This following list features abbreviated names of mathematical functions, function-like operators and other mathematical terminology. :''This list is limited to abbreviations of two or more letters. The capitalization of some of these abbreviations is not standardized – different authors might use different capitalizations.'' : * AC –

Axiom of Choice In mathematics, the axiom of choice, or AC, is an axiom of set theory equivalent to the statement that ''a Cartesian product of a collection of non-empty sets is non-empty''. Informally put, the axiom of choice says that given any collectio ...

, or set of

absolutely continuous In calculus, absolute continuity is a smoothness property of functions that is stronger than continuity and uniform continuity. The notion of absolute continuity allows one to obtain generalizations of the relationship between the two central oper ...

functions. * a.c. –

. * acrd – inverse chord function. * ad –

adjoint representation In mathematics, the adjoint representation (or adjoint action) of a Lie group ''G'' is a way of representing the elements of the group as linear transformations of the group's Lie algebra, considered as a vector space. For example, if ''G'' is GL(n ...

(or adjoint action) of a Lie group. * adj –

adjugate In linear algebra, the adjugate or classical adjoint of a square matrix is the transpose of its cofactor matrix and is denoted by . It is also occasionally known as adjunct matrix, or "adjoint", though the latter today normally refers to a differe ...

of a matrix. * a.e. –

almost everywhere In measure theory (a branch of mathematical analysis), a property holds almost everywhere if, in a technical sense, the set for which the property holds takes up nearly all possibilities. The notion of "almost everywhere" is a companion notion to ...

. * Ai –

Airy function In the physical sciences, the Airy function (or Airy function of the first kind) is a special function named after the British astronomer George Biddell Airy (1801–1892). The function and the related function , are linearly independent solutio ...

. * AL –

Action limit Action may refer to: * Action (narrative), a literary mode * Action fiction, a type of genre fiction * Action game, a genre of video game Film * Action film, a genre of film * ''Action'' (1921 film), a film by John Ford * ''Action'' (1980 f ...

. * Alt –

alternating group In mathematics, an alternating group is the group of even permutations of a finite set. The alternating group on a set of elements is called the alternating group of degree , or the alternating group on letters and denoted by or Basic prop ...

(Alt(''n'') ''is also written as'' A_''n''.) * A.M. –

arithmetic mean In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean ( ) or arithmetic average, or just the ''mean'' or the ''average'' (when the context is clear), is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the count of numbers in the collection. The colle ...

. * arccos – inverse cosine function. * arccosec – inverse cosecant function. (''Also written as'' arccsc.) * arccot – inverse cotangent function. * arccsc – inverse cosecant function. (''Also written as'' arccosec.) * arcexc – inverse excosecant function. (''Also written as'' arcexcsc'','' arcexcosec.) * arcexcosec – inverse excosecant function. (''Also written as'' arcexcsc'','' arcexc.) * arcexcsc – inverse excosecant function. (''Also written as'' arcexcosec'','' arcexc.) * arcexs – inverse exsecant function. (''Also written as'' arcexsec.) * arcexsec – inverse exsecant function. (''Also written as'' arcexs.) * arcosech – inverse hyperbolic cosecant function. (''Also written as'' arcsch.) * arcosh –

inverse hyperbolic cosine In mathematics, the inverse hyperbolic functions are the inverse functions of the hyperbolic functions. For a given value of a hyperbolic function, the corresponding inverse hyperbolic function provides the corresponding hyperbolic angle. The ...

function. * arcoth – inverse hyperbolic cotangent function. * arcsch – inverse hyperbolic cosecant function. (''Also written as'' arcosech.) * arcsec – inverse secant function. * arcsin – inverse sine function. * arctan –

inverse tangent In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called arcus functions, antitrigonometric functions or cyclometric functions) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions (with suitably restricted domains). Sp ...

function. * arctan2 – inverse tangent function with two arguments. (''Also written as'' atan2.) * arg –

argument An argument is a statement or group of statements called premises intended to determine the degree of truth or acceptability of another statement called conclusion. Arguments can be studied from three main perspectives: the logical, the dialectic ...

of * arg max – argument of the maximum. * arg min – argument of the minimum. * arsech –

inverse hyperbolic secant In mathematics, the inverse hyperbolic functions are the inverse functions of the hyperbolic functions. For a given value of a hyperbolic function, the corresponding inverse hyperbolic function provides the corresponding hyperbolic angle. The ...

function. * arsinh –

inverse hyperbolic sine In mathematics, the inverse hyperbolic functions are the inverse functions of the hyperbolic functions. For a given value of a hyperbolic function, the corresponding inverse hyperbolic function provides the corresponding hyperbolic angle. The s ...

function. * artanh –

inverse hyperbolic tangent In mathematics, the inverse hyperbolic functions are the inverse functions of the hyperbolic functions. For a given value of a hyperbolic function, the corresponding inverse hyperbolic function provides the corresponding hyperbolic angle. The ...

function. * a.s. –

almost surely In probability theory, an event is said to happen almost surely (sometimes abbreviated as a.s.) if it happens with probability 1 (or Lebesgue measure 1). In other words, the set of possible exceptions may be non-empty, but it has probability 0. ...

. * atan2 – inverse tangent function with two arguments. (''Also written as'' arctan2.) * A.P. –

arithmetic progression An arithmetic progression or arithmetic sequence () is a sequence of numbers such that the difference between the consecutive terms is constant. For instance, the sequence 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, . . . is an arithmetic progression with a common differ ...

. * Aut –

automorphism group In mathematics, the automorphism group of an object ''X'' is the group consisting of automorphisms of ''X'' under composition of morphisms. For example, if ''X'' is a finite-dimensional vector space, then the automorphism group of ''X'' is the g ...

. * bd –

boundary Boundary or Boundaries may refer to: * Border, in political geography Entertainment *Boundaries (2016 film), ''Boundaries'' (2016 film), a 2016 Canadian film *Boundaries (2018 film), ''Boundaries'' (2018 film), a 2018 American-Canadian road trip ...

. (''Also written as'' fr ''or''

∂ The character ∂ (Unicode: U+2202) is a stylized cursive '' d'' mainly used as a mathematical symbol, usually to denote a partial derivative such as / (read as "the partial derivative of ''z'' with respect to ''x''"). It is also used for the bo ...

.) * Bi –

of the second kind. * BIDMAS – Brackets, Indices, Divide, Multiply, Add, Subtract. * Bias –

bias of an estimator In statistics, the bias of an estimator (or bias function) is the difference between this estimator's expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated. An estimator or decision rule with zero bias is called ''unbiased''. In stat ...

* BWOC – by way of contradiction * Card –

cardinality In mathematics, the cardinality of a set is a measure of the number of elements of the set. For example, the set A = \ contains 3 elements, and therefore A has a cardinality of 3. Beginning in the late 19th century, this concept was generalized ...

of a set. (Card(''X'') ''is also written'' #''X'', ♯''X'' ''or'' , ''X'', .) * cas – cos + sin function. * cdf –

cumulative distribution function In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable X, or just distribution function of X, evaluated at x, is the probability that X will take a value less than or equal to x. Ev ...

. * c.f. – cumulative frequency. * c.c. –

complex conjugate In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. That is, (if a and b are real, then) the complex conjugate of a + bi is equal to a - ...

. * char – characteristic of a ring. * Chi – hyperbolic cosine integral function. * Ci –

cosine integral In mathematics, trigonometric integrals are a family of integrals involving trigonometric functions. Sine integral The different sine integral definitions are \operatorname(x) = \int_0^x\frac\,dt \operatorname(x) = -\int_x^\infty\frac ...

function. * cis – cos + i sin function. (''Also written as'' expi.) * Cl –

conjugacy class In mathematics, especially group theory, two elements a and b of a group are conjugate if there is an element g in the group such that b = gag^. This is an equivalence relation whose equivalence classes are called conjugacy classes. In other wor ...

. * cl –

topological closure In topology, the closure of a subset of points in a topological space consists of all points in together with all limit points of . The closure of may equivalently be defined as the union of and its boundary, and also as the intersection of ...

. * CLT –

central limit theorem In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) establishes that, in many situations, when independent random variables are summed up, their properly normalized sum tends toward a normal distribution even if the original variables themselv ...

. * cod, codom –

codomain In mathematics, the codomain or set of destination of a function is the set into which all of the output of the function is constrained to fall. It is the set in the notation . The term range is sometimes ambiguously used to refer to either the ...

. * cok, coker –

cokernel The cokernel of a linear mapping of vector spaces is the quotient space of the codomain of by the image of . The dimension of the cokernel is called the ''corank'' of . Cokernels are dual to the kernels of category theory, hence the name: ...

. * conv –

convex hull In geometry, the convex hull or convex envelope or convex closure of a shape is the smallest convex set that contains it. The convex hull may be defined either as the intersection of all convex sets containing a given subset of a Euclidean space ...

of a set. * Cor –

corollary In mathematics and logic, a corollary ( , ) is a theorem of less importance which can be readily deduced from a previous, more notable statement. A corollary could, for instance, be a proposition which is incidentally proved while proving another ...

. * corr –

correlation In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data. Although in the broadest sense, "correlation" may indicate any type of association, in statistics ...

. * cos – cosine function. * cosec –

cosecant In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths. They are widely used in all ...

function. (''Also written as'' csc.) * cosech –

hyperbolic cosecant In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogues of the ordinary trigonometric functions, but defined using the hyperbola rather than the circle. Just as the points form a circle with a unit radius, the points form the right half of the u ...

function. (''Also written as'' csch.) * cosh –

hyperbolic cosine In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogues of the ordinary trigonometric functions, but defined using the hyperbola rather than the circle. Just as the points form a circle with a unit radius, the points form the right half of the u ...

function. * cosiv –

coversine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',cotangent In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths. They are widely used in all ...

function. (''Also written as'' ctg.) * coth –

hyperbolic cotangent In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogues of the ordinary trigonometric functions, but defined using the hyperbola rather than the circle. Just as the points form a circle with a unit radius, the points form the right half of the ...

function. * cov –

covariance In probability theory and statistics, covariance is a measure of the joint variability of two random variables. If the greater values of one variable mainly correspond with the greater values of the other variable, and the same holds for the les ...

of a pair of random variables. * cover –

coversine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',covercosine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',coversine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',chord function. * csc –

function. (''Also written as'' cosec.) * csch –

function. (''Also written as'' cosech.) * ctg –

cotangent In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths. They are widely used in all ...

function. (''Also written as'' cot.) * curl –

curl cURL (pronounced like "curl", UK: , US: ) is a computer software project providing a library (libcurl) and command-line tool (curl) for transferring data using various network protocols. The name stands for "Client URL". History cURL was fi ...

of a vector field. (''Also written as'' rot.) * cvc –

covercosine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',coversine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',define A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional defini ...

definition A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols). Definitions can be classified into two large categories: intensional definitions (which try to give the sense of a term), and extensional definitio ...

. * deg –

degree of a polynomial In mathematics, the degree of a polynomial is the highest of the degrees of the polynomial's monomials (individual terms) with non-zero coefficients. The degree of a term is the sum of the exponents of the variables that appear in it, and thus i ...

, or other recursively-defined objects such as

well-formed formula In mathematical logic, propositional logic and predicate logic, a well-formed formula, abbreviated WFF or wff, often simply formula, is a finite sequence of symbols from a given alphabet that is part of a formal language. A formal language can be ...

s. (''Also written as'' ∂.) * del –

del Del, or nabla, is an operator used in mathematics (particularly in vector calculus) as a vector differential operator, usually represented by the nabla symbol ∇. When applied to a function defined on a one-dimensional domain, it denotes ...

, a differential operator. (''Also written as''

\nabla

.) * det –

determinant In mathematics, the determinant is a scalar value that is a function of the entries of a square matrix. It characterizes some properties of the matrix and the linear map represented by the matrix. In particular, the determinant is nonzero if and ...

of a matrix or linear transformation. * dim –

dimension In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a Space (mathematics), mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any Point (geometry), point within it. Thus, a Line (geometry), lin ...

of a vector space. * div –

divergence In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the quantity of the vector field's source at each point. More technically, the divergence represents the volume density of the ...

of a vector field. * DNE – a solution for an expression does not exist, or is

undefined Undefined may refer to: Mathematics * Undefined (mathematics), with several related meanings ** Indeterminate form, in calculus Computing * Undefined behavior, computer code whose behavior is not specified under certain conditions * Undefined ...

. Generally used with

limits Limit or Limits may refer to: Arts and media * ''Limit'' (manga), a manga by Keiko Suenobu * ''Limit'' (film), a South Korean film * Limit (music), a way to characterize harmony * "Limit" (song), a 2016 single by Luna Sea * "Limits", a 2019 ...

and

integral In mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented i ...

s. * dom –

domain Domain may refer to: Mathematics *Domain of a function, the set of input values for which the (total) function is defined **Domain of definition of a partial function **Natural domain of a partial function **Domain of holomorphy of a function * Do ...

of a function. (''Or, more generally, a relation.'') * End – categories of

endomorphism In mathematics, an endomorphism is a morphism from a mathematical object to itself. An endomorphism that is also an isomorphism is an automorphism. For example, an endomorphism of a vector space is a linear map , and an endomorphism of a g ...

s. * Ei –

exponential integral In mathematics, the exponential integral Ei is a special function on the complex plane. It is defined as one particular definite integral of the ratio between an exponential function and its argument. Definitions For real non-zero values of&n ...

function. * epi – epigraph of a function. * Eqn –

equation In mathematics, an equation is a formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign . The word ''equation'' and its cognates in other languages may have subtly different meanings; for example, in ...

. * erf –

error function In mathematics, the error function (also called the Gauss error function), often denoted by , is a complex function of a complex variable defined as: :\operatorname z = \frac\int_0^z e^\,\mathrm dt. This integral is a special (non-elementary ...

. * erfc –

complementary error function In mathematics, the error function (also called the Gauss error function), often denoted by , is a complex function of a complex variable defined as: :\operatorname z = \frac\int_0^z e^\,\mathrm dt. This integral is a special (non-elementary ...

. * etr – exponent of the

trace Trace may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * ''Trace'' (Son Volt album), 1995 * ''Trace'' (Died Pretty album), 1993 * Trace (band), a Dutch progressive rock band * ''The Trace'' (album) Other uses in arts and entertainment * ''Trace'' ...

. * exc –

excosecant The exsecant (exsec, exs) and excosecant (excosec, excsc, exc) are trigonometric functions defined in terms of the secant and cosecant functions. They used to be important in fields such as surveying, railway engineering, civil engineering, astr ...

function. (''Also written as'' excsc'','' excosec.) * excosec –

function. (''Also written as'' excsc'','' exc.) * excsc –

function. (''Also written as'' excosec'','' exc.) * exs –

exsecant The exsecant (exsec, exs) and excosecant (excosec, excsc, exc) are trigonometric functions defined in terms of the secant and cosecant functions. They used to be important in fields such as surveying, railway engineering, civil engineering, astro ...

function. (''Also written as'' exsec.) * exsec –

function. (''Also written as'' exs.) * exp –

exponential function The exponential function is a mathematical function denoted by f(x)=\exp(x) or e^x (where the argument is written as an exponent). Unless otherwise specified, the term generally refers to the positive-valued function of a real variable, a ...

. (exp ''x'' ''is also written as'' ''e^x''.) * expi – cos + i sin function. (''Also written as'' cis.) * expm1 –

exponential minus 1 The exponential function is a mathematical Function (mathematics), function denoted by f(x)=\exp(x) or e^x (where the argument is written as an exponentiation, exponent). Unless otherwise specified, the term generally refers to the positiv ...

function. (''Also written as'' exp1m.) * exp1m –

function. (''Also written as'' expm1.) * Ext –

Ext functor In mathematics, the Ext functors are the derived functors of the Hom functor. Along with the Tor functor, Ext is one of the core concepts of homological algebra, in which ideas from algebraic topology are used to define invariants of algebraic stru ...

. * ext –

exterior In mathematics, specifically in topology, the interior of a subset of a topological space is the union of all subsets of that are open in . A point that is in the interior of is an interior point of . The interior of is the complement of the ...

. * extr – a set of

extreme point In mathematics, an extreme point of a convex set S in a real or complex vector space is a point in S which does not lie in any open line segment joining two points of S. In linear programming problems, an extreme point is also called vertex or ...

s of a set. * FIP –

finite intersection property In general topology, a branch of mathematics, a non-empty family ''A'' of subsets of a set X is said to have the finite intersection property (FIP) if the intersection over any finite subcollection of A is non-empty. It has the strong finite inters ...

. * FOC –

first order condition In calculus, a derivative test uses the derivatives of a function to locate the critical points of a function and determine whether each point is a local maximum, a local minimum, or a saddle point. Derivative tests can also give information abou ...

. * FOL –

first-order logic First-order logic—also known as predicate logic, quantificational logic, and first-order predicate calculus—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. First-order logic uses quantifie ...

. * fr –

. (''Also written as'' bd ''or''

.) * Frob –

Frobenius endomorphism In commutative algebra and field theory, the Frobenius endomorphism (after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius) is a special endomorphism of commutative rings with prime characteristic , an important class which includes finite fields. The endomorphism ma ...

. * Gal –

Galois group In mathematics, in the area of abstract algebra known as Galois theory, the Galois group of a certain type of field extension is a specific group associated with the field extension. The study of field extensions and their relationship to the pol ...

. (''Also written as'' Γ.) * gcd –

greatest common divisor In mathematics, the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two or more integers, which are not all zero, is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers. For two integers ''x'', ''y'', the greatest common divisor of ''x'' and ''y'' is ...

of two numbers. (''Also written as'' hcf.) * gd –

Gudermannian function In mathematics, the Gudermannian function relates a hyperbolic angle measure \psi to a circular angle measure \phi called the ''gudermannian'' of \psi and denoted \operatorname\psi. The Gudermannian function reveals a close relationship betwee ...

. * GF –

Galois field In mathematics, a finite field or Galois field (so-named in honor of Évariste Galois) is a field that contains a finite number of elements. As with any field, a finite field is a set on which the operations of multiplication, addition, subtra ...

. * GF –

generating function In mathematics, a generating function is a way of encoding an infinite sequence of numbers () by treating them as the coefficients of a formal power series. This series is called the generating function of the sequence. Unlike an ordinary seri ...

. * GL –

general linear group In mathematics, the general linear group of degree ''n'' is the set of invertible matrices, together with the operation of ordinary matrix multiplication. This forms a group, because the product of two invertible matrices is again invertible, ...

. * G.M. –

geometric mean In mathematics, the geometric mean is a mean or average which indicates a central tendency of a set of numbers by using the product of their values (as opposed to the arithmetic mean which uses their sum). The geometric mean is defined as the ...

. * glb –

greatest lower bound In mathematics, the infimum (abbreviated inf; plural infima) of a subset S of a partially ordered set P is a greatest element in P that is less than or equal to each element of S, if such an element exists. Consequently, the term ''greatest l ...

. (''Also written as'' inf.) * G.P. –

geometric progression In mathematics, a geometric progression, also known as a geometric sequence, is a sequence of non-zero numbers where each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous one by a fixed, non-zero number called the ''common ratio''. For e ...

. * grad –

gradient In vector calculus, the gradient of a scalar-valued differentiable function of several variables is the vector field (or vector-valued function) \nabla f whose value at a point p is the "direction and rate of fastest increase". If the gradi ...

of a function. * hacover –

hacoversine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',hacovercosine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',hacoversine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',haversine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',havercosine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',hacovercosine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',hacoversine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',highest common factor of two numbers. (''Also written as'' gcd.) * H.M. –

harmonic mean In mathematics, the harmonic mean is one of several kinds of average, and in particular, one of the Pythagorean means. It is sometimes appropriate for situations when the average rate is desired. The harmonic mean can be expressed as the recipro ...

. * HOL –

higher-order logic mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic is a form of predicate logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers and, sometimes, stronger semantics. Higher-order logics with their standard semantics are more express ...

. * Hom –

Hom functor In mathematics, specifically in category theory, hom-sets (i.e. sets of morphisms between objects) give rise to important functors to the category of sets. These functors are called hom-functors and have numerous applications in category theory and ...

. * hom – hom-class. * hot – higher order term * HOTPO – half or triple plus one * hvc –

havercosine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',hypograph of a function. * iff –

if and only if In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, "if and only if" (shortened as "iff") is a biconditional logical connective between statements, where either both statements are true or both are false. The connective is bicondi ...

. * IH –

induction hypothesis Mathematical induction is a method for proving that a statement ''P''(''n'') is true for every natural number ''n'', that is, that the infinitely many cases ''P''(0), ''P''(1), ''P''(2), ''P''(3), ... all hold. Informal metaphors help ...

. * iid –

independent and identically distributed random variables In probability theory and statistics, a collection of random variables is independent and identically distributed if each random variable has the same probability distribution as the others and all are mutually independent. This property is us ...

. * Im –

imaginary part In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted , called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation i^= -1; every complex number can be expressed in the form ...

of a complex number (''Also written as''

\Im

). * im –

image An image is a visual representation of something. It can be two-dimensional, three-dimensional, or somehow otherwise feed into the visual system to convey information. An image can be an artifact, such as a photograph or other two-dimensiona ...

* inf –

infimum In mathematics, the infimum (abbreviated inf; plural infima) of a subset S of a partially ordered set P is a greatest element in P that is less than or equal to each element of S, if such an element exists. Consequently, the term ''greatest low ...

of a set. (''Also written as'' glb.) * int – interior. * I.o. – Infinitely often. * ker –

kernel Kernel may refer to: Computing * Kernel (operating system), the central component of most operating systems * Kernel (image processing), a matrix used for image convolution * Compute kernel, in GPGPU programming * Kernel method, in machine learnin ...

. * lb –

binary logarithm In mathematics, the binary logarithm () is the power to which the number must be raised to obtain the value . That is, for any real number , :x=\log_2 n \quad\Longleftrightarrow\quad 2^x=n. For example, the binary logarithm of is , the b ...

(log₂). (''Also written as'' ld.) * lcm –

lowest common multiple In arithmetic and number theory, the least common multiple, lowest common multiple, or smallest common multiple of two integers ''a'' and ''b'', usually denoted by lcm(''a'', ''b''), is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by bo ...

(a.k.a. least common multiple) of two numbers. * LCHS – locally compact Hausdorff second countable. * ld –

(log₂). (''Also written as'' lb.) * lerp –

linear interpolation In mathematics, linear interpolation is a method of curve fitting using linear polynomials to construct new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. Linear interpolation between two known points If the two known poin ...

. * lg –

common logarithm In mathematics, the common logarithm is the logarithm with base 10. It is also known as the decadic logarithm and as the decimal logarithm, named after its base, or Briggsian logarithm, after Henry Briggs, an English mathematician who pioneered i ...

(log₁₀) ''or''

(log₂). * LHS –

left-hand side In mathematics, LHS is informal shorthand for the left-hand side of an equation. Similarly, RHS is the right-hand side. The two sides have the same value, expressed differently, since equality is symmetric.offset logarithmic integral In mathematics, the logarithmic integral function or integral logarithm li(''x'') is a special function. It is relevant in problems of physics and has number theoretic significance. In particular, according to the prime number theorem, it is ...

function. * li –

logarithmic integral In mathematics, the logarithmic integral function or integral logarithm li(''x'') is a special function. It is relevant in problems of physics and has number theoretic significance. In particular, according to the prime number theorem, it is a ...

function ''or''

linearly independent In the theory of vector spaces, a set of vectors is said to be if there is a nontrivial linear combination of the vectors that equals the zero vector. If no such linear combination exists, then the vectors are said to be . These concepts are ...

. * lim –

limit Limit or Limits may refer to: Arts and media * ''Limit'' (manga), a manga by Keiko Suenobu * ''Limit'' (film), a South Korean film * Limit (music), a way to characterize harmony * "Limit" (song), a 2016 single by Luna Sea * "Limits", a 2019 ...

of a sequence, or of a function. * lim inf –

limit inferior In mathematics, the limit inferior and limit superior of a sequence can be thought of as limiting (that is, eventual and extreme) bounds on the sequence. They can be thought of in a similar fashion for a function (see limit of a function). For ...

. * lim sup –

limit superior In mathematics, the limit inferior and limit superior of a sequence can be thought of as limiting (that is, eventual and extreme) bounds on the sequence. They can be thought of in a similar fashion for a function (see limit of a function). For a ...

. * LLN –

law of large numbers In probability theory, the law of large numbers (LLN) is a theorem that describes the result of performing the same experiment a large number of times. According to the law, the average of the results obtained from a large number of trials shou ...

. * ln –

natural logarithm The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant , which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to . The natural logarithm of is generally written as , , or sometimes, if ...

, log_''e''. * lnp1 –

natural logarithm plus 1 The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant , which is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to . The natural logarithm of is generally written as , , or sometimes, if ...

function. * ln1p –

function. * log –

logarithm In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation. That means the logarithm of a number to the base is the exponent to which must be raised, to produce . For example, since , the ''logarithm base'' 10 o ...

. (''If without a subscript, this may mean either'' log₁₀ ''or'' log_''e''.) * logh –

, log_''e''. * LST –

language Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...

set theory Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which can be informally described as collections of objects. Although objects of any kind can be collected into a set, set theory, as a branch of mathematics, is mostly conce ...

. * lub –

least upper bound In mathematics, the infimum (abbreviated inf; plural infima) of a subset S of a partially ordered set P is a greatest element in P that is less than or equal to each element of S, if such an element exists. Consequently, the term ''greatest low ...

. (''Also written'' sup.) * max –

maximum In mathematical analysis, the maxima and minima (the respective plurals of maximum and minimum) of a function, known collectively as extrema (the plural of extremum), are the largest and smallest value of the function, either within a given ran ...

of a set. * MGF –

moment-generating function In probability theory and statistics, the moment-generating function of a real-valued random variable is an alternative specification of its probability distribution. Thus, it provides the basis of an alternative route to analytical results compare ...

. * M.I. –

mathematical induction Mathematical induction is a method for proving that a statement ''P''(''n'') is true for every natural number ''n'', that is, that the infinitely many cases ''P''(0), ''P''(1), ''P''(2), ''P''(3), ... all hold. Informal metaphors help ...

. * min –

minimum In mathematical analysis, the maxima and minima (the respective plurals of maximum and minimum) of a function, known collectively as extrema (the plural of extremum), are the largest and smallest value of the function, either within a given ran ...

of a set. * mod – modulo. * Mp –

metaplectic group In mathematics, the metaplectic group Mp2''n'' is a double cover of the symplectic group Sp2''n''. It can be defined over either real or ''p''-adic numbers. The construction covers more generally the case of an arbitrary local or finite field, ...

. * mtanh – modified hyperbolic tangent function. (''Also written as'' mth.) * mth – modified hyperbolic tangent function. (''Also written as'' mtanh.) * mx –

matrix Matrix most commonly refers to: * ''The Matrix'' (franchise), an American media franchise ** ''The Matrix'', a 1999 science-fiction action film ** "The Matrix", a fictional setting, a virtual reality environment, within ''The Matrix'' (franchis ...

. * NAND – not-and in logic. * No. –

number A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The original examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers can be represented in language with number words. More universally, individual numbers c ...

. * NOR – not-or in logic. * NTS – need to show. * OBGF – ordinary bivariate generating function. * ob – object class. * ord –

ordinal number In set theory, an ordinal number, or ordinal, is a generalization of ordinal numerals (first, second, th, etc.) aimed to extend enumeration to infinite sets. A finite set can be enumerated by successively labeling each element with the least n ...

of a well-ordered set. * pdf –

probability density function In probability theory, a probability density function (PDF), or density of a continuous random variable, is a function whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable) can ...

. * pf – proof. * PGL –

projective general linear group In mathematics, especially in the group theoretic area of algebra, the projective linear group (also known as the projective general linear group or PGL) is the induced action of the general linear group of a vector space ''V'' on the associate ...

. * Pin –

pin group The PIN Group was a German courier and postal services company. It belonged to PIN Group S.A., a Luxembourg-based corporate affiliation made up of several German postal companies. History and shareholding The PIN Group originally traded under ...

. * pmf –

probability mass function In probability and statistics, a probability mass function is a function that gives the probability that a discrete random variable is exactly equal to some value. Sometimes it is also known as the discrete density function. The probability mass ...

. *Pn – previous number. * Pr – probability of an event. (''See

Probability theory Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set o ...

. Also written as'' P ''or''

\mathbb

.) * PSL –

projective special linear group In mathematics, especially in the group theoretic area of algebra, the projective linear group (also known as the projective general linear group or PGL) is the induced action of the general linear group of a vector space ''V'' on the associate ...

. * PSO –

projective orthogonal group In projective geometry and linear algebra, the projective orthogonal group PO is the induced action of the orthogonal group of a quadratic space ''V'' = (''V'',''Q'')A quadratic space is a vector space ''V'' together with a quadratic form ''Q''; ...

. * PSU –

projective special unitary group In mathematics, the projective unitary group is the quotient of the unitary group by the right multiplication of its center, , embedded as scalars. Abstractly, it is the holomorphic isometry group of complex projective space, just as the projectiv ...

. * PU –

projective unitary group In mathematics, the projective unitary group is the quotient group, quotient of the unitary group by the right multiplication of its centre of a group, center, , embedded as scalars. Abstractly, it is the Holomorphic function, holomorphic isometry ...

. * QED – "Quod erat demonstrandum", a Latin phrase used at the end of a definitive proof. * QEF – " quod erat faciendum", a Latin phrase sometimes used at the end of a geometrical construction. * ran –

range of a function In mathematics, the range of a function may refer to either of two closely related concepts: * The codomain of the function * The image of the function Given two sets and , a binary relation between and is a (total) function (from to ) if ...

. * rank –

rank Rank is the relative position, value, worth, complexity, power, importance, authority, level, etc. of a person or object within a ranking, such as: Level or position in a hierarchical organization * Academic rank * Diplomatic rank * Hierarchy * H ...

of a

. (''Also written as'' rk.) * Re –

real part In mathematics, a complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a specific element denoted , called the imaginary unit and satisfying the equation i^= -1; every complex number can be expressed in the form a ...

of a complex number. (''Also written''

\Re

.) * resp – respectively. * RHS –

right-hand side In mathematics, LHS is informal shorthand for the left-hand side of an equation. Similarly, RHS is the right-hand side. The two sides have the same value, expressed differently, since equality is symmetric.rank Rank is the relative position, value, worth, complexity, power, importance, authority, level, etc. of a person or object within a ranking, such as: Level or position in a hierarchical organization * Academic rank * Diplomatic rank * Hierarchy * H ...

. (''Also written as'' rank.) * RMS, rms –

root mean square In mathematics and its applications, the root mean square of a set of numbers x_i (abbreviated as RMS, or rms and denoted in formulas as either x_\mathrm or \mathrm_x) is defined as the square root of the mean square (the arithmetic mean of the ...

. * rng – non-unital ring. * rot –

rotor Rotor may refer to: Science and technology Engineering *Rotor (electric), the non-stationary part of an alternator or electric motor, operating with a stationary element so called the stator * Helicopter rotor, the rotary wing(s) of a rotorcraft ...

of a vector field. (''Also written as'' curl.) * RTP – required to prove. * RV –

random variable A random variable (also called random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable) is a mathematical formalization of a quantity or object which depends on random events. It is a mapping or a function from possible outcomes (e.g., the po ...

. (or as R.V.) * R -

Real number In mathematics, a real number is a number that can be used to measure a ''continuous'' one-dimensional quantity such as a distance, duration or temperature. Here, ''continuous'' means that values can have arbitrarily small variations. Every real ...

s * SD –

standard deviation In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean (also called the expected value) of the set, while ...

* SE –

standard error The standard error (SE) of a statistic (usually an estimate of a parameter) is the standard deviation of its sampling distribution or an estimate of that standard deviation. If the statistic is the sample mean, it is called the standard error ...

* sec – secant function. * sech –

hyperbolic secant In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogues of the ordinary trigonometric functions, but defined using the hyperbola rather than the circle. Just as the points form a circle with a unit radius, the points form the right half of the un ...

function. * seg –

initial segment In mathematics, an upper set (also called an upward closed set, an upset, or an isotone set in ''X'') of a partially ordered set (X, \leq) is a subset S \subseteq X with the following property: if ''s'' is in ''S'' and if ''x'' in ''X'' is larger ...

of. * sem –

haversine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',strong finite intersection property In general topology, a branch of mathematics, a non-empty family ''A'' of subsets of a set X is said to have the finite intersection property (FIP) if the intersection over any finite subcollection of A is non-empty. It has the strong finite int ...

. * sgn –

sign A sign is an object, quality, event, or entity whose presence or occurrence indicates the probable presence or occurrence of something else. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object—for instance, thunder is a sign of storm, or me ...

function. * Shi – hyperbolic sine integral function. * Si –

sine integral In mathematics, trigonometric integrals are a indexed family, family of integrals involving trigonometric functions. Sine integral The different sine integral definitions are \operatorname(x) = \int_0^x\frac\,dt \operatorname(x) = -\int ...

function. * sin –

sine In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle. The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is oppo ...

function. * sinc –

sinc In mathematics, physics and engineering, the sinc function, denoted by , has two forms, normalized and unnormalized.. In mathematics, the historical unnormalized sinc function is defined for by \operatornamex = \frac. Alternatively, the u ...

function. * sinh –

hyperbolic sine In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogues of the ordinary trigonometric functions, but defined using the hyperbola rather than the circle. Just as the points form a circle with a unit radius, the points form the right half of the u ...

function. * siv –

versine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit Āryabhaṭa's sine table , ''Aryabhatia'',

function. (''Also written as'' ver'','' vers.) * SL –

special linear group In mathematics, the special linear group of degree ''n'' over a field ''F'' is the set of matrices with determinant 1, with the group operations of ordinary matrix multiplication and matrix inversion. This is the normal subgroup of the genera ...

. * SO –

special orthogonal group In mathematics, the orthogonal group in dimension , denoted , is the group of distance-preserving transformations of a Euclidean space of dimension that preserve a fixed point, where the group operation is given by composing transformations. T ...

. * SOC – second order condition. * Soln –

solution Solution may refer to: * Solution (chemistry), a mixture where one substance is dissolved in another * Solution (equation), in mathematics ** Numerical solution, in numerical analysis, approximate solutions within specified error bounds * Soluti ...

. * Sp –

symplectic group In mathematics, the name symplectic group can refer to two different, but closely related, collections of mathematical groups, denoted and for positive integer ''n'' and field F (usually C or R). The latter is called the compact symplectic grou ...

. * Sp –

of a matrix, from the German "spur" used for the trace. * sp –

linear span In mathematics, the linear span (also called the linear hull or just span) of a set of vectors (from a vector space), denoted , pp. 29-30, §§ 2.5, 2.8 is defined as the set of all linear combinations of the vectors in . It can be characterized ...

of a set of vectors. (''Also written as'' span ''or written with angle brackets.'') * Spec –

spectrum of a ring In commutative algebra, the prime spectrum (or simply the spectrum) of a ring ''R'' is the set of all prime ideals of ''R'', and is usually denoted by \operatorname; in algebraic geometry it is simultaneously a topological space equipped with the ...

. * Spin –

spin group In mathematics the spin group Spin(''n'') page 15 is the double cover of the special orthogonal group , such that there exists a short exact sequence of Lie groups (when ) :1 \to \mathrm_2 \to \operatorname(n) \to \operatorname(n) \to 1. As a L ...

. * s.t. – such that ''or'' so that ''or'' subject to. * st –

standard part function In nonstandard analysis, the standard part function is a function from the limited (finite) hyperreal numbers to the real numbers. Briefly, the standard part function "rounds off" a finite hyperreal to the nearest real. It associates to every suc ...

. * STP –

t is T, or t, is the twentieth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''tee'' (pronounced ), plural ''tees''. It is deri ...

sufficient to prove. * SU –

special unitary group In mathematics, the special unitary group of degree , denoted , is the Lie group of unitary matrices with determinant 1. The more general unitary matrices may have complex determinants with absolute value 1, rather than real 1 in the special ...

. * sup –

supremum In mathematics, the infimum (abbreviated inf; plural infima) of a subset S of a partially ordered set P is a greatest element in P that is less than or equal to each element of S, if such an element exists. Consequently, the term ''greatest l ...

of a set. (''Also written as'' lub'', which stands for least upper bound.'') * supp –

support Support may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Supporting character Business and finance * Support (technical analysis) * Child support * Customer support * Income Support Construction * Support (structure), or lateral support, a ...

of a function. * swish –

swish function The swish function is a function (mathematics), mathematical function defined as follows: : \operatorname(x) = x \operatorname(\beta x) = \frac. where β is either constant or a trainable parameter depending on the model. For β = 1, ...

, an activation function in data analysis. * Sym –

symmetric group In abstract algebra, the symmetric group defined over any set is the group whose elements are all the bijections from the set to itself, and whose group operation is the composition of functions. In particular, the finite symmetric group \m ...

(Sym(''n'') ''is also written as'' S_''n'') or

symmetric algebra In mathematics, the symmetric algebra (also denoted on a vector space over a field is a commutative algebra over that contains , and is, in some sense, minimal for this property. Here, "minimal" means that satisfies the following universal ...

. * tan –

tangent In geometry, the tangent line (or simply tangent) to a plane curve at a given point is the straight line that "just touches" the curve at that point. Leibniz defined it as the line through a pair of infinitely close points on the curve. More ...

function. (''Also written as'' tgn'','' tg.) * tanh –

hyperbolic tangent In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogues of the ordinary trigonometric functions, but defined using the hyperbola rather than the circle. Just as the points form a circle with a unit radius, the points form the right half of the un ...

function. * TFAE – the following are equivalent. * tg –

function. (''Also written as'' tan'','' tgn.) * tgn –

function. (''Also written as'' tan'','' tg.) * Thm –

theorem In mathematics, a theorem is a statement that has been proved, or can be proved. The ''proof'' of a theorem is a logical argument that uses the inference rules of a deductive system to establish that the theorem is a logical consequence of th ...

. * Tor –

Tor functor In mathematics, the Tor functors are the derived functors of the tensor product of modules over a ring. Along with the Ext functor, Tor is one of the central concepts of homological algebra, in which ideas from algebraic topology are used to constr ...

. * Tr – trace, either the

field trace In mathematics, the field trace is a particular function defined with respect to a finite field extension ''L''/''K'', which is a ''K''-linear map from ''L'' onto ''K''. Definition Let ''K'' be a field and ''L'' a finite extension (and hence an a ...

, or the trace of a matrix or linear transformation. * undef – a function or expression is

* V –

volume Volume is a measure of occupied three-dimensional space. It is often quantified numerically using SI derived units (such as the cubic metre and litre) or by various imperial or US customary units (such as the gallon, quart, cubic inch). The de ...

. * var –

variance In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its population mean or sample mean. Variance is a measure of dispersion, meaning it is a measure of how far a set of numbers ...

of a random variable. * vcs –

vercosine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit ''Aryabhatia'',versine The versine or versed sine is a trigonometric function found in some of the earliest (Sanskrit Āryabhaṭa's sine table , ''Aryabhatia'',

function. (''Also written as'' vers'','' siv.) * vercos –

function. (''Also written as'' ver'','' siv.) * W^5 – which was what we wanted. Synonym of Q.E.D. * walog – without any loss of generality. * wff –

. * whp – with high probability. * wlog –

without loss of generality ''Without loss of generality'' (often abbreviated to WOLOG, WLOG or w.l.o.g.; less commonly stated as ''without any loss of generality'' or ''with no loss of generality'') is a frequently used expression in mathematics. The term is used to indicate ...

. * WMA – we may assume. * WO –

well-ordered In mathematics, a well-order (or well-ordering or well-order relation) on a set ''S'' is a total order on ''S'' with the property that every non-empty subset of ''S'' has a least element in this ordering. The set ''S'' together with the well-orde ...

set. * WOP – well-ordered principle. * wp1 – with probability 1. * wrt –

with respect to Dependent and independent variables are variables in mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences. Dependent variables receive this name because, in an experiment, their values are studied under the supposition or demand ...

''or'' with regard to. * WTP – want to prove. * WTS – want to show. * XOR –

exclusive or Exclusive or or exclusive disjunction is a logical operation that is true if and only if its arguments differ (one is true, the other is false). It is symbolized by the prefix operator J and by the infix operators XOR ( or ), EOR, EXOR, , ...

in logic. * ZF – Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms of set theory. * ZFC – Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms (with the

) of set theory.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mathematical Abbreviations

Abbreviations An abbreviation (from Latin ''brevis'', meaning ''short'') is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method. It may consist of a group of letters or words taken from the full version of the word or phrase; for example, the word ''abbrevia ...

See also

References