This is a list of minerals for which there are articles on Wikipedia.

Mineral In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. ...

s are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various ''species''. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral ''variety''. Mineral variety names are listed after the valid minerals for each letter. For a more complete listing of all mineral names, see

List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association Mineralogy is an active science in which minerals are discovered or recognised on a regular basis. Use of old mineral names is also discontinued, for example when a name is no longer considered valid. Therefore, a list of recognised mineral specie ...

A

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Adamantine spar (variety of corundum) *

Agate Agate () is a common rock formation, consisting of chalcedony and quartz as its primary components, with a wide variety of colors. Agates are primarily formed within volcanic and metamorphic rocks. The ornamental use of agate was common in ...

(variety of chalcedony and quartz) *

Alabaster Alabaster is a mineral or rock that is soft, often used for carving, and is processed for plaster powder. Archaeologists and the stone processing industry use the word differently from geologists. The former use it in a wider sense that includes ...

(variety of gypsum) *

Alexandrite The mineral or gemstone chrysoberyl is an aluminate of beryllium with the formula Be Al2 O4. The name chrysoberyl is derived from the Greek words χρυσός ''chrysos'' and βήρυλλος ''beryllos'', meaning "a gold-white spar". Despit ...

(variety of chrysoberyl) *

Allingite Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In Ma ...

(synonym of amber) *

Alum An alum () is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double sulfate salt of aluminium with the general formula , where is a monovalent cation such as potassium or ammonium. By itself, "alum" often refers to potassium alum, with t ...

Amazonite Amazonite, also known as Amazonstone, is a green tectosilicate mineral, a variety of the potassium feldspar called microcline. Its chemical formula is KAlSi3O8, which is polymorphic to orthoclase. Its name is taken from that of the Amazon River ...

(variety of microcline) *

Amethyst Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. The name comes from the Koine Greek αμέθυστος ''amethystos'' from α- ''a-'', "not" and μεθύσκω (Ancient Greek) / μεθώ (Modern Greek), "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that ...

(purple variety of quartz) *

Ametrine Ametrine, also known as trystine or by its trade name as bolivianite, is a naturally occurring variety of quartz. It is a mixture of amethyst and citrine with zones of purple and yellow or orange. Almost all commercially available ametrine is m ...

(variety of quartz) * Ammolite (organic; also a gemstone) * Amosite (asbestiform grunerite) *

Antozonite Antozonite (historically known as Stinkspat, Stinkfluss, Stinkstein, Stinkspar and fetid fluorite) is a radioactive fluorite variety first found in Wölsendorf, Bavaria, in 1841, and named in 1862. It is characterized by the presence of multipl ...

(variety of fluorite) *

Anyolite Anyolite is a metamorphic rock composed of intergrown green zoisite, black/dark green pargasite and ruby. It has been found in the Arusha Region of Tanzania and in Austria. It is sometimes incorrectly advertised as a variety of the mineral zoisite ...

(metamorphic rock - zoisite, ruby, and hornblende) * Aquamarine (light blue variety of beryl) *

Argentite In mineralogy, argentite (from the Latin ''argentum'', silver) is cubic silver sulfide (Ag2S), which can only exist at temperatures above 173 °C, 177 °C or 179 °C. When it cools to ordinary temperatures it turns into its monocli ...

(high temperature form of acanthite) * Asbestos (fibrous serpentine- or amphibole minerals) *

Auerlite Auerlite is a rare North Carolina mineral variety, remarkably rich in thoria, named after Carl Auer von Welsbach, the inventor of the Welsbach incandescent gas mantle. It is considered to be a phosphorus bearing variety of thorite. Description ...

(variety of thorite) *

Avalite Illite is a group of closely related non-expanding clay minerals. Illite is a secondary mineral precipitate, and an example of a phyllosilicate, or layered alumino-silicate. Its structure is a 2:1 sandwich of silica tetrahedron (T) – alumina ...

(chromian variety of illite) * Aventurine (variety of quartz)

B

Biotite aggregate - Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Barbertonite (polytype of stichtite) *

Bauxite Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) and diaspore (α-AlO(O ...

(aluminium ore) *

Beckerite Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In M ...

(natural resin) *

Bentonite Bentonite () is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite (a type of smectite) which can either be Na-montmorillonite or Ca-montmorillonite. Na-montmorillonite has a considerably greater swelling capacity than Ca-m ...

(mixture of montmorillonite and other clays) *

Bixbite Red beryl, formerly known as bixbite and marketed as red emerald or scarlet emerald, is an extremely rare variety of beryl as well as one of the rarest minerals on Earth. The gem gets its red color from manganese ions embedded inside of berylliu ...

(red gem variety of beryl) * Bowenite (variety of antigorite) * Brammallite (variety of illite) *

Brokenhillite Brokenhillite is a rare mineral that is only found in the far-western regions of New South Wales in Broken Hill, Australia. Although it has been given a name and chemical formula, it has not been approved by the International Mineralogical Assoc ...

(not approved by IMA) *

Buergerite Fluor-buergerite, originally named buergerite, is a mineral species belonging to the tourmaline group. It was first described for an occurrence in rhyolitic cavities near Mexquitic, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. It was approved as a mineral in 196 ...

(renamed to fluor-buergerite) * Bursaite (not approved by IMA) * Bytownite (variety of anorthite)

C

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Campylite (variety of mimetite) *

Carnelian Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semi-precious gemstone. Similar to carnelian is sard, which is generally harder and darker (the difference is not rigidly defined, and the two names are often use ...

(variety of quartz) *

Cementite Cementite (or iron carbide) is a compound of iron and carbon, more precisely an intermediate transition metal carbide with the formula Fe3C. By weight, it is 6.67% carbon and 93.3% iron. It has an orthorhombic crystal structure. It is a hard, brit ...

(synthetic cohenite) *

Ceylonite Ceylonite (first cited 1793) and pleonaste (first cited 1801) or pleonast are dingy blue or grey to black varieties of spinel. Ceylonite, named for the island of Ceylon, is a ferroan spinel with Mg:Fe from 3:1 and 1:1, and little or no ferric ir ...

(variety of spinel) *

Chalcedony Chalcedony ( , or ) is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. These are both silica minerals, but they differ in that quartz has a trigonal crystal structure, while moganite is monocl ...

(cryptocrystalline variety of quartz and moganite) * Chiastolite (variety of andalusite) * Chlorastrolite (variety of pumpellyite-(Mg)) *

Chrysoprase Chrysoprase, chrysophrase or chrysoprasus is a gemstone variety of chalcedony (a cryptocrystalline form of silica) that contains small quantities of nickel. Its color is normally apple-green, but varies to deep green. The darker varieties of chry ...

(green nickel bearing chalcedony) *

Chrysotile Chrysotile or white asbestos is the most commonly encountered form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos in the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (2007)29 C.F.R.&n ...

(group name - asbestiform serpentine) * Citrine (yellow variety of quartz) * Cleveite (variety of uraninite) *

Clinochrysotile Chrysotile or white asbestos is the most commonly encountered form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos in the United StatesOccupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (2007)29 C.F.R.&nb ...

(polytype of chrysotile) *

Coltan Coltan (short for columbite–tantalites and known industrially as tantalite) is a dull black metallic ore from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted. The niobium-dominant mineral in coltan is columbite (after niobium's original ...

(short for minerals of the columbite group) *

Crocidolite Riebeckite is a sodium-rich member of the amphibole group of silicate minerals, chemical formula Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2. It forms a solid solution series with magnesioriebeckite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, usually as long prisma ...

(asbestiform riebeckite) * Cymophane (variety of chrysoberyl)

D

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Delessite Delessite is a mineral variety, a magnesium-rich form of chamosite Chamosite is the Fe2+end member of the chlorite group. A hydrous aluminium silicate of iron, which is produced in an environment of low to moderate grade of metamorphosed iron ...

(magnesian chamosite) * Diallage (a junction between augite and diopside)

E

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Elsmoreite (pure hydrokenoelsmoreite) *

Emerald Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium.Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. and Kammerling, Robert C. (1991) ''Gemology'', John Wiley & Sons, New York, p ...

(green gem variety of beryl)

F

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Fassaite (variety of augite) * Ferrocolumbite (synonym of columbite-(Fe)) *

Ferrotantalite The mineral group tantalite Fe,_manganese.html"_;"title="iron.html"_;"title="iron">Fe,_manganese">Mn)Tantalum">Ta2oxygen.html" ;"title="manganese">Mn)Tantalum.html" ;"title="iron">Fe,_manganese.html" ;"title="iron.html" ;"title="iron">Fe, manga ...

(synonym of tantalite-(Fe)) *

Fluorspar Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It belongs to the halide minerals. It crystallizes in isometric cubic habit, although octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon. The Mohs scal ...

(synonym of fluorite) * Francolite (variety of fluorapatite)

G

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Garnierite Garnierite is a general name for a green nickel ore which is found in pockets and veins within weathered and serpentinized ultramafic rocks. It forms by lateritic weathering of ultramafic rocks and occurs in many nickel laterite deposits in the w ...

(a nickel ore) *

Gedanite Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In Ma ...

(fossilized resin) *

Glessite Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In Ma ...

(natural resin) * Goshenite (colorless variety of beryl)

H

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Hatchettite (a paraffin wax) *

Heliodor Beryl ( ) is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Be3Al2Si6O18. Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and aquamarine. Naturally occurring, hexagonal crystals of beryl can be up to several meter ...

(greenish-yellow variety of beryl) * Heliotrope (variety of chalcedony) *

Hessonite Grossular is a calcium-aluminium species of the garnet group of minerals. It has the chemical formula of Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 but the calcium may, in part, be replaced by ferrous iron and the aluminium by ferric iron. The name grossular is derived from t ...

(variety of grossular) *

Hiddenite Hiddenite is a pale-to-emerald green variety of spodumene that is sometimes used as a gemstone. The first specimens of the hiddenite variety of spodumene were recovered about 1879 near the tiny settlement of White Plains, west of Stony Point, ...

(variety of spodumene) * Hyalite (variety of opal) * Hyalophane (synonym of jaloallofane) *

Hypersthene Hypersthene is a common rock-forming inosilicate mineral belonging to the group of orthorhombic pyroxenes. Its chemical formula is . It is found in igneous and some metamorphic rocks as well as in stony and iron meteorites. Many references have fo ...

(synonym of enstatite or ferrosilite, or mid-way member of the enstatite–ferrosilite series) (not approved by IMA)

I

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Idocrase Vesuvianite, also known as idocrase, is a green, brown, yellow, or blue silicate mineral. Vesuvianite occurs as Tetragonal crystal system, tetragonal crystals in skarn deposits and limestones that have been subjected to contact metamorphism. It w ...

(synonym of vesuvianite) * Iolite (a gem-quality variety of cordierite)

J

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Jade Jade is a mineral used as jewellery or for ornaments. It is typically green, although may be yellow or white. Jade can refer to either of two different silicate minerals: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole gro ...

(tough, green mineral either jadeite or

nephrite Nephrite is a variety of the calcium, magnesium, and iron-rich amphibole minerals tremolite or actinolite (aggregates of which also make up one form of asbestos). The chemical formula for nephrite is Ca2( Mg, Fe)5 Si8 O22(O H)2. It is one o ...

amphibole) *

Jasper Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases,Kostov, R. I. 2010. Review on the mineralogical systematics of jasper and related rocks. – Archaeometry Workshop, 7, 3, 209-213PDF/ref> ...

(variety of quartz) *

Jeffersonite Jeffersonite is a dark green pyroxene mineral, a manganese zinc enriched variety of augite, chemical formula , sometimes compared to aegirine. Jeffersonite is not a recognized mineral name. It occurs in pegmatites where it can form crystals up ...

(variety of augite)

K

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Keilhauite Keilhauite (also known as ''yttrotitanite'') is a variety of the mineral titanite of a brownish black color, related to titanite in form. It consists chiefly of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium oxide, and yttrium oxide. The variety was ...

(variety of titanite) * Kerolite (variety of talc) (not approved by IMA) *

Krantzite Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In Ma ...

(natural resin) *

Kunzite Spodumene is a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate, Li Al( Si O3)2, and is a source of lithium. It occurs as colorless to yellowish, purplish, or lilac kunzite (see below), yellowish-green or emerald-green hiddenite ...

(variety of spodumene)

L

Liddicoatite, quartz, feldspath 300-4-0983

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Larimar Larimar is the tradename for a rare blue variety of the silicate mineral pectolite found only in the Dominican Republic, around the city of Barahona. Its coloration varies from bluish white, light-blue, light-green, green-blue, turquoise blue, t ...

(blue variety of

pectolite Pectolite is a white to gray mineral, Na Ca2 Si3 O8(O H), sodium calcium hydroxide inosilicate. It crystallizes in the triclinic system typically occurring in radiated or fibrous crystalline masses. It has a Mohs hardness of 4.5 to 5 and a specif ...

) * Lignite (a type of coal) *

Lodestone Lodestones are naturally magnetized pieces of the mineral magnetite. They are naturally occurring magnets, which can attract iron. The property of magnetism was first discovered in antiquity through lodestones. Pieces of lodestone, suspen ...

(a synonym of magnetite) * Lublinite (variety of calcite)

M

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Magnesia * Magnesiocummingtonite (magnesium-rich variety of cummingtonite) * Malacolite (synonym of diopside) *

Manganocolumbite Columbite, also called niobite, niobite-tantalite and columbate [], is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium. It has a submetallic Lustre (mineralogy), luster and a high density and is a niobate of iron and manganese. This mineral group ...

(synonym of columbite-(Mn)) * Manganotantalite (synonym of tantalite-(Mn)) *

Mariposite Mariposite is a mineral which is a chromium-rich variety of mica, which imparts an attractive green color to the generally white dolomitic marble in which it is commonly found. It was named for Mariposa, California, United States, though it can b ...

(variety of phengite/muscovite) *

Meerschaum Sepiolite, also known in English by the German name meerschaum ( , ; ; meaning "sea foam"), is a soft white clay mineral, often used to make tobacco pipes (known as meerschaum pipes). A complex magnesium silicate, a typical chemical formula for ...

(variety of sepiolite) * Melanite (variety of andradite) * Menilite (variety of opal) * Milky quartz (a cloudy white quartz) * Morganite (a pink beryl)

N

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Nephrite Nephrite is a variety of the calcium, magnesium, and iron-rich amphibole minerals tremolite or actinolite (aggregates of which also make up one form of asbestos). The chemical formula for nephrite is Ca2( Mg, Fe)5 Si8 O22(O H)2. It is one o ...

(variety of tremolite/actinolite) * Niobite (synonym of columbite) *

Niobite-tantalite Columbite, also called niobite, niobite-tantalite and columbate [], is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium. It has a submetallic Lustre (mineralogy), luster and a high density and is a niobate of iron and manganese. This mineral group w ...

(synonym of columbite-tantalite)

O

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Oligoclase Oligoclase is a rock-forming mineral belonging to the plagioclase feldspars. In chemical composition and in its crystallographic and physical characters it is intermediate between albite ( Na Al Si3 O8) and anorthite ( CaAl2Si2O8). The albite:an ...

(a mixture of albite and anorthite) *

Onyx Onyx primarily refers to the parallel banded variety of chalcedony, a silicate mineral. Agate and onyx are both varieties of layered chalcedony that differ only in the form of the bands: agate has curved bands and onyx has parallel bands. The c ...

(a monochromatic banded variety of chalcedony) *

Orthochrysotile Chrysotile or white asbestos is the most commonly encountered form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos in the United StatesOccupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (2007)29 C.F.R.&nb ...

(a polytype of chrysotile)

P

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Parachrysotile Chrysotile or white asbestos is the most commonly encountered form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos in the United StatesOccupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (2007)29 C.F.R.&nb ...

(a polytype of chrysotile) * Pelagosite (variety of aragonite) * Pericline (variety of albite) *

Peridot Peridot ( /ˈpɛr.ɪˌdɒt, -ˌdoʊ/ ''PERR-ih-dot, -⁠doh''), sometimes called chrysolite, is a deep yellowish-green transparent variety of olivine. Peridot is one of the few gemstones that only occurs in one color. Peridot can be found in ...

(gem-quality olivine) *

Perlite Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content, typically formed by the hydration of obsidian. It occurs naturally and has the unusual property of greatly expanding when heated sufficiently. It is an industrial ...

(volcanic glass) * Phengite (variety of muscovite) * Phosphorite (name given to impure, massive apatite.) * Pimelite (not approved by IMA) *

Pitchblende Uraninite, formerly pitchblende, is a radioactive, uranium-rich mineral and ore with a chemical composition that is largely UO2 but because of oxidation typically contains variable proportions of U3O8. Radioactive decay of the uranium causes ...

(a massive impure form of uraninite) *

Plessite Plessite is a meteorite texture consisting of a fine-grained mixture of the minerals kamacite and taenite found in the octahedrite iron meteorites. It occurs in gaps (its name is derived from the Greek "plythos" meaning "filling"according tMinda ...

(mixture of

kamacite Kamacite is an alloy of iron and nickel, which is found on Earth only in meteorites. According to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) it is considered a proper nickel-rich variety of the mineral native iron. The proportion iron:ni ...

and

taenite Taenite is a mineral found naturally on Earth mostly in iron meteorites. It is an alloy of iron and nickel, with a chemical formula of and nickel proportions of 20% up to 65%. The name is derived from the Greek ταινία for "band, ribbon" ...

) *

Potassium alum Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound: the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2. It is commonly encountered as the dodecahydrate, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O. It crystalli ...

or potash alum (as a mineral, is called alum-(K))

Q

R

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Rashleighite (variety of turquoise) *

Rhodolite Rhodolite is a varietal name for rose-pink to red mineral pyrope, a species in the garnet group. It was first described from Cowee Valley, Macon County, North Carolina. The name is derived from the Greek "rhodon" for "rose-like", in common wit ...

(variety of pyrope) *

Rock crystal Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical form ...

(quartz) *

Rose quartz Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical for ...

(pink variety of quartz) *

Roumanite Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In ...

(amber) *

Ruby A ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapp ...

(red gem corundum)

S

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Sapphire Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide () with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, vanadium, or magnesium. The name sapphire is derived via the Latin "sap ...

(gem corundum of any color except red, especially blue varieties) *

Sard is a Japanese tuning company and racing team from Toyota, Aichi, mainly competing in the Super GT series and specialising in Toyota tuning parts. History The company was formed in 1972 as Sigma Automotive Co., Ltd by Shin Kato to develop and ...

(a variety of chalcedony/quartz) *

Satinspar Selenite, satin spar, desert rose, gypsum flower are crystal habit varieties of the mineral gypsum. All varieties of gypsum, including selenite and alabaster, are composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate (meaning that it has two molecules of wat ...

(a variety of gypsum) * Selenite (a variety of gypsum) *

Simetite Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In Ma ...

(a variety of amber) *

Smoky quartz Smoky quartz is a brownish grey, translucent variety of quartz that ranges in clarity from almost complete transparency to an almost-opaque brownish-gray or black crystals. The smoky color results from free silicon formed from the silicon dioxide ...

(a brown or black variety of quartz) * Soda niter (synonym of nitratine) * Spectrolite (a variety of labradorite) *

Spessartite Lamprophyres () are uncommon, small-volume ultrapotassic igneous rocks primarily occurring as dikes, lopoliths, laccoliths, stocks, and small intrusions. They are alkaline silica-undersaturated mafic or ultramafic rocks with high magnesium ox ...

(synonym of spessartine) *

Sphene Titanite, or sphene (from the Greek ''sphenos'' (σφηνώ), meaning wedge), is a calcium titanium nesosilicate mineral, Ca Ti Si O5. Trace impurities of iron and aluminium are typically present. Also commonly present are rare earth me ...

(synonym of titanite) *

Stantienite Amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects."Amber" (2004). In Ma ...

(a variety of amber) * Stibiconite (grandfathered by IMA) * Sunstone (a variety of either oligoclase or orthoclase)

T

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Tanzanite Tanzanite is the blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite (a calcium aluminium hydroxyl sorosilicate), caused by small amounts of vanadium. Tanzanite belongs to the epidote mineral group. Tanzanite is only found in Simanjiro District o ...

(variety of zoisite) * Thulite (variety of zoisite) * Thuringite (variety of chamosite) *

Travertine Travertine ( ) is a form of terrestrial limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and even rusty varieties. It is formed by a pro ...

(form of calcium carbonate) *

Tsavorite Tsavorite or tsavolite is a variety of the garnet group species grossular, a calcium-aluminium garnet with the formula Ca3 Al2 Si3 O12. Gemological Institute of America, ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, Trace amounts of vanadium or chromium pro ...

(gem variety of grossularite garnet)

U

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Ultramarine Ultramarine is a deep blue color pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder. The name comes from the Latin ''ultramarinus'', literally 'beyond the sea', because the pigment was imported into Europe from mines in Afgh ...

* Uralite (alteration actinolite)

V

W

X

Y

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Yttrocerite (variety of fluorite) *

Yttrocolumbite Columbite, also called niobite, niobite-tantalite and columbate [], is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium. It has a submetallic Lustre (mineralogy), luster and a high density and is a niobate of iron and manganese. This mineral group w ...

(variety of columbite)

Z

Goosecreekite-Heulandite-Ca-Quartz-indi-41a

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Zajacite-(Ce) Gagarinite-(Ce) previously zajacite-(Ce) is a rare radioactive fluoride mineral with formula Na( REE''x'' Ca1−''x'')(REE''y''Ca1−''y'') F6. REE refers to rare-earth elements, mostly those belonging to the lanthanide series. It crystallizes in ...

(name changed to gagarinite-(Ce)) *

Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) Kukharenkoite-(Ce) is a barium cerium fluoride carbonate mineral, formula Ba2CeF(CO3)3. It was identified from samples found in the Mont-Saint-Hilaire alkaline intrusive complex, Quebec, and the Khibiny Massif, Kola peninsula, Russia. It was named ...

(considered to be kukharenkoite-(Ce) or huanghoite-(Ce)) *

Zinalsite Fraipontite is a zinc aluminium silicate mineral with a formula of . It is a member of the kaolinite-serpentine mineral group and occurs as an oxidation product of zinc deposits. It occurs with smithsonite, gebhardite, willemite, cerussite and ...

(synonym of fraipontite)

External links

{{Commons category, Minerals
Mineralatlas.eu - The mineralogical and geological database

Mindat.org – The Mineral Database

Gemdat.org – The Gemstone Database

Gemsociety.org - Gemstone Toxicity Table
List01 *List01 Minerals01

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T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

See also

External links