Yazd ( fa, یزد ), formerly also known as Yezd, is the capital of
Yazd Province,
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. The city is located southeast of
Isfahan
Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ...
. At the 2016 census, the population was 1,138,533. Since 2017, the historical city of Yazd is recognized as a
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
by
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
.
Because of generations of adaptations to its desert surroundings, Yazd has a unique
Persian architecture
Iranian architecture or Persian architecture (Persian: معمارى ایرانی, ''Memāri e Irāni'') is the architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Its history dates back to at least 5,000 BC w ...
. It is nicknamed the "City of
Windcatcher
A windcatcher, wind tower, or wind scoop ( ar, برجيل ; fa, بادگیر) is a traditional architectural element used to create cross ventilation and passive cooling in buildings. Windcatchers come in various designs: unidirectional, bid ...
s" ( ''Shahr-e Badgirha'') from its many examples. It is also very well known for its
Zoroastrian
Zoroastrianism is an Iranian religion and one of the world's oldest organized faiths, based on the teachings of the Iranian-speaking prophet Zoroaster. It has a dualistic cosmology of good and evil within the framework of a monotheistic on ...
fire temple
A fire temple, Agiary, Atashkadeh ( fa, آتشکده), Atashgah () or Dar-e Mehr () is the place of worship for the followers of Zoroastrianism, the ancient religion of Iran (Persia).
In the Zoroastrian religion, fire (see ''atar''), together wi ...
s,
ab anbar
An ''ab anbar'' ( fa, آبانبار, literally " Cistern") is a traditional reservoir or cistern of drinking water in Greater Iran in antiquity.
Structure
To withstand the pressure the water exerts on the containers of the storage tan ...
s (cisterns),
qanat
A qanat or kārīz is a system for transporting water from an aquifer or water well to the surface, through an underground aqueduct; the system originated approximately 3,000 BC in what is now Iran. The function is essentially the same across ...
s (underground channels),
yakhchals (coolers),
Persian handicrafts
Iranian handicrafts are handicraft or handmade crafted works originating from Iran.
Basketry and wickerwork
* , a bamboo wickerwork or textile, used to make floor mats, stools, and fans.
* , a palm leaf basketry.
* , an indigenous boat made of ...
,
handwoven cloth (''Persian termeh''),
silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the coc ...
weaving,
Persian cotton candy, and its time-honored confectioneries. Yazd is also known as City of Bicycles, because of its old history of bike riders, and the highest number of bicycles per capita in Iran. It is reported that
bicycle culture
Bicycle culture can refer to a mainstream culture that supports the use of bicycles or to a subculture. Although "bike culture" is often used to refer to various forms of associated fashion, it is erroneous to call fashion in and of itself a cu ...
in Iran originated in Yazd as a result of contact with European visitors and tourists in the last century.
Name
''Yazd'' means "pure" and "holy"; Yazd City means "City of the Holy
ne, ''i. e.'', God.
Former names of this city: Kath, Isatis.
History
Archeological evidence 12 kilometers north of Yazd suggests that the area has been populated since the period of the
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest em ...
(550 BC–330 BC). In his ''
Natural History'',
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic '' ...
(died 79 AD) mentions a town in the
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire (), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the Parni tribe in conque ...
(247 BC–224 AD) named "Issatis", which is seemingly connected to the name of the
Asagarta/Istachae/Sagartians. As a result, some scholars have suggested that the name of Yazd was derived from Issatis (also transliterated as Isatichae, Ysatis, Yasatis), and that the latter name started to be used in the
Median
In statistics and probability theory, the median is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as "the middle" value. The basic fe ...
or Achaemenid eras.
The area encompassing Yazd first started to gain prominence in the
Late antiquity
Late antiquity is the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages, generally spanning the 3rd–7th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin. The popularization of this periodization in English ha ...
, namely under the
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the History of Iran, last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th cen ...
(224–651). Under
Yazdegerd I
Yazdegerd I (also spelled Yazdgerd and Yazdgird; pal, 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩) was the Sasanian King of Kings () of Iran from 399 to 420. A son of Shapur III (), he succeeded his brother Bahram IV () after the latter's assassination.
Yazde ...
(), a mint was established in Yazd (under the mint abbreviation of "YZ"), which demonstrates its increasing importance. According to the
New Persian
New Persian ( fa, فارسی نو), also known as Modern Persian () and Dari (), is the current stage of the Persian language spoken since the 8th to 9th centuries until now in Greater Iran and surroundings. It is conventionally divided into thre ...
chronicle ''Tarikh-i Yazd'' ("History of Yazd") of 1441, Yazd was re-founded by "Yazdegerd, son of Bahram", i.e.
Yazdegerd II
Yazdegerd II (also spelled Yazdgerd and Yazdgird; pal, 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩), was the Sasanian King of Kings () of Iran from 438 to 457. He was the successor and son of Bahram V ().
His reign was marked by wars against the Eastern Roman ...
(). The word ''yazd'' means God. After the
Muslim conquest of Persia
The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, was carried out by the Rashidun Caliphate from 633 to 654 AD and led to the fall of the Sasanian Empire as well as the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion.
Th ...
, many Zoroastrians migrated to Yazd from neighboring provinces. By paying a levy, Yazd was allowed to remain Zoroastrian even after its conquest, and
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
only gradually became the dominant religion in the city.
![آتشکده یزد 2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%AF%D9%87_%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%AF_2.jpg)
Because of its remote desert location and the difficulty of access, Yazd remained largely immune to large battles and the destruction and ravages of war. For instance, it was a haven for those fleeing from destruction in other parts of
Persian Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, wikt:𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an History of Iran#Classical antiquity, ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Bas ...
during the
Mongol invasion
The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire: the Mongol Empire ( 1206- 1368), which by 1300 covered large parts of Eurasia. Historians regard the Mongol devastati ...
. In 1272 it was visited by
Marco Polo
Marco Polo (, , ; 8 January 1324) was a Venetian merchant, explorer and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295. His travels are recorded in ''The Travels of Marco Polo'' (also known as ''Book of the Marv ...
, who remarked on the city's fine silk-weaving industry. In the book ''
The Travels of Marco Polo
''Book of the Marvels of the World'' ( Italian: , lit. 'The Million', deriving from Polo's nickname "Emilione"), in English commonly called ''The Travels of Marco Polo'', is a 13th-century travelogue written down by Rustichello da Pisa from st ...
'', he described Yazd in the following way:
Yazd briefly served as the capital of the
Muzaffarid Dynasty in the fourteenth century, and was unsuccessfully besieged in 1350–1351 by the
Injuids
The House of Inju (Injuids, Injus, or Inju'ids) was an Iranian dynasty of Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century. Its members became de facto independent rulers following the breakup of the I ...
under Shaikh Abu Ishaq. The Friday (or Congregation) mosque, arguably the city's greatest architectural landmark, as well as other important buildings, date to this period. During the
Qajar dynasty
The Qajar dynasty (; fa, دودمان قاجار ', az, Qacarlar ) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, ''The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896'', I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic peoples ...
(18th century AD) it was ruled by the
Bakhtiari Khans.
Under the rule of the
Safavids
Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often conside ...
(16th century), some people migrated from Yazd and settled in an area that is today on the Iran-Afghanistan border. The settlement, which was named Yazdi, was located in what is now
Farah City in the
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
of the same name in Afghanistan. Even today, people from this area speak with an accent very similar to that of the people of Yazd.
One of the notable things about Yazd is its family-centered culture. According to official statistics from Iran's National Organization for Civil Registration, Yazd is among the three cities with the lowest divorce rates in Iran.
Demographics
Language and ethnic groups
The majority of the people of Yazd are
Persians
The Persians are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian.
...
. They speak
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
with a Yazdi accent, which is different from the Persian accent of
Tehran
Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...
.
Religion
The majority of people in Yazd are
Shia Muslim
Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most ...
. Yazd is a strongly religious, traditionalist and conservative city. Several city traditions are the Muslim parades and gatherings, which are mainly processions called ''azadari'' held to commemorate the events experienced by the main Islamic martyrs and other important figures. These huge public gatherings created a series of spaces which, since most are near important urban monuments, are used at other times as hubs from which visitors can tour the main spots in the city.
There is also a sizable population of
Zoroastrians in the city. In 2013,
Sepanta Niknam
Sepanta Niknam ( fa, سپنتا نیکنام) is an Iranian politician who serves as a councillor in Yazd since 2013. He is the first and only Zoroastrian to have served as councillor in the city, and the only non-Muslim in the city councils of I ...
was elected to the city council of Yazd and became the first Zoroastrian councillor in Iran. The Pir-e-Naraki sanctuary is one of the important pilgrimage destinations for Zoroastrians, where an annual congregation is held and frequent visits are made during the year; it is now also a famous tourist spot. The story of the last Persian prince to come to Yazd before the arrival of
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
adds to its importance. Such a transformation has occurred several times.
There was once a relatively large Jewish-Yazdi community, however, after the creation of
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
, many have moved there for varying reasons. Former president of Israel
Moshe Katsav
Moshe Katsav ( he, מֹשֶׁה קַצָּב; born 5 December 1945) is an Israeli former politician who was the List of Presidents of Israel, eighth President of Israel from 2000 to 2007. He was also a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset ...
is an example. Main religion in Yazd city is
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
.
Population
According to the Iranian Census of 2016 the population of Yazd is 1,138,533 people from 340,657 families, which includes 586,013 men and 552,520 women.
Historical sites
![Tower of Silence, Yazd 11](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Tower_of_Silence%2C_Yazd_11.jpg)
Yazd is an important centre of
Iranian architecture
Iranian architecture or Persian architecture (Persian: معمارى ایرانی, ''Memāri e Irāni'') is the architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Its history dates back to at least 5,000 BC w ...
. Because of its climate, it has one of the largest networks of ''
qanat
A qanat or kārīz is a system for transporting water from an aquifer or water well to the surface, through an underground aqueduct; the system originated approximately 3,000 BC in what is now Iran. The function is essentially the same across ...
s'' (underground water supply systems) in the world, and Yazdi ''qanat'' makers are considered the most skilled in Iran.
To deal with the extremely hot summers, many old buildings in Yazd have magnificent
wind tower
A windcatcher, wind tower, or wind scoop ( ar, برجيل ; fa, بادگیر) is a traditional architectural element used to create cross ventilation and passive cooling in buildings. Windcatchers come in various designs: unidirectional, bid ...
s and large underground areas.
The city is also home to prime examples of ''
yakhchals'', which were used to store ice retrieved from glaciers in the nearby mountains. Yazd is also one of the largest cities built almost entirely out of
adobe
Adobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for ''mudbrick''. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of e ...
.
Yazd's heritage as a center of Zoroastrianism is also important. There is a
Tower of Silence
A ''dakhma'' ( fa, دخمه), also known as a Tower of Silence, is a circular, raised structure built by Zoroastrians for excarnation (that is, the exposure of human corpses to the elements for decomposition), in order to avert contamina ...
on the outskirts, and the city has an ''
ateshkadeh'' which holds a fire that has been kept alight continuously since 470 AD. Zoroastrians make up a significant minority of the population, around 20,000–40,000 or 5 to 10 percent.
The 11th-century brick mausoleum and shrine
Davāzdah Imām
Davāzdah Imām, also known as The Shrine of the Twelve Imams, is an 11th-century mausoleum and ziyarat (shrine) in the Fahadan quarter of Yazd, Iran. It is the earliest-dated building in Yazd. It is adjacent to Zendan-e Eskandar (Alexander's Pri ...
is the oldest dated building in the city.
Built in 12th century and still in use,
Jame Mosque of Yazd
The Jāmeh Mosque of Yazd ( fa, مسجد جامع یزد – ''Masjid-e-Jāmeh Yazd'') is the grand, congregational mosque (Jameh Mosque, Jāmeh) of Yazd city, within the Yazd Province of Iran. The mosque is depicted on the Obverse and reverse, ob ...
is an example of the finest Persian
mosaic
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly pop ...
s and excellent architecture. Its minarets are the highest in the country.
Tomb of Sayyed Rukn ad-Din
The Tomb of Sayyed Rukn ad-Din ( Persian: آرامگاه سید رکن الدین) or the Sayyed Rukn ad-Din Madrasa ( Persian: مدرسه سید رکن الدین) is a 14th century mausoleum in Yazd, Iran. It is the burial place of Sayyed Rukn ...
is nearby the mosque.
Geography
Climate
Yazd has a
hot desert climate
The desert climate or arid climate (in the Köppen climate classification ''BWh'' and ''BWk''), is a dry climate sub-type in which there is a severe excess of evaporation over precipitation. The typically bald, rocky, or sandy surfaces in desert ...
(
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
''BWh''). It is the driest major city in Iran, with a yearly precipitation amount of and only 23 days of precipitation, with summer temperatures very frequently above in blazing sunshine with no humidity. Even at night the temperatures in summer are rather uncomfortable. In the winter, the days remain mild and sunny, but in the morning the thin air and low cloudiness cause cold temperatures that can sometimes fall well below .
Economy
Always known for the quality of its silk and carpets, Yazd today is one of Iran's industrial centers for textiles. There is also a considerable ceramics and construction materials industry and unique confectionery and jewellery industries. A significant portion of the population is also employed in other industries including agriculture, dairy, metal works, and machine manufacturing. There are a number of companies involved in the growing information technology industry, mainly manufacturing primary materials such as cables and connectors. Currently Yazd is the home of the largest manufacturer of fibre optics in Iran.
Yazd's confectioneries have a tremendous following throughout Iran and have been a source of tourism for the city. Confectioners workshops (''khalifehs'', or experts) keep their recipes a guarded secret, and there are many that have remained a private family business for many generations.
Baklava
Baklava (, or ; ota, باقلوا ) is a layered pastry dessert made of filo pastry, filled with chopped nuts, and sweetened with syrup or honey. It was one of the most popular sweet pastries of Ottoman cuisine.
The pre- Ottoman origin of the ...
,
ghotab
''Qottab'' ( fa, قطاب ''qottâb'') is an almond-filled deep-fried Iranian cuisine pastry or cake, prepared with flour, almonds, powdered sugar, vegetable oil, and cardamom. The city of Yazd is well known for its ''qottab''.
Qottab develo ...
and
pashmak
Pashmak ( fa, پشمک) is a form of Iranian candy floss or cotton candy, made from sugar.
Pashmak is served on its own or as an accompaniment to fruits, cakes, ice creams, puddings and desserts. It is widely known as Persian Cotton Candy. are the most popular sweets made in the city.
In 2000 the Yazd Water Museum opened; it features exhibits of water storage vessels and historical technologies related to water.
Yazd has expanded its industrial fields since the 1980s. With at least three main industrial areas each containing over 70 different factories, Yazd has become one of the most technologically advanced cities of Iran.
Transportation
In addition to its connection with major Iranian cities via
Iranian Railways
, majoroperators =RAI, Tooka rail, Samand rail
, ridership =21 million
, passkm =13 billion
, freight =31 million tonnes
, tonkm =22 billion tonnes
, infrastructure =
, length =
, doublelength = 142 ...
, Yazd is served by the
Shahid Sadooghi Airport
Yazd Airport ( fa, فرودگاه یزد) is an airport in Yazd, Iran. The airport lies 10 kilometers away from the city center of Yazd and serves the city as well as all of the surrounding counties. The Shahid Sadooghi Airport also serves as a p ...
.
Politics
* Eskandar Aslani (circa 1979)
* Muhammad-Ali Vahdati
* Ali-Akbar Farshi
* Muhammad-Hassan Khorshidnam
* Hosseyn A'laii
* Muhammad-Mahdi Sherafat
* Ali-Akbar Aramun
* Morteza Shayeq
* Ali-Akbar Mirvakili
* Mohammad Azim Zadeh (circa 2017)
Famous residents
![Mohammad Khatami - December 11, 2007](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Mohammad_Khatami_-_December_11%2C_2007.jpg)
*
Mohammad Khatami
Sayyid Mohammad Khatami ( fa, سید محمد خاتمی, ; born 14 October 1943) is an Iranian politician who served as the fifth president of Iran from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005. He also served as Iran's Minister of Culture from 1982 to ...
, former president of Iran; born in
Ardakan
Ardakan ( fa, اردكان, also romanized as Ardakān and Artagan) is the capital city of Ardakan County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 75,271 in 22,475 families.
Ardakan is the second major city of Yazd Province. ...
*
Mohammad Ali Jafari
Major General Mohammad Ali Jafari ( fa, محمدعلی جعفری, born 1 September 1957, also known as Aziz Jafari and Ali Jafari) is a former commander-in-chief of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps from 2007 to 2019. He was appointed by S ...
, the commander of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution of Iran
*
Mohammad Reza Aref
Mohammad Reza Aref ( fa, محمدرضا عارف, born 19 December 1951) is an Iranian engineer, academic and reformist politician who was the parliamentary leader of reformists' Hope fraction in the Iranian Parliament, representing Tehran, Rey, S ...
, Vice President of Iran from 2001 to 2005
*
Mirza Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
Mirza Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi ( fa, میرزا محمد فرخی یزدی; 1889 – October 18, 1939), also known as Taj osh-Sho'arā (تاج الشعرا), was an Iranian poet, journalist and senior politician of the Perisan Constitutional Revo ...
, poet and politician
*
Vahshi Bafghi, poet
*
Habibollah Bitaraf
Habibolah Bitaraf ( fa, حبیبالله بیطرف) is an Iranian reformist politician. He was Energy Minister for 8 years during Mohammad Khatami presidency. He also served as provincial governor of Yazd.
He was nominated as the energy m ...
, former Minister of Energy
*
Moshe Katsav
Moshe Katsav ( he, מֹשֶׁה קַצָּב; born 5 December 1945) is an Israeli former politician who was the List of Presidents of Israel, eighth President of Israel from 2000 to 2007. He was also a leading Likud member of the Israeli Knesset ...
, former President of Israel
*
Mohammad-Ali Eslami Nodooshan
Mohammad Ali Eslami Nodooshan ( fa, محمدعلی اسلامی ندوشن; 25 August 1924 – 25 April 2022) was an Iranian literary critic, translator and poet, and one of the most celebrated contemporary writers on culture and literature in ...
, Iranian author
*
Mehdi Azar Yazdi, author of children's stories
*
Reza Amrollahi
Reza Amrollahi ( fa, رضا امراللهی) is a physicist and professor.
Biography
He was the professor of some of the Iranian universities such as Khaje Nasir University and Amir Kabir university. Reza Amrollahi was the president of the Ato ...
, Head of Atomic Energy Organization of Iran 1981–1997
*
Iraj Afshar
Iraj Afshar ( fa, ایرج افشار; 8 October 1925 – 9 March 2011) was a bibliographer, historian, scholar, professor, and an iconic figure in the field of Persian studies. Afshar was a professor emeritus of the University of Tehran. He ...
, bibliographer, historian, and an iconic figure in the field of Persian studies
*
Ahmad Fardid
Seyyed Ahmad Fardid ( fa, سید احمد فردید) (Born in 1910, Yazd – 16 August 1994, Tehran), born Ahmad Mahini Yazdi, was a prominent Iranian philosopher and a professor of Tehran University. He is considered to be among the philosop ...
, prominent Iranian philosopher and an inspiring and dedicated professor
*
Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi
Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi or Sharif al-Din Ali’ Yazdi ( fa, شرف الدین علی یزدی; died 1454, Yazd), also known by his pen name Sharaf, was a 15th-century Persians, Persian scholar who authored several works in the arts and sciences, ...
, 15th-century Persian historian.
*
Zia'eddin Tabatabaee
Seyyed Zia'eddin Tabataba'i (June 1889 – 29 August 1969; fa, سید ضیاءالدین طباطبایی) was an Iranian journalist and politician who, with the help of Reza Khan Savadkuhi, led the 1921 Persian coup d'état, and subsequentl ...
, Iranian politician and the Prime Minister of Iran
*
Reza Ardakanian
Reza Ardakanian ( fa, رضا اردکانیان) is an Iranian professor, politician and former Ministry of Energy (Iran), Minister of Energy of Iran, a position he had held from 29 October 2017 to 25 August 2021. He was previously deputy energy m ...
, Iranian professor, politician and the former Minister of Energy of Iran
*
Sems Kesmai
Sems Kesmai (March 4, 1884 – November 3, 1961; ) was an Iranian poet known for her innovations in Persian language, Persian Modernism, modernist poetry.
Biography
Sems Kesmai was born 1884 in Yazd, Iran. Her father was an immigrant from Geor ...
, poet
*
Ardeshir Jamshid Khosraviani, prominent Iranian neurosurgeon and an inspiring and dedicated doctor
Education
![Yazd University](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Yazd_University.jpg)
The University of Yazd was established in 1988. It has a college of architecture specializing in traditional Persian art and architecture. Yazd and its nearby towns contain the following institutes of higher education:
Twin towns – sister cities
Yazd is
twinned with:
*
Holguín
Holguín () is a municipality and city in Cuba, and the capital of Province of Holguín. After Havana, Santiago de Cuba, and Camagüey, it is the fourth largest city in Cuba.
History
Before Columbus, the Taino people settled in huts made fro ...
, Cuba
*
Homs
Homs ( , , , ; ar, حِمْص / ALA-LC: ; Levantine Arabic: / ''Ḥomṣ'' ), known in pre-Islamic Syria as Emesa ( ; grc, Ἔμεσα, Émesa), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. It is Metres above sea level ...
, Syria
*
Jászberény
Jászberény is a city and market centre in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in Hungary.
Location
Jászberény is located in central Hungary, on the Zagyva River, a tributary of the Tisza River. It is about from Budapest.
History
The oldest a ...
, Hungary
*
Poti
Poti ( ka, ფოთი ; Mingrelian: ფუთი; Laz: ჶაში/Faşi or ფაში/Paşi) is a port city in Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti in the west of the country. Built near t ...
, Georgia
Gallery
File:Yazd entrance.JPG, Yazd Entrance
File:Amir Chakhmaq Complex, Yazd.jpg, Amir Chakhmaq Complex
File:Mezquita del Viernes, Yazd, Irán, 2016-09-21, DD 11.jpg, Jameh Mosque
File:Zoroastrian Fire Temple, Yazd 01.jpg, Fire Temple
File:Dolat Abad Garden - Pavilion 01.jpg, Dowlatabad Garden
Dowlatabad Garden (Persian: باغ دولت آباد) is a historical garden in Yazd, Iran. Its 33.8 meters tall windcatcher is the tallest adobe-made windcatcher in the world. It was listed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 2011, as part of the ...
pavilion
File:Zurkhaneh, Yazd 01.jpg, A Zurkhaneh in Yazd
File:Casa Lari, Yazd, Irán, 2016-09-21, DD 19.jpg, Lari House in Yazd
File:971117-DadHotel-Yazd-Pan02.jpg, alt=Dad Hotel, Dad Hotel, Yazd, Iran
File:باغ خوشنویس.jpg, khoshnevis garden
See also
*
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
*
Yazd Province
References
Citations
Bibliography
* .
*
*
External links
*
*
Rare Photos of Arak, Yazd, Kashan Iranian.com
Phototour of the desert city (Yazd)
{{Authority control
Populated places in Yazd County
Cities in Yazd Province
Iranian provincial capitals
World Heritage Sites in Iran