This is a list of minerals for which there are articles on Wikipedia.

Mineral In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid chemical compound with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. ( ...

s are distinguished by various chemical and physical properties. Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various ''species''. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral ''variety''. Mineral variety names are listed after the valid minerals for each letter. For a more complete listing of all mineral names, see

List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association Mineralogy is an active science in which minerals are discovered or recognised on a regular basis. Use of old mineral names is also discontinued, for example when a name is no longer considered valid. Therefore, a list of recognised mineral specie ...

A

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Adamantine spar (variety of corundum) *

Agate Agate () is a common rock formation, consisting of chalcedony and quartz as its primary components, with a wide variety of colors. Agates are primarily formed within volcanic and metamorphic rocks. The ornamental use of agate was common in Ancie ...

(variety of chalcedony and quartz) *

Alabaster Alabaster is a mineral or rock that is soft, often used for carving, and is processed for plaster powder. Archaeologists and the stone processing industry use the word differently from geologists. The former use it in a wider sense that includes ...

(variety of gypsum) *

Alexandrite The mineral or gemstone chrysoberyl is an aluminate of beryllium with the formula Be Al2 O4. The name chrysoberyl is derived from the Greek words χρυσός ''chrysos'' and βήρυλλος ''beryllos'', meaning "a gold-white spar". Despite ...

(variety of chrysoberyl) * Allingite (synonym of amber) *

Alum An alum () is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double salt, double sulfate salt (chemistry), salt of aluminium with the general chemical formula, formula , where is a valence (chemistry), monovalent cation such as potassium or a ...

Amazonite Amazonite, also known as Amazonstone, is a green tectosilicate mineral, a variety of the potassium feldspar called microcline. Its chemical formula is KAlSi3O8, which is polymorphic to orthoclase. Its name is taken from that of the Amazon River, ...

(variety of microcline) *

Amethyst Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. The name comes from the Koine Greek αμέθυστος ''amethystos'' from α- ''a-'', "not" and μεθύσκω (Ancient Greek) / μεθώ (Modern Greek), "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that t ...

(purple variety of quartz) *

Ametrine Ametrine, also known as trystine or by its trade name as bolivianite, is a naturally occurring variety of quartz. It is a mixture of amethyst and citrine with zones of purple and yellow or orange. Almost all commercially available ametrine is m ...

(variety of quartz) *

Ammolite Ammolite is an opal-like organic gemstone found primarily along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains of North America. It is made of the fossilized shells of ammonites, which in turn are composed primarily of aragonite, the same mineral con ...

(organic; also a

gemstone A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, or semiprecious stone) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments. However, certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli, opal, ...

) *

Amosite Grunerite is a mineral of the amphibole group of minerals with formula Fe7 Si8 O22( OH)2. It is the iron endmember of the grunerite-cummingtonite series. It forms as fibrous, columnar or massive aggregates of crystals. The crystals are monoclin ...

(asbestiform grunerite) *

Antozonite Antozonite (historically known as Stinkspat, Stinkfluss, Stinkstein, Stinkspar and fetid fluorite) is a radioactive fluorite variety first found in Wölsendorf, Bavaria, in 1841, and named in 1862. It is characterized by the presence of multipl ...

(variety of fluorite) *

Anyolite Anyolite is a metamorphic rock composed of intergrown green zoisite, black/dark green pargasite and ruby. It has been found in the Arusha Region of Tanzania and in Austria. It is sometimes incorrectly advertised as a variety of the mineral zoisit ...

(metamorphic rock - zoisite, ruby, and hornblende) * Aquamarine (light blue variety of beryl) *

Argentite In mineralogy, argentite (from the Latin ''argentum'', silver) is cubic silver sulfide (Ag2S), which can only exist at temperatures above 173 °C, 177 °C or 179 °C. When it cools to ordinary temperatures it turns into its monocl ...

(high temperature form of acanthite) *

Asbestos Asbestos () is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral. There are six types, all of which are composed of long and thin fibrous crystals, each fibre being composed of many microscopic "fibrils" that can be released into the atmosphere b ...

(fibrous serpentine- or amphibole minerals) * Auerlite (variety of thorite) * Avalite (chromian variety of illite) *

Aventurine Aventurine is a form of quartz, characterised by its translucency and the presence of platy mineral inclusions that give it a shimmering or glistening effect termed ''aventurescence''. Background The most common color of aventurine is green, but ...

(variety of quartz)

B

Biotite aggregate - Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Barbertonite (polytype of stichtite) *

Bauxite Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) and diaspore (α-AlO(O ...

(aluminium ore) * Beckerite (natural resin) *

Bentonite Bentonite () is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite (a type of smectite) which can either be Na-montmorillonite or Ca-montmorillonite. Na-montmorillonite has a considerably greater swelling capacity than Ca-mon ...

(mixture of montmorillonite and other clays) * Bixbite (red gem variety of beryl) *

Bowenite Bowenite is a hard, compact variety of the serpentinite species antigorite, (Mg3(OH)O4Si2O5). Classed as semi-precious gemstone it has been used for tools, weapons and jewellery by the Māori in New Zealand, and for jewellery by Fabergé. Deposits ...

(variety of antigorite) *

Brammallite Brammallite is a sodium rich analogue of illite. First described in 1943 for an occurrence in Llandybie, Carmarthenshire, Wales, it was named for British geologist and mineralogist Alfred Brammall (1879–1954). Believed to be a degradation pro ...

(variety of illite) * Brokenhillite (not approved by IMA) * Buergerite (renamed to fluor-buergerite) * Bursaite (not approved by IMA) *

Bytownite Bytownite is a calcium rich member of the plagioclase solid solution series of feldspar minerals with composition between anorthite and labradorite. It is usually defined as having between 70 and 90% An (formula: (Ca0.7-0.9,Na0.3-0.1) l(Al,Si)Si2O ...

(variety of anorthite)

C

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Campylite Campylite is a variety of the lead arsenate mineral mimetite which received the name from the Greek 'kampylos'- bent, on account of the barrel-shaped bend of its crystals. It has also been used as an alternate name for pyromorphite. It occurs in ...

(variety of mimetite) *

Carnelian Carnelian (also spelled cornelian) is a brownish-red mineral commonly used as a semi-precious gemstone. Similar to carnelian is sard, which is generally harder and darker (the difference is not rigidly defined, and the two names are often use ...

(variety of quartz) *

Cementite Cementite (or iron carbide) is a compound of iron and carbon, more precisely an intermediate transition metal carbide with the formula Fe3C. By weight, it is 6.67% carbon and 93.3% iron. It has an orthorhombic crystal structure. It is a hard, brit ...

(synthetic cohenite) * Ceylonite (variety of spinel) *

Chalcedony Chalcedony ( , or ) is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. These are both silica minerals, but they differ in that quartz has a trigonal crystal structure, while moganite is monoclinic. ...

(cryptocrystalline variety of quartz and moganite) *

Chiastolite Chiastolite ( ) is a variety of the mineral andalusite with the chemical composition Al2SiO5. It is noted for distinctive cross-shaped black inclusions of graphite. The presence of the cross caused this mineral be used as a gem. Chiastolite spec ...

(variety of andalusite) *

Chlorastrolite Chlorastrolite, also known as Isle Royale Greenstone, is a green or bluish green stone.Arguably the rarest gemstone in the world and one of the most valuable American gemstones. The gem quality specimens are typically found on Isle Royale, a large ...

(variety of pumpellyite-(Mg)) *

Chrysoprase Chrysoprase, chrysophrase or chrysoprasus is a gemstone variety of chalcedony (a cryptocrystalline form of silica) that contains small quantities of nickel. Its color is normally apple-green, but varies to deep green. The darker varieties of chry ...

(green nickel bearing chalcedony) *

Chrysotile Chrysotile or white asbestos is the most commonly encountered form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos in the United StatesOccupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor (2007)29 C.F.R.&nbs ...

(group name - asbestiform serpentine) * Citrine (yellow variety of quartz) *

Cleveite Cleveite is an impure radioactive variety of uraninite containing uranium, found in Norway. It has the composition UO2 with about 10% of the uranium substituted by rare-earth elements. It was named after Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve. Cleveit ...

(variety of uraninite) * Clinochrysotile (polytype of chrysotile) *

Coltan Coltan (short for columbite–tantalites and known industrially as tantalite) is a dull black metallic ore from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted. The niobium-dominant mineral in coltan is columbite (after niobium's original A ...

(short for minerals of the columbite group) *

Crocidolite Riebeckite is a sodium-rich member of the amphibole group of silicate minerals, chemical formula Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2. It forms a solid solution series with magnesioriebeckite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, usually as long prisma ...

(asbestiform riebeckite) *

Cymophane The mineral or gemstone chrysoberyl is an aluminate of beryllium with the formula Be Al2 O4. The name chrysoberyl is derived from the Greek words χρυσός ''chrysos'' and βήρυλλος ''beryllos'', meaning "a gold-white spar". Despite ...

(variety of chrysoberyl)

D

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Delessite (magnesian chamosite) *

Diallage Diallage is an inosilicate, meaning it is a chain silicate, and is a part of the pyroxene group. Diallage is a junction between augite and diopside, just like fassaite. It was named in 1801 by René Just Haüy. Its name derives from the Greek word ...

(a junction between augite and diopside)

E

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Elsmoreite (pure hydrokenoelsmoreite) *

Emerald Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium.Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. and Kammerling, Robert C. (1991) ''Gemology'', John Wiley & Sons, New York, p ...

(green gem variety of beryl)

F

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Fassaite (variety of augite) *

Ferrocolumbite Columbite, also called niobite, niobite-tantalite and columbate [], is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium. It has a submetallic Lustre (mineralogy), luster and a high density and is a niobate of iron and manganese. This mineral group ...

(synonym of columbite-(Fe)) * Ferrotantalite (synonym of tantalite-(Fe)) *

Fluorspar Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2. It belongs to the halide minerals. It crystallizes in isometric cubic habit, although octahedral and more complex isometric forms are not uncommon. The Mohs scal ...

(synonym of fluorite) *

Francolite Francolite is a carbonate rich variety of the mineral fluorapatitehttp://www.mindat.org/min-4910.html Mindat.org and is present in most sedimentary phosphorites. It has a variable chemical composition which can be represented by .R. A. Benmore, ...

(variety of fluorapatite)

G

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Garnierite Garnierite is a general name for a green nickel ore which is found in pockets and veins within weathered and serpentinized ultramafic rocks. It forms by lateritic weathering of ultramafic rocks and occurs in many nickel laterite deposits in the ...

(a nickel ore) * Gedanite (fossilized resin) * Glessite (natural resin) *

Goshenite Goshenite is a colorless gem variety of beryl. It is called the mother of all gemstones because it can be transformed into other like emerald, morganite, or bixbite. Goshenite is also referred to as the purest form of beryl since there are genera ...

(colorless variety of beryl)

H

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Hatchettite Hatchettite (also mountain tallow, mineral tallow, mineral adipocire, or adipocerite) is a mineral hydrocarbon. It has been claimed to be the same as evenkite. Characteristics Hatchettite occurs in the coal measures of Belgium and elsewhere, occ ...

(a paraffin wax) *

Heliodor Beryl ( ) is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Be3Al2Si6O18. Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and aquamarine. Naturally occurring, hexagonal crystals of beryl can be up to several met ...

(greenish-yellow variety of beryl) * Heliotrope (variety of chalcedony) *

Hessonite Grossular is a calcium-aluminium species of the garnet group of minerals. It has the chemical formula of Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 but the calcium may, in part, be replaced by ferrous iron and the aluminium by ferric iron. The name grossular is derived from t ...

(variety of grossular) *

Hiddenite Hiddenite is a pale-to-emerald green variety of spodumene that is sometimes used as a gemstone. The first specimens of the hiddenite variety of spodumene were recovered about 1879 near the tiny settlement of White Plains, west of Stony Point, A ...

(variety of spodumene) *

Hyalite Hyalite is a transparent form of opal with a glassy lustre. It may exhibit an internal play of colors if natural inclusions are present. It is also called Muller's glass, water opal, and jalite. Müller's glass is named after its discoverer, Fra ...

(variety of opal) * Hyalophane (synonym of jaloallofane) *

Hypersthene Hypersthene is a common rock-forming inosilicate mineral belonging to the group of orthorhombic pyroxenes. Its chemical formula is . It is found in igneous and some metamorphic rocks as well as in stony and iron meteorites. Many references have f ...

(synonym of enstatite or ferrosilite, or mid-way member of the enstatite–ferrosilite series) (not approved by IMA)

I

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Idocrase Vesuvianite, also known as idocrase, is a green, brown, yellow, or blue silicate mineral. Vesuvianite occurs as tetragonal crystals in skarn deposits and limestones that have been subjected to contact metamorphism. It was first discovered within ...

(synonym of vesuvianite) *

Iolite Cordierite (mineralogy) or iolite (gemology) is a magnesium iron aluminium cyclosilicate. Iron is almost always present and a solid solution exists between Mg-rich cordierite and Fe-rich sekaninaite with a series formula: to . A high-temperat ...

(a gem-quality variety of cordierite)

J

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Jade Jade is a mineral used as jewellery or for ornaments. It is typically green, although may be yellow or white. Jade can refer to either of two different silicate minerals: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole group of ...

(tough, green mineral either jadeite or

nephrite Nephrite is a variety of the calcium, magnesium, and iron-rich amphibole minerals tremolite or actinolite (Aggregate (geology), aggregates of which also make up one form of asbestos). The chemical formula for nephrite is calcium, Ca2(magnesium, ...

amphibole) *

Jasper Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases,Kostov, R. I. 2010. Review on the mineralogical systematics of jasper and related rocks. – Archaeometry Workshop, 7, 3, 209-213PDF/ref> ...

(variety of quartz) * Jeffersonite (variety of augite)

K

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Keilhauite (variety of titanite) * Kerolite (variety of talc) (not approved by IMA) * Krantzite (natural resin) *

Kunzite Spodumene is a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate, Li Al( Si O3)2, and is a source of lithium. It occurs as colorless to yellowish, purplish, or lilac kunzite (see below), yellowish-green or emerald-green hiddenite, pr ...

(variety of spodumene)

L

Liddicoatite, quartz, feldspath 300-4-0983

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Larimar Larimar is the tradename for a rare blue variety of the silicate mineral pectolite found only in the Dominican Republic, around the city of Barahona, Dominican Republic, Barahona. Its coloration varies from bluish white, light-blue, light-green, ...

(blue variety of

pectolite Pectolite is a white to gray mineral, sodium, Nacalcium, Ca2silicon, Si3oxygen, O8(Ohydrogen, H), sodium calcium hydroxide inosilicate. It crystallizes in the triclinic system typically occurring in radiated or fibrous crystalline masses. It has a ...

) *

Lignite Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35%, and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat ...

(a type of coal) *

Lodestone Lodestones are naturally magnetized pieces of the mineral magnetite. They are naturally occurring magnets, which can attract iron. The property of magnetism was first discovered in antiquity through lodestones. Pieces of lodestone, suspen ...

(a synonym of magnetite) * Lublinite (variety of calcite)

M

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Magnesia *

Magnesiocummingtonite Magnesiocummingtonite is the magnesium rich endmember of the cummingtonite-grunerite series of the amphibole group of minerals, with the following composition: (Mg)7Si8O22(OH)2. Magnesiocummingtonite is considered to be an aptly named magnesium r ...

(magnesium-rich variety of cummingtonite) *

Malacolite Diopside is a monoclinic pyroxene mineral with composition . It forms complete solid solution series with hedenbergite () and augite, and partial solid solutions with orthopyroxene and pigeonite. It forms variably colored, but typically dull ...

(synonym of diopside) * Manganocolumbite (synonym of columbite-(Mn)) *

Manganotantalite The mineral group tantalite Fe,_manganese.html"_;"title="iron.html"_;"title="iron">Fe,_manganese">Mn)Tantalum">Ta2oxygen.html" ;"title="manganese">Mn)Tantalum.html" ;"title="iron">Fe,_manganese.html" ;"title="iron.html" ;"title="iron">Fe, manga ...

(synonym of tantalite-(Mn)) * Mariposite (variety of phengite/muscovite) *

Meerschaum Sepiolite, also known in English by the German name meerschaum ( , ; ; meaning "sea foam"), is a soft white clay mineral, often used to make tobacco pipes (known as meerschaum pipes). A complex magnesium silicate, a typical chemical formula for ...

(variety of sepiolite) *

Melanite Andradite is a mineral species of the garnet group. It is a nesosilicate, with formula Ca3Fe2Si3O12. Andradite includes three varieties: * ''Melanite'': Black in color, referred to as "titanian andradite".Menilite Menilite is a greyish-brown form of the mineraloid opal. It is also known as ''liver opal'' or ''leberopal'' (German), due to its color. It is called menilite because it was first described from Ménilmontant (Paris), France, where it occurs as ...

(variety of opal) *

Milky quartz Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen Tetrahedral molecular geometry, tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, ...

(a cloudy white quartz) *

Morganite Morganite is an orange or pink gemstone and is also a variety of beryl. Morganite can be mined in countries like Brazil, Afghanistan, Mozambique, Namibia, the United States, and Madagascar. Morganite has grown in popularity since 2010. ''Brides ...

(a pink beryl)

N

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Nephrite Nephrite is a variety of the calcium, magnesium, and iron-rich amphibole minerals tremolite or actinolite (Aggregate (geology), aggregates of which also make up one form of asbestos). The chemical formula for nephrite is calcium, Ca2(magnesium, ...

(variety of tremolite/actinolite) *

Niobite Columbite, also called niobite, niobite-tantalite and columbate [], is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium. It has a submetallic Lustre (mineralogy), luster and a high density and is a niobate of iron and manganese. This mineral group ...

(synonym of columbite) * Niobite-tantalite (synonym of columbite-tantalite)

O

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Oligoclase Oligoclase is a rock-forming mineral belonging to the plagioclase feldspars. In chemical composition and in its crystallographic and physical characters it is intermediate between albite ( Na Al Si3 O8) and anorthite ( CaAl2Si2O8). The albite:an ...

(a mixture of albite and anorthite) *

Onyx Onyx primarily refers to the parallel banded variety of chalcedony, a silicate mineral. Agate and onyx are both varieties of layered chalcedony that differ only in the form of the bands: agate has curved bands and onyx has parallel bands. The c ...

(a monochromatic banded variety of chalcedony) * Orthochrysotile (a polytype of chrysotile)

P

:Varieties that are not valid species: * Parachrysotile (a polytype of chrysotile) *

Pelagosite Pelagosite is a form of pisolitic aragonite ( Ca C O3) whose type locality is the Croatian island group of Palagruža (Italian ''Pelagosa'', whence the name) in the middle of the Adriatic. It was identified by R. Moser in ''Mineralogische und pet ...

(variety of aragonite) *

Pericline :''Pericline also refers to a doubly plunging anticline or syncline.'' Pericline is a form of albite exhibiting elongate prismatic crystals. Pericline twinning is a type of crystal twinning which show fine parallel twin laminae typically found in ...

(variety of albite) *

Peridot Peridot ( /ˈpɛr.ɪˌdɒt, -ˌdoʊ/ ''PERR-ih-dot, -⁠doh''), sometimes called chrysolite, is a deep yellowish-green transparent variety of olivine. Peridot is one of the few gemstones that only occurs in one color. Peridot can be found in ...

(gem-quality olivine) *

Perlite Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content, typically formed by the hydration of obsidian. It occurs naturally and has the unusual property of greatly expanding when heated sufficiently. It is an industrial m ...

(volcanic glass) *

Phengite Phengite is a series name for dioctahedral micas of composition K(AlMg)2(OH)2(SiAl)4O10 it is common for Mg or Fe2+ to substitute for Al on the Y site and a corresponding increase in Si on the Z site in the mica group formula ''X''2''Y''4–6''Z' ...

(variety of muscovite) *

Phosphorite Phosphorite, phosphate rock or rock phosphate is a non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals. The phosphate content of phosphorite (or grade of phosphate rock) varies greatly, from 4% to 20% phosphorus pentoxi ...

(name given to impure, massive apatite.) *

Pimelite Pimelite was discredited as a mineral species by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) in 2006, in an article which suggests that “pimelite” specimens are probably willemseite (which is approved), or kerolite (which is also disc ...

(not approved by IMA) *

Pitchblende Uraninite, formerly pitchblende, is a radioactive, uranium-rich mineral and ore with a chemical composition that is largely UO2 but because of oxidation typically contains variable proportions of U3O8. Radioactive decay of the uranium causes th ...

(a massive impure form of uraninite) *

Plessite Plessite is a meteorite texture consisting of a fine-grained mixture of the minerals kamacite and taenite found in the octahedrite iron meteorites. It occurs in gaps (its name is derived from the Greek "plythos" meaning "filling"according tMindat ...

(mixture of

kamacite Kamacite is an alloy of iron and nickel, which is found on Earth only in meteorites. According to the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) it is considered a proper nickel-rich variety of the mineral native iron. The proportion iron:ni ...

and

taenite Taenite is a mineral found naturally on Earth mostly in iron meteorites. It is an alloy of iron and nickel, with a chemical formula of and nickel proportions of 20% up to 65%. The name is derived from the Greek ταινία for "band, ribbon" ...

) *

Potassium alum Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound: the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2. It is commonly encountered as the dodecahydrate, KAl(SO4)2·12H2O. It crystalli ...

or potash alum (as a mineral, is called

alum-(K) Alum-(K) is a hydrous potassium aluminium sulfate mineral with formula KAl(SO4)2·12(H2O). It is the mineral form of potassium alum and is referred to as potassium alum in older sources. It is a member of the alum group. It occurs as colorless to ...

)

Q

R

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Rashleighite Rashleighite, also called henwoodite, is a ferrian variety of turquoise Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula . It is rare and valuable in finer grades a ...

(variety of turquoise) *

Rhodolite Rhodolite is a varietal name for rose-pink to red mineral pyrope, a species in the garnet group. It was first described from Cowee Valley, Macon County, North Carolina. The name is derived from the Greek "rhodon" for "rose-like", in common wit ...

(variety of pyrope) *

Rock crystal Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical form ...

(quartz) *

Rose quartz Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide). The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical form ...

(pink variety of quartz) * Roumanite (amber) *

Ruby A ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum ( aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sa ...

(red gem corundum)

S

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Sapphire Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide () with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, vanadium, or magnesium. The name sapphire is derived via the Latin "sapphir ...

(gem corundum of any color except red, especially blue varieties) *

Sard is a Japanese tuning company and racing team from Toyota, Aichi, mainly competing in the Super GT series and specialising in Toyota tuning parts. History The company was formed in 1972 as Sigma Automotive Co., Ltd by Shin Kato to develop and ...

(a variety of chalcedony/quartz) * Satinspar (a variety of gypsum) *

Selenite Selenite may refer to: Substances containing selenium *A selenium-containing anion or ionic compound with the SeO32− anion: **Selenite (ion), anion is a selenium oxoanion with the chemical formula SeO32− ***Selenous acid, the conjugate acid, w ...

(a variety of gypsum) * Simetite (a variety of amber) *

Smoky quartz Smoky quartz is a brownish grey, translucent variety of quartz that ranges in clarity from almost complete transparency to an almost-opaque brownish-gray or black crystals. The smoky color results from free silicon formed from the silicon dioxide ...

(a brown or black variety of quartz) *

Soda niter Nitratine or nitratite, also known as cubic niter (UK: nitre), soda niter or Chile saltpeter (UK: Chile saltpetre), is a mineral, the naturally occurring form of sodium nitrate, NaNO3. Chemically it is the sodium analogue of saltpeter. Nitratine ...

(synonym of nitratine) *

Spectrolite Spectrolite is an uncommon variety of labradorite feldspar. Colors Spectrolite exhibits a richer range of colors than other labradorites as for instance in Canada or Madagascar (which show mostly tones of blue-grey-green) and high labradorescen ...

(a variety of labradorite) * Spessartite (synonym of spessartine) *

Sphene Titanite, or sphene (from the Greek ''sphenos'' (σφηνώ), meaning wedge), is a calcium titanium nesosilicate mineral, Ca Ti Si O5. Trace impurities of iron and aluminium are typically present. Also commonly present are rare earth metals in ...

(synonym of titanite) * Stantienite (a variety of amber) *

Stibiconite Stibiconite is an antimony oxide mineral with formula: Sb3O6(OH). Its name originates from Greek "stibi" (antimony) and "konis" (powder), alluding to its composition and habit. It is a member of the pyrochlore super group. Discovery and occurren ...

(grandfathered by IMA) *

Sunstone Sunstone is a microcline or oligoclase feldspar, which when viewed from certain directions exhibits a spangled appearance. It has been found in Southern Norway, Sweden, various United States localities and on some beaches along the midcoast of ...

(a variety of either oligoclase or orthoclase)

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:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Tanzanite Tanzanite is the blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite (a calcium aluminium hydroxyl sorosilicate), caused by small amounts of vanadium. Tanzanite belongs to the epidote mineral group. Tanzanite is only found in Simanjiro District of M ...

(variety of zoisite) *

Thulite Thulite (sometimes called rosaline) is a translucent, crystalline or massive pink manganese-bearing variety of the mineral zoisite. Manganese substitutes for calcium in the structure with up to two percent Mn2+. Thulite is often mottled with white ...

(variety of zoisite) *

Thuringite Thuringite is a variety of the chlorite mineral chamosite, a hydrous iron and aluminium silicate mineral. It is usually found as small green scales deposited on other minerals, particularly to which it is closely related. It is named after the G ...

(variety of chamosite) *

Travertine Travertine ( ) is a form of terrestrial limestone deposited around mineral springs, especially hot springs. It often has a fibrous or concentric appearance and exists in white, tan, cream-colored, and even rusty varieties. It is formed by a pro ...

(form of calcium carbonate) *

Tsavorite Tsavorite or tsavolite is a variety of the garnet group species grossular, a calcium-aluminium garnet with the formula Ca3 Al2 Si3 O12.Gemological Institute of America, ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, Trace amounts of vanadium or chromium prov ...

(gem variety of grossularite garnet)

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:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Ultramarine Ultramarine is a deep blue color pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder. The name comes from the Latin ''ultramarinus'', literally 'beyond the sea', because the pigment was imported into Europe from mines in Afgh ...

Uralite Actinolite is an amphibole silicate mineral with the chemical formula . Etymology The name ''actinolite'' is derived from the Greek word ''aktis'' (), meaning "beam" or "ray", because of the mineral's fibrous nature. Mineralogy Actinolite is ...

(alteration actinolite)

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W

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Y

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Yttrocerite Yttrocerite is a variety of the mineral fluorite with a chemical formula Ca F2+( Y, Ce) F3. It is bluish red with isometric crystals and is named for the yttrium and cerium it contains. It has a Mohs hardness of 4–5. It has been found in Swe ...

(variety of fluorite) * Yttrocolumbite (variety of columbite)

Z

Goosecreekite-Heulandite-Ca-Quartz-indi-41a

:Varieties that are not valid species: *

Zajacite-(Ce) Gagarinite-(Ce) previously zajacite-(Ce) is a rare radioactive fluoride mineral with formula sodium, Na(Rare-earth element, REE''x''calcium, Ca1−''x'')(REE''y''Ca1−''y'')fluorine, F6. REE refers to rare-earth elements, mostly those belonging to ...

(name changed to gagarinite-(Ce)) *

Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) Kukharenkoite-(Ce) is a barium cerium fluoride carbonate mineral, formula Ba2CeF(CO3)3. It was identified from samples found in the Mont-Saint-Hilaire alkaline intrusive complex, Quebec, and the Khibiny Massif, Kola peninsula, Russia. It was named ...

(considered to be kukharenkoite-(Ce) or huanghoite-(Ce)) * Zinalsite (synonym of fraipontite)

External links

{{Commons category, Minerals
Mineralatlas.eu - The mineralogical and geological database

Mindat.org – The Mineral Database

Gemdat.org – The Gemstone Database

Gemsociety.org - Gemstone Toxicity Table
List01 *List01 Minerals01

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See also

External links