. Life Born into an impoverished Poli ...

Guatemala 1844-1850 *

Henry Augustus Ward Henry Augustus Ward (March 9, 1834 – July 4, 1906) was an American naturalist and geologist. Biography Henry Augustus Ward was born in Rochester, New York on March 9, 1834. After attending Williams College and the Lawrence Scientific School ...

Founder of Ward's Natural History Establishment in Rochester, New York. * Rowland Ward London *

White Watson White Watson (10 April 1760 – 8 August 1835) was an early English geologist, sculptor, stonemason and carver, marble-worker and mineral dealer. In common with many learned people of his time, he was skilled in a number of artistic and scienti ...

* William Watkins Began trading in 1874 in

Eastbourne Eastbourne () is a town and seaside resort in East Sussex, on the south coast of England, east of Brighton and south of London. Eastbourne is immediately east of Beachy Head, the highest chalk sea cliff in Great Britain and part of the la ...

. In 1879 the address was 36 The Strand, London. In 1907 the dealership became Watkins & Doncaster (1907). In 1937 ownership passed to Frederick Metté an expert on bird eggs. * Frank Blake Webster's Naturalists Supply Depot 409 Washington Street, Hyde Park, Massachusetts * Walter Freeman Webb (1869–1957) Shell dealer St. Petersburg, Florida * Henry Whitely * Bryce McMurdo Wright father (1814-1875) or son (1850-1895), both with same name and both dealers at 90 Great Russell Street, London. They dealt in minerals and fossils, ethnographic and archaeological objects. *

Bohuslav Železný Bohuslav ( uk, Богуслав, yi, באָסלעוו or ''Boslov'') is a city on the Ros River in Obukhiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. Population: . It hosts the administration of Bohuslav urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Uk ...

Prague 1890-? Lepidoptera. *

Emil Weiske Emil Weiske (1867, Dolsenhain bei Altenburg – 1950, Saalfeld) was a German naturalist. Emil Weiske was a professional collector of insects and birds. He emigrated to California in 1890 and to Hawaii in 1892. He made expeditions to the Fiji Is ...

Saalfeld Insect and bird collector and dealer. * Rudolf Zimmermann (1878–1943) mineralogist and dealer in natural history specimens for schools based in Chemnitz, Saxony. Author of ''Die Mineralien. Eine Anleitung zum Sammeln und Bestimmen derselben nebst einer Beschreibung der wichtigsten Arten''

References

*Mark V. Barrow, 2000 The Specimen Dealer: Entrepreneurial Natural History in America’s Gilded Age Journal of the History of Biology 33: 493–53

*Günther, Albert C. L. G. (Albert Carl Ludwig Gotthilf) 1904-1912 The history of the collections contained in the natural history departments of the British Museum. British Museum London, Printed by order of the Trustees *Horn et al., 1990: Collectiones entomologicae. Berlin. *Mearns B. & Mearns R., 1998: The Bird Collectors. Academic Press, London

External links

Archive of taxidermists
{{Natural history Natural history, * Natural history dealers

See also

References

External links