The following is a list of Mongol rulers.
The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.
Khamag Mongol (1120s–1206)
*
Kaidu
Kaidu (Middle Mongol: , Modern Mongol: / , ; ; c. 1230 – 1301) was a grandson of the Mongol khagan Ögedei (1185–1241) and thus leader of the House of Ögedei and the ''de facto'' khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of the Mongol Em ...
– the first Khan to unite the
Mongol
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member of ...
clans
*
Khabul Khan
Khabul Khan ( mn, Хабул хан; ), also rendered as Qabul Khan, Kabul Khan and Khabul Khagan, (b. 1090s/1100 – d. 1130 CE.) was the founder and first known Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation and great-grandfather of Genghis Khan. and ...
– the first Khan of the
Khamag Mongol
Khamag Mongol ( mn, Хамаг монгол, Khamag mongol, lit=the whole Mongol; ) was a major Mongolic tribal confederation (khanlig) on the Mongolian Plateau in the 12th century. It is sometimes considered to be a predecessor state to the ...
confederation
*
Ambaghai Khan
*
Hotula Khan
Hotula Khan or Qutula Khan ( Traditional Mongolian:; ;)
(b. 1111 – d. 1161) was a Khan of Khamag Mongol and the son of Khabul Khan, and thus great-uncle of the Genghis Khan, and the nephew of Khaduli Barlas who was the ancestor of Barlas Mon ...
*
Yesugei
Yesugei Baghatur or Yesükhei ( Traditional Mongolian: ; Modern Mongolian: Есүхэй баатар, ''Yesukhei baatar'', ; ) (b. 1134 – d. 1171) was a major chief of the Khamag Mongol confederation and the father of Temüjin, later known as ...
''(de facto)''
*
Genghis Khan
''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan''
, birth_name = Temüjin
, successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan
, spouse =
, issue =
, house = Borjigin
, ...
Mongol Empire (1206–1368)
Great Khans and Yuan dynasty
Before
Kublai Khan
Kublai ; Mongolian script: ; (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder of the Yuan dynasty of China and the fifth khagan-emperor of th ...
announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271,
Khagan
Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan ...
s (Great Khans) of the
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, ...
(''Ikh Mongol Uls'') already started to use the Chinese title of
Emperor
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...
() practically in the
Chinese language
Chinese (, especially when referring to written Chinese) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the wor ...
since
Genghis Khan
''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan''
, birth_name = Temüjin
, successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan
, spouse =
, issue =
, house = Borjigin
, ...
(as ).
With the establishment of the
Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...
in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and
Huangdi for
ethnic Han.
*
Genghis Khan
''Chinggis Khaan'' ͡ʃʰiŋɡɪs xaːŋbr />Mongol script: ''Chinggis Qa(gh)an/ Chinggis Khagan''
, birth_name = Temüjin
, successor = Tolui (as regent)Ögedei Khan
, spouse =
, issue =
, house = Borjigin
, ...
(1206–1227)
*
Tolui Khan
Tolui (also Toluy, Tului; , meaning: "the mirror"; – 1232) was a Mongol empire, Mongol khan, the fourth son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun, Börte. At his father's death in 1227, his ''Orda (organization), ulus'', or territorial inherit ...
(as Regent) (1227–1229)
*
Ögedei Khan
Ögedei Khagan (also Ogodei;, Mongolian: ''Ögedei'', ''Ögüdei''; – 11 December 1241) was second khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire. The third son of Genghis Khan, he continued the expansion of the empire that his father had begun.
...
(1229–1241)
*
Töregene Khatun
Töregene Khatun (also Turakina, , ) (d. 1246) was the Great Khatun and regent of the Mongol Empire from the death of her husband Ögedei Khan in 1241 until the election of her eldest son Güyük Khan in 1246.
Background
Töregene was born ...
(as Regent) (1241–1246)
*
Güyük Khan
Güyük (also Güyug;; ''c''. March 19, 1206 – April 20, 1248) was the third Khagan-Emperor of the Mongol Empire, the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He reigned from 1246 to 1248.
Appearance
According to Giovann ...
(1246–1248)
*
Oghul Qaimish (as Regent) (1248–1251)
*
Möngke Khan
Möngke ( mn, ' / Мөнх '; ; 11 January 1209 – 11 August 1259) was the fourth khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire, ruling from 1 July 1251, to 11 August 1259. He was the first Khagan from the Toluid line, and made significant reforms ...
(1251–1259)
*''
Ariq Böke
Ariq Böke (after 1219–1266), the components of his name also spelled Arigh, Arik and Bukha, Buka ( mn, Аригбөх, Arigböh, ; ), was the seventh and youngest son of Tolui and a grandson of Genghis Khan. After the death of his brother the ...
'' (1259–1264)
*
Kublai Khan
Kublai ; Mongolian script: ; (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder of the Yuan dynasty of China and the fifth khagan-emperor of th ...
(1260–1294) – Khagan title: Setsen; Temple name: Shizu (1271–1294) Era name: Zhongtong (中統) (1260–1264); Zhiyuan (至元) (1264–1294)
*
Temür Khan
Öljeytü Khan ( Mongolian: Өлзийт; Mongolian script: '; ), born Temür ( mn, Төмөр ; ; October 15, 1265 – February 10, 1307), also known as Emperor Chengzong of Yuan () by his temple name ''Chengzong'', was the second emperor of th ...
– Khagan title: Öljeitu; Temple name: Chengzong – (1294–1307); Era names: Yuanzhen (元貞) (1295–1297); Dade (大德) (1297–1307)
*
Külüg Khan
Külüg Khan ( Mongolian: Хүлэг; Mongolian script: ; ), born Khayishan (Mongolian: Хайсан ; , mn, Хайсан, meaning "wall"), also known by the temple name Wuzong (Emperor Wuzong of Yuan; ) (August 4, 1281 – January 27, 1311), P ...
– Khagan title: Khülük; Temple name: Wuzong – (1308–1311); Era name: Zhida (至大) (1308–1311)
*
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan
Buyantu Khan ( Mongolian: Буянт хаан; Mongolian script: ; ), born Ayurbarwada (Mongolian: Аюурбарбад ; ), also known by the temple name Renzong (Emperor Renzong of Yuan ( Chinese: 元仁宗, April 9, 1285 – March 1, 1320), was ...
– Temple name: Renzong – (1311–1320); Era names: Huangqing (皇慶) (1312–1313); Yanyou (延祐) (1314–1320)
*
Gegeen Khan
Gegeen Khan ( Mongolian: Гэгээн хаан; Mongol script: ; ''Shidebal Gegegen qaγan''; ; born Shidibala (; 碩德八剌), also known by the temple name Yingzong (Emperor Yingzong of Yuan, Chinese: 元英宗, February 22, 1302 – Septembe ...
– Khagan title: Gegeen; Temple name: Yingzong – (1321–1323); Era name: Zhizhi (至治) (1321–1323)
*
Yesün-Temür – Temple name: Taiding Di – (1323–1328); Era names: Taiding (泰定) (1321–1328); Zhihe (致和) 1328
*
Ragibagh Khan
Ragibagh ( Mongolian:; Рагибаха/Ражабаг; ; Arigabag), also known as the Tianshun Emperor of Yuan (), was a son of Yesün Temür who was briefly installed to the throne of the Yuan dynasty of China in Shangdu in 1328. Although he s ...
– Temple name: Tianshun Di; Era name: Tianshun (天順) (1328)
*
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür
Jayaatu Khan ( Mongolian: Заяат хаан ; ''Jayaγatu qaγan''; ), born Tugh Temür (Mongolian: Төвтөмөр ; ), also known by the temple name Wenzong (Emperor Wenzong of Yuan, ; 16 February 1304 – 2 September 1332), was an emperor of ...
– Khagan title: Jayaaatu; Temple name: Wenzong – (1328–1329 / 1329–1332); Era names: Tianli (天歷) (1328–1330); Zhishun (至順) (1330–1332)
*
Khutughtu Khan Kusala
Khutughtu Khan ( mn, Хутагт хаан; Mongolian script: ; ), born Kuśala (Mongolian: Хүслэн ; , sa, कुशल means virtuous/wholesome), also known by the temple name Mingzong (Emperor Mingzong of Yuan, ; 22 December 1300 – 3 ...
– Khagan title: Khutughtu; Temple name: Mingzong; Era name: Tianli (天歷) (1329)
*
Rinchinbal Khan
Rinchinbal Khan ( Mongolian: Ринчинбал , bo, རིན་ཆེན་དཔལ།; Emperor Ningzong of Yuan, ; May 1, 1326 – December 14, 1332), was a son of Kuśala who was briefly installed to the throne of the Yuan dynasty of Chin ...
– Temple name: Ningzong; Era name: Zhishun (至順) (1332)
*
Toghon Temür
Toghon Temür ( mn, Тогоонтөмөр; Mongolian script: ; ; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Huizong of Yuan () bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty and by his posthumous ...
– Khagan title: Ukhaantu; Temple name: Huizong ; Shundi – (1333–1370); Era names: Zhishun (至順) (1333); Yuantong (元統) (1333–1335); Zhiyuan (至元) (1335–1340); Zhizheng (至正) (1341–1368); Zhiyuan (至元) 1368–1370
Golden Horde
*
Batu Khan
Batu Khan ( – 1255),, ''Bat haan'', tt-Cyrl, Бату хан; ; russian: хан Баты́й was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Kh ...
(1227–1255)
*
Sartaq
Sartaq (or Sartak, Sartach, mn, Сартаг, tt-Cyrl, Сартак) Khan (died 1257) was the son of Batu Khan and Regent Dowager Khatun Boraqchin of Alchi Tatar.Rashid al-Din - Universal History, see: ''Tale of Jochids'' Sartaq succeeded B ...
(1255–56)
*
Ulaghchi
Ulaghchi (Ulaqchi or Ulavchii) Khan ( mn, Улаагч Хаан, tt-Cyrl, Улакчы хан) (died 1257) was the third khan of the Blue Horde and Golden Horde, ruling for less than a year in 1257.
Life
It is not clear whether Ulaghchi was t ...
(1257)
*
Berke (1257–1266)
*
Mengu-Timur
Munkh Tumur or Möngke Temür ( mn, ᠮᠦᠨᠺᠬᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ, Мөнхтөмөр; russian: Мангутемир, Mangutemir) (?–1280), son of Toqoqan Khan and Köchu Khatun of Oirat (daughter of Toralchi Küregen and granddaughter of ...
(1266–1282)
*
Tuda Mengu
Tuda Mengu, also known as Tode Mongke, Tudamongke ( mn, Тодмөнх/Todmönkh or Tudamönkh, lit=Eternal Brightness), was khan of the Golden Horde, division of the Mongol Empire from 1280 to 1287.
Biography
Tode Mongke was the son of Toqoqa ...
(1282–1287)
*
Talabuga
Talabuga Khan, Tulabuga, Talubuga or Telubuga was the Khan of the Golden Horde, independent division of the Mongol Empire from 1287 until 1291. He was the son of Tartu, great-grandson of Batu Khan, and great-great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan. ...
(1287–1291)
*
Toqta
Tokhta (Toqta, Toktu, Tokhtai, Tochtu or Tokhtogha) (died ) was a khan of the Golden Horde, son of Mengu-Timur and great-grandson of Batu Khan.
His name "Tokhtokh" means "hold/holding" in the Mongolian language.
Early reign under Nogai
In 1 ...
(1291–1312)
*
Uzbeg Khan
The Uzbeks ( uz, , , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak m ...
(1312–1341)
*
Tini Beg
Tini Beg ( tt-Arab, تينه بك), also known as Dinibeg, was the khan of the Golden Horde from 1341 to 1342.
Biography
He was born to Öz Beg Khan and his principal wife Taydula Khatun. He was appointed as governor of White Horde in c. 1328 ...
(1341–1342)
*
Jani Beg
Jani Beg ( fa, , tt-Latn, Canibäk), also known as Djanibek Khan, was a Khan of the Golden Horde from 1342 to 1357, succeeding his father Öz Beg Khan.
Reign
With the support of his mother Taydula Khatun, Jani Beg made himself khan after eli ...
(1342–1357)
*
Berdi Beg
Berdi Beg or Berdibek ( fa, , tt-Latn, Möxämmät Bärdibäk) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 to 1359, having succeeded his father Jani Beg. Berdi Beg was the last khan to rule before the beginning of a long cycle of civil wars in the ...
(1357–1361)
*
Qulpa
Qulpa (Qūlpā, sometimes read as ''Qulna'' (Qūlnah); ''Kulpa'' and ''Askulpa'' in Russian chronicles, and ''Colbadinus Cam'' in a contemporary Venetian document), was Khan of the Golden Horde from August 1359 to February 1360. He came to the th ...
(1359–1360)
*
Nawruz Beg
Nawruz Beg ( fa, , tt-Latn, Möxämmät Näwrüzbäk) was a Khan of the Golden Horde, who reigned in 1360.
Nawruz Beg succeeded to the throne after the murder of his predecessor Qulpa and the latter's two sons, in February 1360. Nawruz Beg's a ...
(1360–1361)
*
Khidr
Al-Khidr () ( ar, ٱلْخَضِر, al-Khaḍir), also transcribed as al-Khadir, Khader, Khidr, Khizr, Khazer, Khadr, Khedher, Khizir, Khizar, is a figure described but not mentioned by name in the Quran as a righteous servant of God possessing g ...
(1361–1362)
*Timur Khwaja (1362)
*Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*
Tulun Beg Khanum
Tulun Beg Khanum (Tūlūn-Bīk Ḫānum, died 1386), was a princess of the Golden Horde during the second half of the 14th century. Exceptionally for this political formation, she served as female monarch and had her name inscribed on coins minte ...
(as regent) (1370–1373), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*
Urus Khan
Urus Khan ( fa, ; also known as Muḥammad-Urūs, Orys, Arys, Yrys, Orys Khan) was the eighth Khan of the White Horde and a disputed Khan of the Blue Horde; he was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan. Urus himself was the direct ancestor of the ...
(1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.
*Muhammad Bolaq (1375), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
*
Toqtaqiya
Little is known about Toqtaqiya except that he was a son of Urus Khan and was Khan of the White Horde for less than a year. In this time, he defeated his cousin Toqtamish and drove him from Sabran. He died shortly after this victory, just a few ...
(1377)
*Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
*
Timur-Malik
Temür Malik, also spelled Timur-Malik, the son of Urus Khan, was the ninth Khan of the White Horde. Early during his reign, he successfully invaded the lands of his cousin Toqtamysh. However, Toqtamysh later managed to trap and kill Timur-Mali ...
(1377–1378)
*Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
*
Tokhtamysh
Tokhtamysh ( kz, Тоқтамыс, tt-Cyrl, Тухтамыш, translit=Tuqtamış, fa, توقتمش),The spelling of Tokhtamysh varies, but the most common spelling is Tokhtamysh. Tokhtamısh, Toqtamysh, ''Toqtamış'', ''Toqtamıs'', ''Toktamy ...
(1380–1395)
*
Temür Qutlugh
Temür Qutlugh or Tīmūr Qutluq ( 1370 – 1399) was a Khan of Golden Horde in 1397–1399.
Ancestry
According to the detailed genealogies of the ''Muʿizz al-ansāb'' and the ''Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah'', Tīmūr Qutluq was th ...
(1396–1401), actual ruler was
Edigu
Edigu (or Edigey) (also İdegäy or Edege Mangit) (1352–1419) was a Mongol Muslim emir of the White Horde who founded a new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.
Edigu was from the Crimean Manghud tribe, the son of B ...
*
Shadi Beg
Shādī Beg was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1399 to 1407. He was the protégé of the all-powerful beglerbeg Edigu.
Ancestry
According to the ''Muʿizz al-ansāb'' and the ''Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah'', Shādī Beg was a son of ...
(1399–1407), actual ruler was
Edigu
Edigu (or Edigey) (also İdegäy or Edege Mangit) (1352–1419) was a Mongol Muslim emir of the White Horde who founded a new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.
Edigu was from the Crimean Manghud tribe, the son of B ...
*
Pulad
Pūlād (''Bulat Saltan'' in the Russian chronicles) was a Khan of the Golden Horde for three years, 1407–1410, in the waning days of the khanate. He ruled as the protégé of the beglerbeg Edigu.
Ancestry
According to the ''Muʿizz al-ansā ...
(1407–1410), actual ruler was
Edigu
Edigu (or Edigey) (also İdegäy or Edege Mangit) (1352–1419) was a Mongol Muslim emir of the White Horde who founded a new political entity, which came to be known as the Nogai Horde.
Edigu was from the Crimean Manghud tribe, the son of B ...
*Temür (1410–1412)
*
Jalal ad-Din khan
Jalal al-Din or Jalāl ad-Dīn ( Persian: ; Tatar: ''Cäläletdin''; Kazakh: ''Jäleläddin''; Polish: ''Dżalal ad-Din'') (1380–1412) was the Khan of the Golden Horde in 1411–1412. He was the son of Tokhtamysh, Khan of the Golden Horde until ...
(1411–1412)
*Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414)
*Karimberdi
*Kebeg
*
Jabbar Berdi
Jabbār Berdi (Jabbār-Bīrdī) ( fa, ; tt-Latn, Cäbbär Birde; the name is rendered as Yeremferden in some western sources), was a khan of the Golden Horde, reigning twice, in 1414–1415 and 1416–1417.
Ancestry
Jabbār Berdi was a son o ...
(1417–1419)
*
Olugh Mokhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
*
Dawlat Berdi
Dawlat Berdi ( fa, ; died 1432), also known as Devlet Berdi, was a Khan of the Golden Horde who reigned from 1419 to 1421, and again from 1428 to his death in 1432. He was the son of Jabbar Berdi and a descendant of Berke Khan.
Life
His first ...
(1419–1421, 1427–1432)
*
Baraq
Barak (Hebrew: בָּרָק, bārāq, "lightning"), is a masculine name of Hebrew origin. It appears in the biblical Book of Judges as the name of the Israelite general Barak, who alongside Deborah led an attack against the forces of King Jabin o ...
(1422–1427)
*
Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)
*
Küchük Muhammad
Küchük Muḥammad or Kīchīk Muḥammad (; 28 June 1391 – 1459) was a Mongol Khan of the Golden Horde from 1433 until his death in 1459. He was the son of Tīmūr Khan, possibly by a daughter of the powerful beglerbeg Edigu. His name, "L ...
(1435–1459)
*
Mahmud
Mahmud is a transliteration of the male Arabic given name (), common in most parts of the Islamic world. It comes from the Arabic triconsonantal root Ḥ-M-D, meaning ''praise'', along with ''Muhammad''.
Siam Mahmud
*Mahmood (singer) (born 1 ...
(1459–1465)
*
Ahmed (1465–1481)
*Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
*
Murtada (1498–1499)
Left wing (White Horde)
*
Orda (1226–1251)
*
Qun Quran
Qun-Quran or Qun-Qiran (r. 1251 – c. 1280) was the khan of the White Horde, left wing of the Golden Horde.
According to Jami al-Tawarikh ("Compendium of Chronicles") by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Qun-Quran was the fourth son of Orda, t ...
(1251–c.1280)
*
Köchü
Khüchü (or Köchü, Konchi, Konichi) was the Khan of the White Horde between c. 1280–1302. He was the eldest son of Sartaqtay and Qujiyan of the Qongirat and a grandson of Orda Khan.
Marco Polo says Köchü had a vast number of people ...
(c.1280–1302)
*
Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309)
*
Sasibuqa
Sasibuqa ( mn, Сатибуха; kk, Сасы Бұқа хан; 1309–1315?) was the Khan of White Horde. He was one of Bayan's four sons.
The rulers of the White Horde or the Left wing of the Golden horde issued decrees with the name of ...
(1309–1315)
*
Ilbasan
:'' ''İlbasan'' was the Ottoman Turkish name of Elbasan, Albania''
Ilbasan or Erzen ( kz, Ерзен хан) was the ruler of White Horde from 1310/15 to 1320.
During his reign, an increase in the cities, trade, and craft occurred in the Horde ...
(1315–1320)
*
Mubarak Khwaja
Mubarak Khwaja ( kk, Мүбәрәк Қожа, fa, ) was the khan of White Horde in 1320–1344. He succeeded his brother, Ilbasan, with the assistance of Uzbeg, Khan of the Golden Horde and the House of Batu. However, he declared his independ ...
(1320–1344)
*
Chimtay
Chimtay was a ruler of White Horde between 1344 and 1360.
When his son or relative, Urus (future khan), urged him to take throne of the Golden Horde, utilizing the great troubles. He refused but sent his brother Ordu Sheykh who was later on ki ...
(1344–1374)
*
Urus (1374–1376)
*
Toqtaqiya
Little is known about Toqtaqiya except that he was a son of Urus Khan and was Khan of the White Horde for less than a year. In this time, he defeated his cousin Toqtamish and drove him from Sabran. He died shortly after this victory, just a few ...
(1376)
*
Timur-Malik
Temür Malik, also spelled Timur-Malik, the son of Urus Khan, was the ninth Khan of the White Horde. Early during his reign, he successfully invaded the lands of his cousin Toqtamysh. However, Toqtamysh later managed to trap and kill Timur-Mali ...
(1377)
*
Tokhtamysh
Tokhtamysh ( kz, Тоқтамыс, tt-Cyrl, Тухтамыш, translit=Tuqtamış, fa, توقتمش),The spelling of Tokhtamysh varies, but the most common spelling is Tokhtamysh. Tokhtamısh, Toqtamysh, ''Toqtamış'', ''Toqtamıs'', ''Toktamy ...
(1377–1378)
*Koiruchik (1378–1399)
*
Baraq
Barak (Hebrew: בָּרָק, bārāq, "lightning"), is a masculine name of Hebrew origin. It appears in the biblical Book of Judges as the name of the Israelite general Barak, who alongside Deborah led an attack against the forces of King Jabin o ...
(1423–1428)
*Muhammed (1428–1431)
*Mustafa (1431–1446)
''This Horde was annexed by
Abu'l-Khayr Khan
Abu'l-Khayr Khan ( uz, Abulxayirxon) (1412–1468) was a Khan of the Uzbek Khanate which united the nomadic Central Asian tribes. of the
Shaybanids
The Shibanids or Shaybanids ( fa, سلسله شیبانیان) or more accurately the Abu'l-Khayrid-Shibanids were a Persianized''Introduction: The Turko-Persian tradition'', Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective, ed. Robert L. ...
in 1446''.
Right wing (Blue Horde)
Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.
*
Batu Khan
Batu Khan ( – 1255),, ''Bat haan'', tt-Cyrl, Бату хан; ; russian: хан Баты́й was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Kh ...
(1227–1255)
*
Sartaq
Sartaq (or Sartak, Sartach, mn, Сартаг, tt-Cyrl, Сартак) Khan (died 1257) was the son of Batu Khan and Regent Dowager Khatun Boraqchin of Alchi Tatar.Rashid al-Din - Universal History, see: ''Tale of Jochids'' Sartaq succeeded B ...
(1255–56)
*
Ulaghchi
Ulaghchi (Ulaqchi or Ulavchii) Khan ( mn, Улаагч Хаан, tt-Cyrl, Улакчы хан) (died 1257) was the third khan of the Blue Horde and Golden Horde, ruling for less than a year in 1257.
Life
It is not clear whether Ulaghchi was t ...
(1257)
*
Berke (1257–1266)
*
Mengu-Timur
Munkh Tumur or Möngke Temür ( mn, ᠮᠦᠨᠺᠬᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ, Мөнхтөмөр; russian: Мангутемир, Mangutemir) (?–1280), son of Toqoqan Khan and Köchu Khatun of Oirat (daughter of Toralchi Küregen and granddaughter of ...
(1266–1282)
*
Tuda Mengu
Tuda Mengu, also known as Tode Mongke, Tudamongke ( mn, Тодмөнх/Todmönkh or Tudamönkh, lit=Eternal Brightness), was khan of the Golden Horde, division of the Mongol Empire from 1280 to 1287.
Biography
Tode Mongke was the son of Toqoqa ...
(1282–1287)
*
Talabuga
Talabuga Khan, Tulabuga, Talubuga or Telubuga was the Khan of the Golden Horde, independent division of the Mongol Empire from 1287 until 1291. He was the son of Tartu, great-grandson of Batu Khan, and great-great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan. ...
(1287–1291)
*
Toqta
Tokhta (Toqta, Toktu, Tokhtai, Tochtu or Tokhtogha) (died ) was a khan of the Golden Horde, son of Mengu-Timur and great-grandson of Batu Khan.
His name "Tokhtokh" means "hold/holding" in the Mongolian language.
Early reign under Nogai
In 1 ...
(1291–1312)
*
Öz Beg Khan (1312–1341)
*
Tini Beg
Tini Beg ( tt-Arab, تينه بك), also known as Dinibeg, was the khan of the Golden Horde from 1341 to 1342.
Biography
He was born to Öz Beg Khan and his principal wife Taydula Khatun. He was appointed as governor of White Horde in c. 1328 ...
(1341–1342)
*
Jani Beg
Jani Beg ( fa, , tt-Latn, Canibäk), also known as Djanibek Khan, was a Khan of the Golden Horde from 1342 to 1357, succeeding his father Öz Beg Khan.
Reign
With the support of his mother Taydula Khatun, Jani Beg made himself khan after eli ...
(1342–1357)
*
Berdi Beg
Berdi Beg or Berdibek ( fa, , tt-Latn, Möxämmät Bärdibäk) was Khan of the Golden Horde from 1357 to 1359, having succeeded his father Jani Beg. Berdi Beg was the last khan to rule before the beginning of a long cycle of civil wars in the ...
(1357–1361)
*
Qulpa
Qulpa (Qūlpā, sometimes read as ''Qulna'' (Qūlnah); ''Kulpa'' and ''Askulpa'' in Russian chronicles, and ''Colbadinus Cam'' in a contemporary Venetian document), was Khan of the Golden Horde from August 1359 to February 1360. He came to the th ...
(1359–1360)
*
Nawruz Beg
Nawruz Beg ( fa, , tt-Latn, Möxämmät Näwrüzbäk) was a Khan of the Golden Horde, who reigned in 1360.
Nawruz Beg succeeded to the throne after the murder of his predecessor Qulpa and the latter's two sons, in February 1360. Nawruz Beg's a ...
(1360–1361)
*
Khidr
Al-Khidr () ( ar, ٱلْخَضِر, al-Khaḍir), also transcribed as al-Khadir, Khader, Khidr, Khizr, Khazer, Khadr, Khedher, Khizir, Khizar, is a figure described but not mentioned by name in the Quran as a righteous servant of God possessing g ...
(1361–1362)
*Timur Khwaja (1362)
*Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was
Mamai
Mamai (Mongolian Cyrillic: Мамай, tt-Cyrl, Мамай, translit=Mamay; 1325?–1380/1381) was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker ...
Great Horde (1466–1502)
Ilkhanate
*
Hülëgü (1256–1265)
*
Abaqa
Abaqa Khan (27 February 1234 – 4 April 1282, mn, Абаха/Абага хан (Khalkha Cyrillic), ( Traditional script), "paternal uncle", also transliterated Abaġa), was the second Mongol ruler (''Ilkhan'') of the Ilkhanate. The son of Hul ...
(1265–1282)
*
Tekuder
Ahmed Tekuder ( Mongolian: ''Tegülder'', meaning “perfect”; fa, تکودر) (c.1246 10 August 1284), also known as Sultan Ahmad (reigned 1282–1284), was the sultan of the Persian-based Ilkhanate, son of Hulegu and brother of Abaqa. He w ...
(1282–1284)
*
Arghun
Arghun Khan (Mongolian Cyrillic: ''Аргун хан''; Traditional Mongolian: ; c. 1258 – 10 March 1291) was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a dev ...
(1284–1291)
*
Gaykhatu
Gaykhatu ( Mongolian script:; ) was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran. He reigned from 1291 to 1295. His Buddhist baghshi gave him the Tibetan name Rinchindorj () which appeared on his paper money.
Early life
He was born to Abaqa and Nukdan ...
(1291–1295)
*
Baydu Baydu (Mongolian script:; ) (died 1295) was the sixth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division in Iran. He was the son of Taraqai, who was in turn the fifth son of Hulagu Khan.Stevens, John. ''The history of Persia. Containing, the lives and ...
(1295)
*
Ghazan
Mahmud Ghazan (5 November 1271 – 11 May 1304) (, Ghazan Khan, sometimes archaically spelled as Casanus by the Westerners) was the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division in modern-day Iran from 1295 to 1304. He was the son of ...
(1295–1304)
*
Öljaitü
Öljaitü ( mn, , Öljaitü Qaghan, fa, اولجایتو), also known as Mohammad-e Khodabande ( fa, محمد خدابنده, ''khodābande'' from Persian meaning the "slave of God" or "servant of God"; 1280 – December 16, 1316), was the eig ...
(1304–1316)
*
Abu Sa'id (1316–1335)
*
Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336)
After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.
*
Musa
Musa may refer to:
Places
* Mūša, a river in Lithuania and Latvia
* Musa, Azerbaijan, a village in Yardymli Rayon
* Musa, Iran, a village in Ilam Province
* Musa, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran
*Musa, Kerman, Iran
* Musa, Bukan, West Azerbaija ...
(1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad)
*
Muhammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, di ...
(1336–1338) (
Jalayirid
The Jalayirid Sultanate was a culturally Persianate, Mongol Jalayir dynasty which ruled over Iraq and western Persia after the breakup of the Mongol khanate of Persia in the 1330s.Bayne Fisher, William. ''The Cambridge History of Iran'', p.3: ...
puppet)
*
Sati Beg Sati Beg ( 1316–1345) was an Ilkhanid princess, the sister of Il-Khan Abu Sa'id (r. 1316–1333). She was the consort of ''amir'' Chupan (1319–1327), Il-Khan Arpa (r. 1335–36), and Il-Khan Suleiman (r. 1339–1343). In 1338 ...
(1338–1339) (
Chobanid puppet)
*
Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the
Sarbadars
The Sarbadars (from fa, سربدار ''sarbadār'', "head on gallows"; also known as Sarbedaran ) were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of t ...
1341–1343)
*
Jahan Temür Jahan Temür was a Jalayirid puppet for the throne of the Ilkhanate in the late 1330s.
Life
He was son of Alafrang and the grandson of Gaykhatu and Jalayirid Dondi Khatun. His family was fallen out favor after Ghazan's ascension to the throne. Hi ...
(1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet)
*
Anushirwan
Anushirwan Khan ( fa, انوشیروان خان, ''Anūshīrvān Khān'') occupied the Ilkhanate, Ilkhanid throne from 1344 until his death in 1357. He was a puppet of the Chobanids, Chobanid ruler Malek Ashraf and possessed no power of his own. H ...
(1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet)
* Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)
''Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):''
*
Togha Temür
Togha Temür (died December 1353), also known as Taghaytimur, was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century. Of the many individuals who attempted to become Ilkhan after the death of Abu Sa'id, Togha Temür was the only o ...
(c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the
Kartids
The Kart dynasty, also known as the Kartids ( fa, آل کرت), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Tajik origin closely related to the Ghurids, that ruled over a large part of Khorasan during the 13th and 14th centuries. Ruling from their capita ...
1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
* Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)
Chobanids (1335–1357)
Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)
Injuids (1335–1357)
Arghun Dynasty (1479?–1599?)
Chagatai Khanate
*
Chagatai Khan
Chagatai Khan ( Mongolian: ''; Čaɣatay''; mn, Цагадай, translit=Tsagadai; chg, , ''Čaġatāy''; ug, چاغاتاي خان, ''Chaghatay-Xan''; zh, 察合台, ''Chágětái''; fa, , ''Joghatây''; 22 December 1183 – 1 July 1242) ...
1226–1242
*
Qara Hülëgü 1242–1246 d. 1252
*
Yesü Möngke
Yesü Möngke (, died 1252) was head of the ''ulus'' of the Chagatai Khanate (1246 or 1247-1252).
Biography
He was the fifth son of Chagatai Khan and Yesülün Khatun. In or around 1246, he was appointed as khan of the Chagatai Khanate by his ...
1246–1252
*Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252
*
Mubarak Shah 1252–1260
**
Orghana Orghana (Orakina or Ergene Khatun) was an Oirat princess of the Mongol Empire and Empress of the Chagatai Khanate. She was a daughter of Torolchi, chief of the Oirats and Checheyikhen, daughter of Genghis Khan. She served as regent in the name of ...
Khatun (fem.), regent 1252–1260
*
Alghu Alghu (d. 1265 or 1266) was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1260–1265/6). He was the son of Baidar and the grandson of Chagatai Khan.
Biography
In 1260 he was appointed as head of the ''ulus'' of the Chagatai Khanate by the Great Khan claimant ...
1260–1266
*Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266
*
Baraq
Barak (Hebrew: בָּרָק, bārāq, "lightning"), is a masculine name of Hebrew origin. It appears in the biblical Book of Judges as the name of the Israelite general Barak, who alongside Deborah led an attack against the forces of King Jabin o ...
1266–1270
*
Negübei 1270–c. 1272
*
Buqa Temür
Buqa Temür (Cyrillic Mongolian: , not to be confused with Tuka Timur, son of Djötchi, brother of Batu) was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1272?-1282). He was the son of Qadaqchi.
Sometime around 1272 Buqa Temür killed Negübei, who had rise ...
c. 1272–1287
*
Duwa
Duwa (; died 1307), also known as Du'a, was khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1282–1307). He was the second son of Baraq. He was the longest reigning monarch of the Chagatayid Khanate and accepted the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty as ...
1287–1307
*
Könchek
Könchek (died 1308) was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1307–1308). He was the son of Duwa. He converted to Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion cen ...
1306–1308
*
Taliqu
Taliqu was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1308–1309). He was the son of Qadaqchi and a princess of Kerman, and a grandson of Büri.
Following the death of Könchek, Taliqu seized power and became Khan. As a Muslim, he attempted to convert his ...
1308–1309
*
Kebek
Kebek (died 1325/1326) was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1309 until 1310, and again from c. 1318 until his death.
Early life
Kebek was the son of Duwa, who was the Khan from 1282 until 1307. Duwa sent several expeditions to the Delhi Sul ...
1309 d. 1325
*
Esen Buqa I
Esen Buqa I was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1310 – c. 1318). He was the son of Duwa.
In 1309 Esen Buqa's brother Kebek ordered a meeting (''quriltai'') to determine the future of the khanate following his seizure of power. The meeting result ...
1309–c. 1318
*Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325
*
Eljigidey
Eljigidey was khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of the Mongol Empire in 1326–1329. He was the son of Duwa. After the death of his brother Kebek, Eljigidey took control of the Chagatai Khanate. He was involved in the succession stru ...
1325–1329
*
Duwa Temür
Duwa Temür (Дуватөмөр) or Tore Temur (Төртөмөр) was khan of the Chagatai Khanate for a period in 1329/1330. He was the son of Duwa.
He surrendered to the forces of the Yuan dynasty in 1313 when Esen Buqa I revolted against Yuan ...
1329–1330
*
Aladdin Tarmashirin 1331–1334
*
Buzan
Buzan (alt. Buzun) was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1333 to 1334 (or from 1334 to 1335). He was the son of Duwa Temür.
Following the death of his uncle Tarmashirin, Buzan took control of the khanate. Sources described him as a Muslim, tho ...
1334–1335
*
Changshi
Changshi (; r. 1335–1338The Cambridge History of Iran By William Bayne Fisher, John Andrew Boyle, Ilya Gershevitch. Vol. V, p.421) was one of the last effective khans of the Chagatai Khanate. His father was prince Ebugen who was the son of Duwa, ...
1335–1338
*
Yesun Temur c. 1338–c. 1342 with...
*
'Ali-Sultan
Ali Khalil, also known as Ali-Sultan , was the khan (r.1342/1343) of the Chagatai Khanate. He was a descendant of Qadan, son of the second Great Khan Ögedei.
'Ali attacked the ordo (palace) of Yesun Temur and usurped the throne. He was the ...
1342
*
Muhammad I ibn Pulad
Muhammad I ibn Pulad was a Khan (r. 1342–1343) of the Chagatai Khanate. He was a great-great-grandson of Chagatai Khan Ghiyas-ud-din Baraq.
Not much is known about him other than the fact that he waged ''jihad'' against the Buddhist inhabitan ...
1342–1343
*
Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur
Qazan (died 1346) was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from until his death.
Biography
Qazan was the son of Yasa'ur, a Chagatayid prince who had revolted in the 1310s. Upon his accession to the throne, he attempted to increase his power within the ...
1343–1346
*
Danishmendji
Danishmendji (died 1348) was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1346 to 1348. He was the second Khan of the Chagatai ''ulus'' to be descended from Ögedei.
In 1346 he was raised to the Khanship by Amir Qazaghan, who was the leader of the Qara' ...
1346–1348
The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, western and eastern.
Moghulistan (Eastern Chagatai Khanate)
*
Bayan Qulï 1348–1358
*
Shah Temür 1358
*
Tughlugh Timur
Tughlugh Timur Khan (also Tughluq Tömür or Tughluk Timur) (1312/13–1363) was the Khan of Moghulistan from c. 1347 and Khan of the whole Chagatai Khanate from c. 1360 until his death. Esen Buqa (a direct descendant of Chagatai Khan) is believe ...
(in Mogulistan 1348–1363) 1358–1363
*
Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363–1368) 1363 d. 1368
*
Adil-Sultan 1363
*
Khabul Shah
Khabul Shah (died 1370) was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1364 to 1370.
Khabul Shah was raised to the head of the Chagatai ''ulus'' in 1364 by Amir Husayn, who was at the time the most powerful tribal leader in the region and who had recent ...
1364–1370
''From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.''
*
Suurgatmish 1370–1388
*
Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388–1402
Kara Del (1383–1513)
Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1634)
Khagans of the Mongols or
Northern Yuan dynasty
The Northern Yuan () was a dynastic regime ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau. It existed as a rump state after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368 and lasted until its conquest by the Jurchen-led Later Jin ...
(rump state of
Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty (), officially the Great Yuan (; xng, , , literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division. It was established by Kublai, the fifth ...
until 1388):
*
Toghon Temür
Toghon Temür ( mn, Тогоонтөмөр; Mongolian script: ; ; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Huizong of Yuan () bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty and by his posthumous ...
(1368–1370)
*
Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara
Biligtü Khan ( Mongolian: Билэгт; Mongolian script: ; ) or the Emperor Zhaozong of Northern Yuan (), born Ayushiridara ( mn, Аюушридар ; ; sa, आयुष्य तल् means preservative of life), (23 January 1340 – April o ...
(1370–1378)
*
Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür
Uskhal Khan ( Mongolian: Усгал; Mongolian script: ; ), also called the Last Lord of Northern Yuan () or by his era name the Tianyuan Emperor (), born Tögüs Temür (; ), was an emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1378 to 13 ...
(1378–1388)
*
Jorightu Khan Yesüder
Jorightu Khan ( mn, Зоригт хаан ; ), (1358–1391) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1388 to 1391. The identity of Jorightu is disputed: some scholars believe that Jorightu was the same individual as Yesüder (), a ...
(1388–1391) – descendant of
Ariq Böke
Ariq Böke (after 1219–1266), the components of his name also spelled Arigh, Arik and Bukha, Buka ( mn, Аригбөх, Arigböh, ; ), was the seventh and youngest son of Tolui and a grandson of Genghis Khan. After the death of his brother the ...
*
Engke Khan (1391–1394) – descendant of Ariq Böke
*
Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan
Nigülesügchi Khan ( mn, Нигүүлсэгч хаан; ), born Elbeg ( mn, Элбэг; ), (1362–1399) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan, Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1394 to 1399. ''Erdeniin Tobchi'' claimed that Elbeg was the younger ...
(1394–1399)
*
Gün Temür Khan
Gün Temür ( mn, Гүнтөмөр; Mongolian script: ; ), regnal name Toqoqan Khan ( mn, Тогоон хаан; ), (1377–1402) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1400 to 1402. '' Erdeniin Tobchi'' claimed that Gün Temür ...
(1399–1402) – descendant of Ariq Böke
*
Örüg Temür Khan
Örüg Temür Khan ( mn, Ёлтөмөр хаан ; ), possibly Gulichi (; Mongolian: ''γuyilinči''), (1379–1408) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 1408. Örüg Temür ( fa, اروک تیمور) in historical mat ...
(nickname Guilichi) (1402–1408) –
descendant of Ögedei
*
Öljei Temür Khan
Öljei Temür Khan ( mn, Өлзийтөмөр хаан ; ), born Bunyashiri (, sa, प्रज्ञाश्री), (1379–1412) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1408 to 1412. He was a son of Elbeg Nigülesügchi ...
(Bunyashiri) (1408–1412)
*
Delbeg Khan
Delbeg (Mongolian script: mn, Дэлбэг; ), (1395–1415) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1412 to 1415. Delbeg was installed by the Oirats in 1412 as a puppet ruler, but this was not recognized by most of Mongol clans ...
(Dalbag) (1412–1415) – descendant of Ariq Böke
*
Oyiradai
Oyiradai ( mn, Ойрадай; ), (?–1425) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1415 to 1425. Oyiradai ascended to the throne with the help of the Oirats after Delbeg Khan was killed by eastern Mongols led by Adai Khan or p ...
(1415–1425) – descendant of Ariq Böke
*
Adai Khan
Adai ( Mongolian: mn, Адай; ), (1390–1438) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1425 to 1438. After the prominent eastern Mongol chancellor Arughtai threw his allegiance to him, Adai briefly reunited most of the Mongol ...
(1425–1438) – descendant of Ögedei
*
Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha
Taisun Khan (Mongolian script, Mongolian: mn, Тайсун хаан; ), born Toghtoa Bukha (), (1416–1452) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan, Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1433 to 1452. Under his nominal rule, the Oirats successfully reu ...
(1433–1452)
*
Agbarjin
Agbarjin (also spelled Agvarjin and Akbarjin; mn, Агваржин; ), (1423–1454) was a claimant to the throne of the Northern Yuan dynasty in 1453. He was the youngest brother of Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha and Manduul Khan.
Tayisung Khan a ...
(1453)
*
Esen taishi
Esen ( mn, Эсэн; Mongol script: ; ), (?–1454) was a powerful Oirat taishi and the ''de facto'' ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty between 12 September 1453 and 1454. He is best known for capturing the Emperor Yingzong of Ming in 1450 in t ...
– the leader of the
Oirats
Oirats ( mn, Ойрад, ''Oirad'', or , Oird; xal-RU, Өөрд; zh, 瓦剌; in the past, also Eleuths) are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of Siberia, Xinjiang and western Mongolia.
Histor ...
(1453–1454) – non-Chingisid
*
Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
*
Molon Khan (1465–1466)
*
Manduul Khan
Manduul (also spelled Manduuluu, Manduyul or Manduyulun; mn, Мандуул; ), (1438–1478) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1475 to 1478. He was the younger half-brother of Taisun Khan.
Early life
After the death of ...
(1475–1478)
*
Dayan Khan
Dayan Khan ( mn, Даян Хаан; Mongol script: ; ), born Batumöngke ( mn, Батмөнх; ), (1472–1517) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1479 to 1517. During his rule, he reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid sup ...
(Batu Möngke) (1478–1516)
*
Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy)
*
Bodi Alagh Khan
Alagh Khan ( mn, Алаг хаан; ), born Bodi ( mn, Боди; ), (1504–1547) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1519 to 1547.
Bodi Alagh Khan was Turbolad's eldest son and was handpicked by his grandfather Dayan Khan a ...
(1516–1547)
*
Daraisung Guden Khan
Guden Khan ( mn, гүдэн хаан; ), who was born Daraisung (or Darayisung; mn, Дарайсүн; ), (1520–1557) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1547 to 1557. He was the eldest son of Bodi Alagh Khan, whom he succee ...
(1547–1557)
*
Tümen Jasagtu Khan Tumen ( zh, 图们) may refer to one of the following.
Places
*Tumen River, a river in China, North Korea, and Russia
* Tumen, Jilin, a city in China
People
*''Tumen'', Bumin Khan, Turkic Khagan
* Tümen Jasagtu Khan, a Khagan of Mongolia in ...
(1557–1592)
*
Buyan Sechen Khan
Sechen Khan ( mn, цэцэн хаан; ), born Buyan ( mn, Буян; ), (1556–1604) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1592 to 1604. He was the eldest son of Jasaghtu Khan whom he succeeded.
Reign
During Buyan Khan’s ...
(1592–1604)
*
Ligdan Khan
Khutugtu Khan ( mn, Хутагт Хаан; ), born Ligdan ( mn, Лигдэн; ), (1588–1634) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1604 to 1634. During his reign, he vigorously attempted to reunify the divided Mongol Empire, a ...
(1604–1634)
*
Ejei Khan
Erke Khongghor ( mn, Эрх Хонгор; ), alternatively known as Ejei ( mn, Эжэй; ; "Ejei" means "lord" in the Mongolian language), (?–1641) was the last khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, ruling briefly from 1634 to 1635. He was the so ...
(1634–1635)
Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)
Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into Manchu Qing):
Tüsheet Khan
Tüsheet Khan ( Mongolian: Түшээт хан; ) refers to the territory as well as the Chingizid dynastic rulers of the Tüsheet Khanate, one of four Khalka khanates that emerged from remnants of the Mongol Empire after the death of Dayan Khan ...
s
*
Abtai Sain Khan
Abtai Sain Khan ( Mongolian: ; 1554 - 1588) - alternately Abatai or Avtai (Mongolian: ,Cyrillic: Автайсайн хан, meaning, who have the gift of witchcraft (Автай) and good (сайн) - was a Khalkha-Mongolian prince who was named by ...
(1567–1588)
*Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
*Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
*Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)
Jasagtu Khans
*Laikhur Khan
*Subandai Khan
*Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
*Chambun Khan (1670?–)
*Zenggün
*Shara (d. 1687)
Sechen Khans
*Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan.
*Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi.
*Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu.
Ancestry of
Navaanneren
Tserendondovyn Navaanneren ( 1877–1937) was the 20th Khan of the hereditary Setsen Khanate located in the eastern third of modern-day Mongolia. His full title was "Mahasamadi Dalai Setsen Khan". The first Setsen Khan (Wise Khan) was Sholoi (1577 ...
/1910–1922/, eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.
Altan Khan of the Khalkha
*
Ubasi Khong Tayiji
Ubasi Khong Tayiji ( mn, Убаши хунтайж) was a 17th-century Mongol prince. He was the first Altan Khan of Khalkha who ruled Khotgoids in northwestern Khalkha See Altan Khan of the Khotgoid
The Altan Khans (lit. Golden Khan) ruled nort ...
(Shului Ubasha Khong Tayiji) (?-1623)
*
Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji
Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji ( mn, Бадма эрдэнэ хунтайжийн) was a 17th-century Mongol
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mong ...
(1623-?)
*
Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji
Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji ( mn, Ринчин Лувсан тайж) was a prince of the Khalkha
The Khalkha (Mongolian script, Mongolian: mn, Халх, Halh, , zh, 喀爾喀) have been the largest subgroup of Mongols, Mongol people in modern Mo ...
(or Lobdzang or Rinchen Sayin Khong Tayiji) (1658-91)
Oirats
Four Oirat (1399–1634)
*Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399)
*Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör)
*Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408)
*Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438)
*
Esen (1438–1454)
*Amasanj (1454–1455)
*Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469)
*Khishig Urlugh
*Arkhan Chingsang
Dzungar Khanate
*
Khara Khula Kharkhul (, English name: Khara Khula; died 1634) was a Choros (Oirats) prince and tayishi of the Choros tribe. He is best known for forming and leading a coalition of the Four Oirats in battle against Ubasi Khong Tayiji, Ubasi Khun Tayishi, the Kha ...
(d. 1634)
*
Baatur Khung-Taiji (1634–1653)
*
Sengge
Sengge (; died 1671) was a Choros-Oirat prince and the chosen successor of his father Erdeni Batur to rule over the Dzungar. Sengge ruled over a section of the Dzungar from 1653 until his murder in 1671 by his two older half-brothers Tsetsen ...
(1653–1670)
*
Galdan Boshugtu Khan
Erdeniin Galdan (1644–1697, mn, Галдан Бошигт хаан, , ), known as Galdan Boshugtu Khan (in Mongolian script: ) was a Choros Dzungar- Oirat Khan of the Dzungar Khanate. As fourth son of Erdeni Batur, founder of the Dzungar Kha ...
(1670–1697)
*
Tsewang Arabtan (1694–1727)
*
Galdan Tseren Khan (1727–1745)
*Tsewang-Dorji-Namjil (1746–1749)
*Lamdarja (1749–1752)
*Dawachi (1752–1755)
Khans of Khoshut Khanate
*
Güshi Khan
Güshi Khan (1582 – 14 January 1655; ) was a Khoshut prince and founder of the Khoshut Khanate, who supplanted the Tumed descendants of Altan Khan as the main benefactor of the Dalai Lama and the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. In 1637, Güsh ...
Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655)
*
Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669)
*Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698)
*
Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)
Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)
Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate
*
Kho Orluk (d. 1644)
*Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661)
*Puntsuk (1661–1669)
*
Ayuka Khan
Ayuka or Ayuki Khan (1669–1724) was a Kalmyk leader under whose rule the Kalmyk Khanate reached its zenith in terms of economic, military, and politic power. On behalf of Russia, Ayuka Khan protected the southern borders of Russia, engaging in ...
(1669–1724)
*Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735)
*Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741)
*Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761)
*
Ubashi Khan
Ubashi Khan (Mongolian: ;Chinese: ; 1744~1774) was a Torghut- Kalmyk prince and the last Khan of the Kalmyk Khanate. In January 1771, he led the return migration of the majority of the Kalmyk people from the Kalmyk steppe to Dzungaria, their ances ...
(1762–1771)
Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)
*
Bogd Khan
Bogd Khan, , ; ( – 20 May 1924) was the khan of the Bogd Khaganate from 1911 to 1924, following the state's ''de facto'' independence from the Qing dynasty of China after the Xinhai Revolution. Born in Tibet, he was the third most importa ...
(r. 1911–19, 1921–24) – Era name: Olnoo Örgögdsön
(1911–1924); (the 8th
Jebtsundamba Khutuktu
The Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, , ; zh, c=哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖, p=Zhébùzūn Dānbā Hūtúkètú; bo, རྗེ་བཙུན་དམ་པ་ཧུ་ཐུག་ཐུ་, Jetsün Dampa Hutuktu; "Venerable Excellent incarnate lama" ar ...
) – Tibetan Spiritual head of Mongolian's Geluk Sect.
See also
*
Borjigin
*
Choros (Oirats)
Choros or Tsoros ( mn, Цорос, ; ) was the ruling clan of the Ööld and Dörbet Oirat and once ruled the whole Four Oirat. They founded the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th century. Their chiefs reckoned their descent from a boy nourished by ...
*
History of Mongolia
Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BC–1st century AD), the Xianbei state ( AD 93–234), the Rouran Khaganate (330–555), the First (552–603) and Second Turkic Khaganates (682–744) and others, ruled the area of ...
*
Khoshut
The Khoshut ( Mongolian: Хошууд,, qoşūd, ; literally "bannermen," from Middle Mongolian ''qosighu'' "flag, banner") are one of the four major tribes of the Oirat people. Originally, Khoshuuds were one of the Khorchin tribes in southeaste ...
*
List of heads of state of Mongolia
The Constitution of Mongolia adopted in 1992 states that the President of Mongolia is the "head of state and embodiment of the unity of the Mongolian people".
Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing dynasty during the Mongolian Revolut ...
*
List of Mongol khatuns
Khatun means ''Queen'', '' Emperor's consort'' and '' high-ranking noblewoman'' in Mongolian (Khatan in modern Mongolian). They were very influential at the ''ordo'' (palace) of the Mongol regimes in various times.
References
See also
*L ...
*
List of Mongol states
This is a list of Mongol states. The Mongols founded many states such as the vast Mongol Empire and other states. The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.
Pre-modern states
Modern states
Aut ...
*
Yuan dynasty family tree
This is a family tree of Chinese monarchs from the Yuan dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty.
__TOC__
Yuan dynasty and Northern Yuan
The following is the Yuan dynasty family tree. Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire in 1206. The empi ...
References
Citations
Sources
* Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi
* Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
* Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368
* William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
* Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
{{Mongol ethnic groups
*
*
*
History of the Mongol Empire
Lists of khans
Mongolia
Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...
Rulers
A ruler, sometimes called a rule, line gauge, or scale, is a device used in geometry and technical drawing, as well as the engineering and construction industries, to measure distances or draw straight lines.
Variants
Rulers have long ...