Between 31 March 2021 and 5 December 2023, 187 individuals served as representatives in

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...

, the 150-seat

lower house A lower house is one of two Debate chamber, chambers of a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has co ...

of the

States General of the Netherlands The States General of the Netherlands ( nl, Staten-Generaal ) is the supreme bicameral legislature of the Netherlands consisting of the Senate () and the House of Representatives (). Both chambers meet at the Binnenhof in The Hague. The States ...

Vera Bergkamp Vera Alida Bergkamp (; born 1 June 1971) is a Dutch politician. A member of the Democrats 66 (D66) party, she has been a member of the House of Representatives since 20 September 2012. On 7 April 2021, she was elected Speaker of the House of ...

was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives for this period. The members were elected during the general election of 17 March 2021. Sixteen parties were elected to the House, the highest number since

1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...

. After the election, the

Fourth Rutte cabinet The Fourth Rutte cabinet is the current Government of the Netherlands. It was inaugurated on 10 January 2022. The cabinet is a continuation of the previous third Rutte cabinet and is formed by the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedo ...

was formed for this term, consisting of

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( nl, Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie ; VVD) is a conservative-liberal Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin ''Politics and Governance in the Netherlands'', Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49 political party in ...

(VVD, 34 seats),

Democrats 66 Democrats 66 (; abbreviated D66, ) is a Social liberalism, social liberal List of political parties in the Netherlands, political party in the Netherlands, which positions itself in the Centrism, centre of the Left–right political spectrum, p ...

(D66, 24 seats),

Christian Democratic Appeal The Christian Democratic Appeal ( nl, Christen-Democratisch Appèl, ; CDA) is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. It was originally formed in 1977 from a confederation of the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary ...

(CDA, 15 seats) and Christian Union (CU, 5 seats). Four new parties entered the political body after the election, namely

Volt The volt (symbol: V) is the unit of electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units (SI). It is named after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745–1827). Defi ...

(3 seats),

JA21 JA21 (, backronym for Juiste Antwoord 2021, or 'Right Answer 2021') is a political party in the Netherlands, currently active in the Senate as the Nanninga Group (). It was founded in December 2020 by Joost Eerdmans and Annabel Nanninga after le ...

(3 seats), the

Farmer–Citizen Movement The Farmer–Citizen Movement (, BBB) is an agrarian political party in the Netherlands. It is headquartered in Deventer, Overijssel. The current party leader is Caroline van der Plas, who founded it in 2019. Unlike most of its agrarian counter ...

(1 seat) and

BIJ1 BIJ1 (; ), formerly known as Article 1 (), is a political party in the Netherlands. It was founded in Amsterdam in 2016 by Sylvana Simons, a television personality who was formerly connected to another party, Denk. BIJ1 aligns itself as an ant ...

(1 seat). The rest of the opposition consisted of the

Party for Freedom The Party for Freedom ( nl, Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) is a nationalist, right-wing populist political party in the Netherlands. Founded in 2006 as the successor to Geert Wilders' one-man faction in the House of Representatives, it won nine ...

(17), the

Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of th ...

(9), the Labour Party (9),

GroenLinks GroenLinks (, ) is a green political party in the Netherlands. It was formed on 1 March 1989 from the merger of four left-wing parties: the Communist Party of the Netherlands, the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and t ...

(8),

Forum for Democracy Forum for Democracy ( nl, Forum voor Democratie, FvD) is a right-wing populist Eurosceptic political party in the Netherlands that was founded as a think tank by Thierry Baudet and Henk Otten in 2016. The party first participated in elections i ...

(8), the

Party for the Animals The Party for the Animals ( nl, Partij voor de Dieren; PvdD) is a List of political parties in the Netherlands, political party in the Netherlands. Among its main goals are animal rights and animal welfare. Since 2019, the PvdD's political lead ...

(6), the

Reformed Political Party The Reformed Political Party ( nl, Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij, SGP) is a conservative CalvinistThese sources describe the SGP as a Calvinist political party: * * * * * political party in the Netherlands. The term ''Reformed'' is not a refere ...

(3),

DENK Denk may refer to: People *Jeremy Denk (born 1970), American classical pianist * Michael K. Denk, Canadian professor of chemistry * Paula Denk (1908–1978), German actress *Ralph Denk (born 1973), German cyclist and cycling manager *Ulrike Denk ( ...

(3) and

50PLUS 50PLUS (; abbreviated 50+) is a political party in the Netherlands that advocates pensioners' interests. The party was founded in 2009 by Maurice Koopman, Alexander Münninghoff, and Jan Nagel. Henk Krol served as the party's leader from 2016 to ...

(1). During the term, six members switched their

parliamentary group A parliamentary group, parliamentary party, or parliamentary caucus is a group consisting of some members of the same political party or electoral fusion of parties in a legislative assembly such as a parliament or a city council. Parliamentar ...

affiliation, changing the party composition of the House of Representatives. 50PLUS lost its seat in May 2021 due to

Liane den Haan Natalia Liane den Haan (born 24 August 1967) is a Dutch politician and former nonprofit director, who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2021. She was the managing director of LGBT rights organization COC Nederland from 200 ...

continuing as an

independent politician An independent or non-partisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views th ...

. Forum for Democracy lost three seats that same month, as three of its members formed the independent caucus ''Groep Van Haga''. The CDA lost a seat in September 2021 as a result of

Pieter Omtzigt Pieter Herman Omtzigt (born 8 January 1974) is an independent Dutch politician who has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2003 apart from a short interruption from 17 June to 26 October 2010. In his political work, Omtzigt focus ...

leaving the party, while Volt lost a seat in February 2022 due to its expulsion of

Nilüfer Gündoğan Nilüfer Gündoğan (born 6 June 1977) is a Dutch politician, who serves as a member of the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives. She was elected to the House in the 2021 Dutch general election, 2021 general election ...

. On 2 August 2023,

Olaf Ephraim Olaf René Ephraim (born 30 September 1965) is a Dutch investment banker and politician. He worked for the banks MeesPierson and Fortis before joining the conservative and right-wing populist party Forum for Democracy (FvD). Ephraim served as th ...

left the ''Groep Van Haga'' and continued as independent member. On 1 September 2023

Lilian Helder Lilian Helder (born 30 May 1973 in Venlo) is a Dutch politician and former lawyer. As a member of the Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid) she has been an MP since 17 June 2010. She focuses on matters of the judiciary. Helder worked at ...

(PVV),

Nicki Pouw-Verweij Nicki Janna Francisca Pouw-Verweij (born 21 May 1991) is a Dutch physician and politician. She has served as member of the House of Representatives since March 2021. Pouw-Verweij studied medicine at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and was work ...

and

Derk Jan Eppink Derk Jan Eppink (born 7 November 1958) is a Dutch journalist, politician in the Netherlands, and former cabinet secretary for European Commissioners Bolkestein (1999–2004) and Kallas (2004–2007). In 2009, he was elected to the Euro ...

(both JA21) switched to BBB, giving it four seats. With a peak of 21, this parliamentary term had a record number of parliamentary groups.

Members

All members are sworn in at the start of the term, even if they are not new. ''Assumed office'' in this list therefore refers to the swearing in during this term, while all members are automatically considered to have ''left office'' at the end of the term.

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, 2021-present 2021-present