Prior to the Conquest of Wales, completed in 1282, Wales consisted of a number of independent

kingdoms Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

, the most important being Gwynedd,

Powys Powys (; ) is a county and preserved county in Wales. It is named after the Kingdom of Powys which was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain. Geog ...

Deheubarth Deheubarth (; lit. "Right-hand Part", thus "the South") was a regional name for the realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to Gwynedd (Latin: ''Venedotia''). It is now used as a shorthand for the various realms united under the House o ...

(originally

Ceredigion Ceredigion ( , , ) is a county in the west of Wales, corresponding to the historic county of Cardiganshire. During the second half of the first millennium Ceredigion was a minor kingdom. It has been administered as a county since 1282. Cer ...

Seisyllwg Seisyllwg () was a petty kingdom of medieval Wales.Davies, p. 85 It is unclear when it emerged as a distinct unit, but according to later sources it consisted of the former Kingdom of Ceredigion plus the region known as Ystrad Tywi. Thus it cover ...

and

Dyfed Dyfed () is a preserved county in southwestern Wales. It is a mostly rural area with a coastline on the Irish Sea and the Bristol Channel. Between 1974 and 1996, Dyfed was also the name of the area's county council and the name remains in use f ...

) and

Morgannwg Morgannwg was a medieval Welsh kingdom formed via the merger of the kingdoms of the Kingdom of Glywysing and the Kingdom of Gwent. Formation of Morgannwg First under King Morgan the Generous (fl. ) until the end of the reign of his descendant ...

(

Glywysing Glywysing was, from the sub-Roman period to the Early Middle Ages, a petty kingdom in south-east Wales. Its people were descended from the Iron Age tribe of the Silures, and frequently in union with Gwent, merging to form Morgannwg. Name and ...

and Gwent). Boundary changes and the equal division of patrimony meant that few princes ever came close to ruling the whole of Wales. The names of those known to have ruled over one or more of the kingdoms are listed below. The only person known to have ruled all of Wales was

Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Gruffydd ap Llywelyn ( 5 August 1063) was King of Wales from 1055 to 1063. He had previously been King of Gwynedd and Powys in 1039. He was the son of King Llywelyn ap Seisyll and Angharad daughter of Maredudd ab Owain, and the great-gre ...

(c. 1010–1063), a prince of Gwynedd who became King of Wales from 1055 to 1063. However, the princes of the medieval period hailing largely from west Wales, mainly Gwynedd, had such significant authority that allowed them to claim authority beyond the borders of their kingdoms. This allowed many Princes to claim to rule all Wales. Rhodri Mawr has been suggested by some as the first sovereign of Wales, and the first to unite most of Wales. The modern-day territory of Wales was only fully united under the direct rule of

from 1055 to 1063 according to historian John Davies. The native use of the title 'Prince of Wales' appeared more frequent by the eleventh century as a 'modernised' or reformed form of the old high kingship of the Britons. The native use of the titles ended following the killing of Llywelyn the Last and his brother,

Dafydd ap Gruffydd Dafydd ap Gruffydd (11 July 1238 – 3 October 1283) was Prince of Wales from 11 December 1282 until his execution on 3 October 1283 on the orders of King Edward I of England. He was the last native Prince of Wales before the conquest of Wa ...

and since then the

Prince of Wales Prince of Wales ( cy, Tywysog Cymru, ; la, Princeps Cambriae/Walliae) is a title traditionally given to the heir apparent to the English and later British throne. Prior to the conquest by Edward I in the 13th century, it was used by the rulers ...

title has been used by the English and then British monarchy.

Title of "King of Wales"

Rhodri Mawr has been suggested by some as the first sovereign of Wales, and the first to unite most of Wales.

Before Welsh Kings

Prior to the King or Prince of Wales title, the title King of the Britons was used to describe the King of the Celtic Britons, ancestors of the Welsh. The

Brut y Tywysogion ''Brut y Tywysogion'' ( en, Chronicle of the Princes) is one of the most important primary sources for Welsh history. It is an annalistic chronicle that serves as a continuation of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s ''Historia Regum Britanniae''. ''Brut ...

, Gwentian Chronicles of Caradoc of Llancarvan version, which was written no earlier than the mid 16th century lists multiple Kings of the Britons as a "King of Wales".

List of titleholders of "King of Wales"

The following is a list of those assigned or claiming the title of King or Prince of Wales, including "Sovereigns and Princes of Wales 844 – 1283". While many different leaders in Wales claimed the title of 'King of Wales' and ruled majorities of Wales, the modern-day territory of Wales was only fully united under the direct rule of

from 1055 to 1063 according to historian John Davies. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was referred to as King of Wales or ''Rex Walensium'' by

John of Worcester John of Worcester (died c. 1140) was an English monk and chronicler who worked at Worcester Priory. He is usually held to be the author of the ''Chronicon ex chronicis''. ''Chronicon ex chronicis'' The ''Chronicon ex chronicis'' is a world wi ...

. He was the last of a long line of paramount rulers among the insular Britons to have the title of King of the Britons bestowed upon him, and possibly the only one to truly rule over all the (independent) Britons. By this time, if not earlier, Wales was the only part of Britain remaining under

Brittonic Brittonic or Brythonic may refer to: *Common Brittonic, or Brythonic, the Celtic language anciently spoken in Great Britain *Brittonic languages, a branch of the Celtic languages descended from Common Brittonic *Britons (Celtic people) The Br ...

rule.

Native title of "Prince of Wales"

Evolution from King to Prince

The native use of the title 'Prince of Wales' appeared more frequent by the eleventh century as a 'modernised' or reformed form of the old high kingship of the Britons. The Welsh had originally been the high Kings of the Britons up until the claim to be high king of late Romano-British Britain was no longer realistic after the death of

Cadwaladr Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon (also spelled Cadwalader or Cadwallader in English) was king of Gwynedd in Wales from around 655 to 682 AD. Two devastating plagues happened during his reign, one in 664 and the other in 682; he himself was a victim of t ...

in 664. Cadwaldr was also heavily associated with the symbol of the Red Dragon of Wales.D.R. Woolf, "The power of the past: history, ritual and political authority in Tudor England", in Paul A. Fideler, ''Political Thought and the Tudor Commonwealth:Deep Structure, Discourse, and Disguise'', New York, 1992, pp.21–22. The princes of the medieval period hailed largely from west Wales, mainly Gwynedd. They had such significant authority that allowed them to claim authority beyond the borders of their kingdoms. This allowed many Princes to claim to rule all Wales.

End of native Welsh Princes

Llywelyn the Last, the last Prince of Wales was ambushed and killed in 1282. The execution of his brother

in 1283 on the orders of King

Edward I of England Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1272 to 1307. Concurrently, he ruled the duchies of Aquitaine and Gascony as a vas ...

effectively ended

Welsh independence Welsh independence ( cy, Annibyniaeth i Gymru) is the political movement advocating for Wales to become a sovereign state, independent from the United Kingdom. Wales was conquered during the 13th century by Edward I of England following the ki ...

. The title of Prince of Wales was then used by the English monarchy for the heir to the English throne. During the period 1400–1413, following a rebellion against English rule in Wales, there existed a native Prince of Wales, Owain Glyndwr and an English monarchy appointed Prince of Wales (who later became Henry V of England). The native Prince of Wales, Owain Glyndwr led Welsh forces against the English Prince of Wales and English rule in Wales.

Regional Kingdoms of Wales

Deheubarth

The kingdom of Deheubarth was formed by the union of the kingdoms of Ceredigion, Seisyllwg and Dyfed. Ceredigion was absorbed into Seisyllwg and Dyfed was merged with Seisyllwg to form Deheubarth in 909.

Ceredigion

* Ceredig ap Cunedda (424–453)A history of WalesEncyclopaedia of Wales *Usai (453–490) *Serwyl (490–525) *Boddw (525–560) *Arthfoddw (560–595) *Arthlwys (595–630) *Clydog I (630–665)

Dyfed

* Anwn Ddu (Welsh rendering of ''Antonius the Black''). According to Welsh legend, born in Greece, and later appointed to the rule of Demetia (Dyfed) by

Magnus Maximus Magnus Maximus (; cy, Macsen Wledig ; died 8 August 388) was Roman emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 383 to 388. He usurped the throne from emperor Gratian in 383 through negotiation with emperor Theodosius I. He was made emperor in B ...

. Also known as Anwn Dynod (rendering ''Antonius Donatus''). Realm included Gwent and

Brycheiniog Brycheiniog was an independent kingdom in South Wales in the Early Middle Ages. It often acted as a buffer state between England to the east and the south Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth to the west. It was conquered and pacified by the Norman ...

. * Ednyfed - realm also included the Caer-Went part of Gwent (his brother received the remainder) * Clotri *

Triffyn Farfog Triffyn Farfog ( en, Triffyn the Bearded; born c. AD 385) was a legendary king of Dyfed, son of , a Deisi invader from Ireland, of the dynasty of Eochaid Allmuir. Triffyn married Gwledyr, the heiress of the British kings of Dyfed, in the mid-5 ...

Aergol Lawhir Aergol Longhand (Modern Welsh: ''Aergol Lawhir''; c. 437 c. 515) was a legendary king of Dyfed and son and heir of King Triffyn Farfog. His name is the Welsh form of the Latin Agricola, just as his father's 'name' is the Cambrian form of "tribun ...

(?-c. 515) *

Vortiporius Vortiporius or Vortipor ( owl, Guortepir, Middle Welsh ''Gwrdeber'' or ''Gwerthefyr'') was a king of Dyfed in the early to mid-6th century. He ruled over an area approximately corresponding to modern Pembrokeshire, Wales. Records from this era a ...

(c. 540) *

Arthur ap Pedr Arthur is a common male given name of Brythonic origin. Its popularity derives from it being the name of the legendary hero King Arthur. The etymology is disputed. It may derive from the Celtic ''Artos'' meaning “Bear”. Another theory, more ...

* Cloten (c. 630) married Ceindrech of Brycheiniog, uniting the two kingdoms of Dyfed and Brycheiniog *

Rhain ap Cadwgan Rhain ap Cadwgan ( en, Regin son of Cadogan; died c. 740) was an 8th-century king of Dyfed and Brycheiniog in Wales of the Early Middle Ages. He succeeded his father Cadwgan, who succeeded his father Caten ap Cloten. Biography Rhain's great-gr ...

(c. 690-740) - also king of Brycheiniog. On his death, his kingdoms were divided again by his sons. *

Tewdwr ap Rhain Tudor most commonly refers to: * House of Tudor, English royal house of Welsh origins ** Tudor period, a historical era in England coinciding with the rule of the Tudor dynasty Tudor may also refer to: Architecture * Tudor architecture, the fin ...

* Maredudd ap Tewdws (c. 740–797) * Rhain ap Maredudd (c. 797–808) * Owain ap Maredudd (c. 808–810) * Triffyn ap Rhain (?-c. 814) *

Hyfaidd Hyfaidd ap Bleddri (born ) was a king of Dyfed. Triad 68"Three Kings who Sprang from Villeins"lists Hyfaidd among their number, meaning that his father Bleddri or Bledrig was held to have been a serf rather than a member of Dyfed's old royal fam ...

Llywarch ap Hyfaidd Llywarch ap Hyfaidd (died ) was a king of Dyfed from until its conquest around 904 by King Cadell of Ceredigion / Seisyllwg and his son Hywel. Upon Llywarch's death, the kingdom passed briefly to his brother Rhodri, but Hywel soon consolida ...

(c. 893-904) * Rhodri ap Hyfaidd (c. 904-905) *

Hywel Dda Hywel Dda, sometimes anglicised as Howel the Good, or Hywel ap Cadell (died 949/950) was a king of Deheubarth who eventually came to rule most of Wales. He became the sole king of Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter established Deheubart ...

("Hywel the Good") (c. 905-909), an invader from Seisllywg who conquered Dyfed (but later chronicles claim he acquired it by marrying Llywarch's daughter)

Seisyllwg

Seisyll ap Clydog Seisyll ap Clydog was King of Ceredigion in Wales some time in the late 7th or early 8th century. He gave his name to the later kingdom of Seisyllwg, which consisted of Ceredigion plus the region known as Ystrad Tywi; as such he was possibly the ki ...

, prince of

(eponym and possibly founder of Seisyllwg) * Arthen (?-807) * DyfnwallonHeritage Consulting. Millennium File atabase on-line Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2003. * Meurig of Seisyllwg * Gwgon of Seisyllwg (?-c. 870/871) ''House Manaw'' * Angharad ferch Meurig (?-872) and

Rhodri the Great Rhodri ap Merfyn ( 820 – 873/877/878), popularly known as Rhodri the Great ( cy, Rhodri Mawr), succeeded his father, Merfyn Frych, as King of Gwynedd in 844. Rhodri annexed Powys c. 856 and Seisyllwg c. 871. He is called " King of the Brito ...

(?–873/877/878) - stewards *

Cadell ap Rhodri Cadell ap Rhodri (854–909) was King of Seisyllwg, a minor kingdom in southwestern Wales, from about 872 until his death. Life Cadell was the second son of King Rhodri the Great of Gwynedd and Angharad, a princess from Seisyllwg. In 872 Ang ...

, second son of Anghared and Rhodri (872–909) *

(Hywel the Good) (909-920) - he ruled Seisyllwg in 920 and shortly thereafter merged it with Dyfed into

Deheubarth

(Hywel the Good) (920–950) * His son, Owain ap Hywel (950–986) ** Rhodri ap Hywel (950–953) ''and'' ** Edwin ap Hywel (950–954) * Owain ap Hywel's son, Maredudd ab Owain (986–999) *

Cynan ap Hywel Cynan ap Hywel (ruled 999–1005) was a Prince of Gwynedd, one of the kingdoms or principalities of medieval Wales. He was the son of Hywel ap Ieuaf, a previous king from the line of Idwal Foel (his grandfather). On Hywel's death, the realm was ru ...

, prince of Gwynedd (999–1005) * the sons of Einion ab Owain (brother of Maredudd ab Owain), who ruled jointly: ** Edwin ab Einion (1005–1018) ** Cadell ab Einion (1005–1018) *

Llywelyn ap Seisyll Llywelyn ap Seisyll (died 1023) was an 11th-century King of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth. Llywelyn was the son of Seisyll, a man of whom little is known. Llewelyn first appears on record in 1018, the year he defeated and killed Aeddan ap Blegy ...

, prince of Gwynedd (1018–1023) * Rhydderch ap Iestyn, prince of Glywysing (1023–1033) * Edwin ab Einion's son, Hywel ab Edwin (1033–1044) * Rhydderch ap Iestyn's son,

Gruffydd ap Rhydderch Gruffydd ap Rhydderch (d. AD 1055) was a king of Gwent and part of the kingdom of Morgannwg in south Wales and later king of Deheubarth. Gruffydd was the son of Rhydderch ab Iestyn who had been able to take over the kingdom of Deheubarth from 1 ...

(1047–1055) *

, invader and prince of Gwynedd (1055–1063) * Edwin ab Einion's grandson, Maredudd ab Owain ab Edwin (1063–1072) * his brother, Rhys ab Owain (1072–1078) * his second cousin, Rhys ap Tewdwr (1078–1093) ''Deheubarth was in the possession of the

Normans The Normans ( Norman: ''Normaunds''; french: Normands; la, Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Franks and Gallo-Romans. ...

from 1093 to 1155'' * Gruffydd ap Rhys (1116–1137) ''ruled a portion of Deheubarth with Norman permission'' * his son,

Anarawd ap Gruffydd Anarawd ap Gruffydd (died 1143) was a Prince of Deheubarth in Southwest Wales. Lineage Anarawd was the eldest son of Gruffydd ap Rhys. On the death of his father in 1137, Anarawd took over the rule of Deheubarth. Resistance In 1136 he and ...

(1136–1143) * his brother, Cadell ap Gruffydd (1143–1151) * his brother,

Maredudd ap Gruffydd Maredudd ap Gruffydd (1131–1155) was a prince of the kingdom of Deheubarth in Southwest Wales. Maredudd was the fifth of six sons of Gruffydd ap Rhys, and the third of four by Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd;Cadw, Welsh Government (Crown Copyright), ...

(1151–1155) * his brother,

The Lord Rhys Rhys ap Gruffydd, commonly known as The Lord Rhys, in Welsh ''Yr Arglwydd Rhys'' (c. 1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197 and native Prince of Wales. It was believed that h ...

(Rhys ap Gruffydd) (1155–1197) * his son, Gruffydd ap Rhys (1197–1201) ''who for a time ruled jointly with his brother,'' *

Maelgwn ap Rhys Maelgwn ap Rhys (c. 1170–1230) was prince of part of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south west Wales. Maelgwn was the son of Rhys ap Gruffydd (''The Lord Rhys'') by his wife Gwenllian ferch Madog, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd prince of Powys. He a ...

(1199–1230) ''who disputed the territory with his brother,'' * Rhys the Hoarse (

Rhys Gryg Rhys Gryg ('Rhys the Hoarse') (died 1234), real name Rhys ap Rhys, also known as Rhys Fychan ('Rhys the Younger') was a Welsh prince who ruled part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth. Lineage Rhys was the fourth son of Rhys ap Gruffydd (The Lord Rhy ...

) (1216–1234) ''From 1234 to 1283, Deheubarth was subject to the princes of Gwynedd'' * Rhys the Hoarse's son, Rhys Mechyll (1234–1244) ''ruled a portion of Deheubarth'' * his brother, Maredudd ap Rhys (1244–1271) ''ruled a portion of Deheubarth'' * his son, Rhys ap Maredudd (1271–1283) ''ruled a portion of Deheubarth''

Gwynedd

Kings of Gwynedd

* Cunedda ''Wledig'' ap Edern (Cunedda the Imperator) (c. 450–c. 460) * Einion ''Yrth'' ap Cunedda (Einion the Impetuous) (c. 470–c. 480) ** Owain Ddantgwyn ( Rhos; late 5th century) ** Cynlas Goch ( Rhos) & St Einion ( Llŷn) ap Owain (late 5th and early 6th century) * Cadwallon ''Lawhir'' ap Einion (Cadwallon Long Hand) (c. 500–c. 534) * Maelgwn ''Hir'' ap Cadwallon (Maelgwn the Tall) (c. 520–c. 547) * Rhun ''Hir'' ap Maelgwn (Rhun the Tall) (c. 547–c. 580) *

Beli ap Rhun Beli ap Rhun (c. 517 – c. 599) was King of Gwynedd (reigned c. 586 – c. 599). Nothing is known of the person, and his name is known only from Welsh genealogies, which confirm that he had at least two sons. He succeeded his father Rhun ...

(c. 580–c. 599) *

Iago ap Beli Iago ap Beli (c. 540 – c. 616) was King of Gwynedd (reigned c. 599 – c. 616). Little is known of him or his kingdom from this early era, with only a few anecdotal mentions of him in historical documents. Iago ap Beli (Latin: Iacobus Be ...

(c. 599–c. 616) *

Cadfan ap Iago Cadfan ap Iago (c. 569 – c. 625) was King of Gwynedd (reigned c. 616 – c. 625). Little is known of the history of Gwynedd from this period, and information about Cadfan and his reign is minimal. The historical person is known only fr ...

(c. 613–c. 625) *

Cadwallon ap Cadfan Cadwallon ap Cadfan (died 634A difference in the interpretation of Bede's dates has led to the question of whether Cadwallon was killed in 634 or the year earlier, 633. Cadwallon died in the year after the Battle of Hatfield Chase, which Bede rep ...

(c. 625–634) * Cadafael ''Cadomedd'' ap Cynfeddw (Cadfael the Battle-Shirker) (634–c. 655) * Cadwaladr ''Fendigaid'' ap Cadwallon (Cadwallader the Blessed) (c. 655–c. 682) * Idwal ''Iwrch'' ap Cadwaladr (Idwal Roebuck) (c. 682–c. 720) * Rhodri ''Molwynog'' ap Idwal (Rhodri the Bald and Gray) (c. 720–c. 754) *

Caradog ap Meirion Caradog ap Meirion (died ) was an 8th-century king of Gwynedd in northwest Wales. This era in the history of Gwynedd was not notable and, given the lack of reliable information available, serious histories such that as by Davies do not mention ...

(c. 754–c. 798) * Cynan ''Dindaethwy'' ap Rhodri (c. 798–816) * Hywel ap Rhodri Molwynog (814–825) * Merfyn ''Frych'' ap Gwriad (Merfyn the Freckled) (825–844) * Rhodri ''Mawr'' ap Merfyn (Rhodri the Great) (844–878) *

Anarawd ap Rhodri Anarawd ap Rhodri (died ) was a King of Gwynedd, referenced as " King of the Britons" in the ''Annales Cambriae'' (''The Annals of Wales''). Anarawd's father Rhodri the Great, by conquest and alleged inheritances, had become ruler of most of nor ...

(878–916) (establishes the

Aberffraw Aberffraw is a village and community on the south west coast of the Isle of Anglesey ( cy, Ynys Môn), in Wales, by the west bank of the Afon Ffraw (Ffraw River). The community includes Soar and Dothan. Located near the A4080 and the neares ...

dynasty, the senior branch of descendants from Rhodri Mawr) *

Idwal Foel Idwal Foel (Idwal the Bald; died c. 942) or Idwal ab Anarawd (Idwal son of Anarawd) was a 10th-century King of Gwynedd in Wales. A member of the House of Aberffraw, he inherited the throne from his father, Anarawd ap Rhodri. William of Malmesbury ...

ab Anarawd (Idwal the Bald) (916–942) * Hywel ''Dda'' ap Cadell (Howell the Good) (942–950) ( Dinefwr dynasty of Rhodri Mawr's descendants usurp from Aberffraw) *

Iago ab Idwal Iago ab Idwal was a King of Gwynedd (r. 950 979) and possibly Powys. Iago was the son of the earlier King Idwal the Bald but, upon Idwal's death in combat in 942, his uncle Hywel the Good invaded Gwynedd and seized the throne. On Hywel's ...

(950–979) (return to the Aberffraw branch) *

Ieuaf ab Idwal Idwal ab Idwal ( en , Idwal son of Idwal, died 988), usually known as Ieuaf ( cy, Junior) to distinguish him from his father Idwal Foel, was joint king of Gwynedd in northern Wales from 950 to 969. He possibly also ruled Powys for some time. Ieua ...

(950–969) *

Hywel ab Ieuaf Hywel ap Ieuaf (died 985) was a King of Kingdom of Gwynedd, Gwynedd in north-west Wales from 979 to 985. Hywel was the son of Ieuaf ap Idwal who had ruled Gwynedd jointly with his brother Iago ab Idwal until 969. In that year the sons of Idwal quar ...

(974–985) * Cadwallon ab Ieuaf (985–986) * Maredudd ab Owain (986–999) (return to Dinefwr dynasty) *

(999–1005) (return to the Aberffraw dynasty) *

Aeddan ap Blegywryd Aeddan ap Blegywryd (died 1018) was a King of Gwynedd in medieval Wales. He became ruler in 1005 but the circumstances of his accession are unclear as he does not seem to have been closely related to his predecessor, Cynan ap Hywel. Aeddan ap Ble ...

(1005–1018) (usurpation from the Aberffraw dynasty) *

(1018–1023) (cadet branch of

Mathrafal Mathrafal near Welshpool, in Powys, Mid Wales, was the seat of the Kings and Princes of Powys probably from the 9th century until its destruction in 1213 by Prince Llywelyn the Great. Location On the banks of the River Banwy, just above its c ...

dynasty from Powys usurps from Aeddan ap Blegywryd) *

Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig (died 1039) was a Prince of Gwynedd and Powys. He was also referred to as "King of the Britons" in the ''Annals of Ulster''. On the death of Llywelyn ap Seisyll in 1023, the rule of Gwynedd returned to the ancient dynasty ...

(1023–1039) (return to Aberffraw dynasty) *

(1039–1063) (usurpation from Aberffraw dynasty) *

Bleddyn ap Cynfyn Bleddyn ap Cynfyn ( owl, Bledẏnt uab Kẏn ỽẏn; AD 1075), sometimes spelled Blethyn, was an 11th-century Welsh king. Harold Godwinson and Tostig Godwinson installed him and his brother, Rhiwallon, as the co-rulers of Gwynedd ...

(1063–1075) (Mathrafal dynasty of Powys "receives" Gwynedd from the English King) *

Trahaearn ap Caradog Trahaearn ap Caradog (1044 – 1081) was a King of Gwynedd. Trahaearn was a son of Caradog ap Gwyn, ruler of Arwystli (in the south of present-day Montgomeryshire, Wales), a small state, on the south-western border between Gwynedd and Powys. He ...

(1075–1081) *

Gruffudd ap Cynan Gruffudd ap Cynan ( 1137), sometimes written as Gruffydd ap Cynan, was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until his death in 1137. In the course of a long and eventful life, he became a key figure in Welsh resistance to Norman rule, and was rememb ...

(1081–1137) (return to Aberffraw dynasty) * Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd (1137–1170) (first to style himself ''Princeps Wallensium''Davies, John ''A History of Wales,'' the title ''Princeps Wallensium'') * Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd (1170–1173) *

Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd ( – 1203) was Prince of Gwynedd from 1170 to 1195. For a time he ruled jointly with his brothers Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd and Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd. Dafydd was the son of Owain Gwynedd by Cristin ferch Goronwy ab ...

(1170–1195) ''(in the east)'' *

Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd ( 1147 – 1195) was prince of part of Gwynedd, one of the kingdoms of medieval Wales. He ruled from 1175 to 1195. On the death of Owain Gwynedd in 1170, fighting broke out among his nineteen sons over the division of hi ...

(1170–1190) ''(in the west)'' * Llywelyn ''Fawr'' ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great) (1195–1240) *

Dafydd ap Llywelyn Dafydd ap Llywelyn (''c.'' March 1212 – 25 February 1246) was Prince of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246. He was the first ruler in Wales to claim the title Prince of Wales. Birth and descent Though birth years of 1208, 1206, and 1215 have ...

(1240–1246) (used title ''Prince of Wales'' from 1244 onwards) *

Owain Goch ap Gruffydd Owain ap Gruffudd (also known as ''Owain Goch'' wain the Red (died 1282) was brother to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Dafydd ap Gruffudd and, for a brief period in the late 1240s and early 1250s, ruler of part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd (in modern-day ...

(Owen the Red) (1246–1255) *

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1223 – 11 December 1282), sometimes written as Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, also known as Llywelyn the Last ( cy, Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf, lit=Llywelyn, Our Last Leader), was the native Prince of Wales ( la, Princeps Wall ...

(Llywelyn the Last) (1246–1282) (used title ''Prince of Wales'' from 1258 onwards) *

(1282–1283) (not crowned but claimed the title) *

Madog ap Llywelyn Madog ap Llywelyn (died after 1312) was the leader of the Welsh revolt of 1294–95 against English rule in Wales and proclaimed "Prince of Wales". The revolt was surpassed in longevity only by the revolt of Owain Glyndŵr in the 15th century. Ma ...

(1294–1295) (not crowned but claimed the title) * Owain ap Tomas ap Rhodri (Owen the Red Hand) (1372–1378) (in exile but claimed the title)

Morgannwg

The kingdom of Morgannwg was formed by the union of the kingdoms of Morgannwg and Gwent. Over time, in a few instances, the kingdoms were separate and independent.

Glywysing

* Eugenius, son of

* Marius, son of Eugenius * Solar, son of Marius *

Glywys Glywys is a legendary early 5th century Welsh king, an important character in early Welsh genealogies as the eponymous founder king of Glywysing, a southeast Welsh kingdom whose heartland lay between the Tawe and the Usk. In one genealogy Glywys ...

, son of Solar (c. 470–c. 480), who gave his name to the kingdom **

Gwynllyw Gwynllyw Filwr or Gwynllyw Farfog (), known in English in a corrupted form as Woolos the Warrior or Woolos the Bearded ( la, Gundleus, Gundleius or Gwenleue; 450 – 500 AD) was a Welsh king and religious figure. He was King of Gwynllwg in Sout ...

, son of Glywys, ruler of

Gwynllwg Gwynllŵg was a kingdom of mediaeval Wales and later a Norman lordship and then a cantref. Location It was named after Gwynllyw, its 5th century or 6th century ruler and consisted of the coastal plain stretching between the Rhymney and Usk ...

(c. 480–523), cantref of Glywysing ** Pawl, son of Glywys, ruler of

Penychen Penychen was a possible minor kingdom of early medieval Wales and later a cantref of the Kingdom of Morgannwg. Penychen was one of three cantrefi that made up the kingdom of Glywysing, lying between the rivers Taff and Thaw, the other two being G ...

(c. 480–540), cantref of Glywysing ** Mechwyn, son of Glywys, ruler of

Gorfynydd Glywysing was, from the sub-Roman period to the Early Middle Ages, a petty kingdom in south-east Wales. Its people were descended from the Iron Age tribe of the Silures, and frequently in union with Gwent, merging to form Morgannwg. Name a ...

(c. 480–c.500), cantref of Glywysing *

Cadoc Saint Cadoc or Cadog ( lat-med, Cadocus; also Modern Welsh: Cattwg; born or before) was a 5th–6th-century Abbot of Llancarfan, near Cowbridge in Glamorgan, Wales, a monastery famous from the era of the British church as a centre of learni ...

, son of Gwynllyw, ruler of Gwynllwg (523–580) and Penychen (540–580), died without heirs Glywysing is ruled by the Kings of Gwent until Rhys ap Ithel * Rhys ap Ithel/

Rhys ab Idwal Rhys or Rhŷs is a popular Welsh given name (usually male) that is famous in Welsh history and is also used as a surname. It originates from Deheubarth, an old region of South West Wales, with famous kings such as Rhys ap Tewdwr. It is pronounc ...

, son of the Kings of Gwent (c. 755–785), with brothers,

Rhodri Rhodri is a male first name of Welsh origin. It is derived from the elements ''rhod'' "wheel" and ''rhi'' "king". It may refer to the following people: *Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal (690–754), Welsh king of Gwynedd (720—754) * Rhodri Mawr ap ...

and Meurig *

Arthfael Hen ap Rhys Arthfael Hen ap Rhys, also called Arthfael the Old, was the king of the Kingdom of Glywysing (in modern-day Wales) between 785 and approximately 825 AD. History Arthfael was the second son of Gweirydd ap Brochfael and a descendant of Saint Tewd ...

(Arthfael the Old) (785–c. 825) with Brochfael ap Rhys * Rhys ap Arthfael, (c. 830–c. 840) * Hywel ap Rhys, (c. 840–886) * Owain ap Hywel (886–) ** Gruffydd ab Owain (–934) King of Gower ** Cadwgan ab Owain (–950) King of West Glywysing * Morgan the Old ( Morgan Hen or Morgan ab Owain or Moragn Hen Fawr) (930–974) united the former kingdoms of Gwent and

in 942 under the name of Morgannwg, but they were broken up again immediately after his death, remaining separate until about 1055 * Morgan the Old's son, Owain ap Morgan (974–c. 983) * brothers of Owain ap Morgan (Idwallon, Hywel and Cadell) (dates unknown) * his son, Rhys ab Owain (c. 990–c. 1000) who ruled Glywysing jointly with his brothers * Ithel the Black, son Idwallon (990) ** Hywel ab Owain (c. 990–c. 1043) and ** Iestyn ab Owain (c. 990–c. 1015) * his son, Rhydderch ap Iestyn (c. 1015–1033) * his son,

(1033–1055) * Gwrgant ab Ithel the Black (1033 - 1070) *

, invader and prince of Gwynedd (1055–1063) * Gruffydd ap Rhydderch's son,

Caradog ap Gruffydd Caradog ap Gruffydd (died 1081) was a Prince of Gwent in south-east Wales in the time of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and the Norman conquest, who reunified his family's inheritance of Morgannwg and made repeated attempts to reunite southern Wales ...

(1063–1081) who was a subject of the King of Gwent and King of Morgannwg

Cadwgan ap Meurig Cadwgan ap Meurig (fl. 1045 – 1074) was a medieval Welsh ruler who reigned over the petty kingdoms of Gwent and Morgannwg in the tumultuous years of dynastic struggle leading up to the Norman invasion of Wales. The chronicler Orderic Vital ...

before he deposed him and took the kingdom for himself * Iestyn ap Gwrgan(t) (1081–1091), the last ruler of an independent Morgannwg, which was thereafter in the possession of the

and became the lordship of Glamorgan

Gwent

* Anwn Ddu (the same person as ruled Dyfed at this time). Welsh legend claims he was appointed by

, who later became Roman Emperor (and hence referred to in Welsh as ''Macsen Wledig'' - ''Maximus the Emperor''). Some genealogies claim him to be Magnus' son. His realm was divided upon his death between his sons Edynfed and Tudwal.

= in Caer-Went

= *Edynfed ap Anwn - also ruler of Dyfed * ap Ednyfed, and his wife - St

Madrun Saint Materiana is a Welsh saint, patron of two churches in Cornwall and one in Wales. Alternative spellings are Madrun and Madryn. The name was corrupted to "Marcelliana" in medieval times. Another spelling of her name sometimes used is "Mertheri ...

ferch Gwerthefyr (Welsh rendering of ''Honorius'') * Iddon ap Ynyr (480 - 490) * Caradog (Strongarm) * Meurig ap Caradog and his wife - Dyfwn ferch

* Erbic ap Meurig ?

= in Caer-Leon

= * Tudwal ap Anwn * Teithrin ap Tudwal * Teithfallt ap Teithrin (Welsh rendering of ''Theudebald'') *

Tewdrig Tewdrig ap Teithfallt (; la, Theodoricus), known simply as Tewdrig, was a king of the post-Roman Kingdom of Glywysing. He abdicated in favour of his son Meurig (Maurice) and retired to live a hermitical life, but was recalled to lead his son ...

, son of Teithfallt (490 – 493/517) (Welsh rendering of ''Theodoric''). Traditionally, Tewdrig had a daughter - Marchell verch Tewdrig - for whom he carved out

as a dowry. *

Meurig ap Tewdrig Meurig ap Tewdrig (Latin: ''Mauricius''; English: ''Maurice'') was the son of Tewdrig (St. Tewdric), and a King of the early Welsh Kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing. He is thought to have lived between 400AD and 600AD, but some sources give more spec ...

King of Gwent (493/517 – 530–540) *

Athrwys ap Meurig Athrwys ap Meurig (c. 605–655) was a prince, and possibly king, of Gwent and Glywysing in Wales. He was the son of King Meurig ap Tewdrig and the father of the later king Morgan ab Athrwys. It is possible he died before his father Meurig and d ...

King of Gwent (530–540 - 573) * Frioc ap Meurig, with Idnerth ap Meurig ? * Ithel ap Athrwys * Morgan the Great ? * Morgan the Courteous and Benefactor ? (-654) * Anthres ap Morcant ? (654-663) *

Morgan the Generous __NOTOC__ Morgan ap Athrwys or Morgan Mwynfawr ('Morgan the Generous'; fl. ) was a king of Gwent and Glywysing (i.e., Morgannwg) in southeast Wales. He was the grandson of Meurig ap Tewdrig and the son of Athrwys ap Meurig. Reign Morgan was the ...

(-730) *

Ithel ap Morgan Ithel or Idwal ap Morgan was a king of Gwent and Glywysing (i.e., Morgannwg) in southeastern Wales. His father was Morgan the Generous, the probable namesake of the later realm of Morgannwg (whence modern Glamorgan).Lloyd, John E. ''A History ...

(710/715 - 735/740/745/755) *

Ffernfael ab Idwal Ffernfael ab Idwal or Ithel (died ) was a late 8th-century king of Gwent in southeast Wales. His name seems to mean "strong ankles".Todd, James H. & al. (trans.) ''Leabhar breathnach annso sis'': the Irish version of the ''Historia Britonum'' ...

(-774/777) * Athrwys ap Ffernfael (774-810) * Idwallon ap Gwrgant (810-842) * Ithel ap Hywel or ap Athrwys ?(842-848) * Meurig ap Hywel or ap Ithel ? (848-849) *

Meurig ap Arthfael Hen Meurig is a Welsh name of Brittonic origin and may refer to: *Meurig ap Tewdrig (, the son of Tewdrig (St. Tewdrig), and a king of the early Welsh kingdoms of Gwent and Glywysing *Meurig ap Idnerth, king of Buellt, a Welsh kingdom from c. 510 to 54 ...

(849-874) *

Ffernfael ap Meurig Ffernfael ap Meurig ( owl, Fernmail map Meuric; Modern cy, Ffernfael ap Meurig; fl. c. 880) was a 9th-century king of Gwent in southeast Wales. He ruled jointly with his brother Brochfael. Asser Asser (; ; died 909) was a Welsh monk fr ...

(874-880) * Brochfael ap Meurig (880-920) * Arthfael ap Hywel (-916/927) * Owain ap Hywel (920-930) * Cadell ap Arthfael (930-940/943) *

Morgan the Old Morgan Hen ab Owain or Morgan the Old (died 974), first known as Morgan ab Owain of Gwent and also known as Moragn Hen Fawr, was the king of Morgannwg. He ruled from AD 942 to 974. In 931, Morgan was one of the Welsh rulers who submitted to Athel ...

, Morgan Hen or Morgan ab Owain or Morgan Hen Fawr (940/943–955) united the former kingdoms of Gwent and

in 942 under the name of Morgannwg but they were broken up again immediately after his death and remained separate until about 1055 ** Nowy ap Gwriad ap Brochfael ap Rhodri ap Arthfael Hen ruled Gwent (c. 950–c. 970) while Glywysing was ruled jointly by brothers of Owain ap Morgan (dates unknown), probably under Morgan the Old * his son, Arthfael ap Nowy (about 970–983) * his cousin, Rhodri ap Elisedd (983–c. 1015) who ruled jointly with his brother, *

Gruffydd ap Elisedd Gruffudd or Gruffydd ( or , in either case) is a Welsh name, originating in Old Welsh as a given name and today used as both a given and surname. It is the origin of the Anglicised name '' Griffith[s]'', and was historically sometimes tre ...

(983–c. 1015) * his cousin (?)

Edwyn ap Gwriad Edwyn ap Gwriad was a Welsh king of Gwent from 1015 to 1045. He was imprisoned and blinded by his successor, Meurig ap Hywel, the son of Hywel ab Owain. The Anglo-Saxon name "Edwyn" along with Gwent's proximity to the English marches In med ...

(1015–1045) * Hywel ab Owain's son, Meurig ap Hywel (1045–1055) who ruled jointly with * his son,

(1045–1055) *

, invader and prince of Gwynedd (1055–1063) *

(1063–1074) who was also King of Morgannwg, ruling Glywysing through * Gruffydd ap Rhydderch's son,

(1075–1081) who seized Gwent and the Kingdom of Morgannwg * Iestyn ap Gwrgan(t) (1081–1091) Iestyn was the last ruler of an independent Morgannwg, which was thereafter in the possession of the

and became the lordship of Glamorgan * Owain ap Caradog (1081-1113/1116)

Powys

Kings of Powys

= House of Gwertherion

= * Gwrtheyrn (

High-King was a Japanese girl group associated with Hello! Project. The group was created to promote Morning Musume's production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's ''Cinderella'', titled . Their sound is said to have an R&B feel. History The group's debut ...

Vortigern), married to Sevira, daughter of

* Cadeyern Fendigaid (c. 430–447), reputed to be the eldest son of Gwrtheyrn, blessed by Saint Germanus *

Cadell Ddyrnllwg Cadell Ddyrnllwg (Welsh for "Cadell of the Gleaming Hilt"; born c. AD 430) was a mid-5th century King of Powys. Cadell appears to have been driven out of his father Cadeyrn's kingdom by Irish pirates during the chaos of the Saxon insurrection i ...

(c. 447–460) *

Rhyddfedd Frych Rhyddfedd Frych (435? -?), sometimes called Rhyddfedd ap Categern was, according to the genealogical lists, a late 5th century Welsh ruler. The name of his father, Categern, has led some scholars to identify him as the son of Cadeyern Fendigaid ...

(c. 480) * Cyngen Glodrydd (c. 500) * Pasgen ap Cyngen (c. 530) * Morgan ap Pasgen (c. 540) *

Brochwel Ysgithrog Brochwel son of Cyngen ( cy, Brochwel ap Cyngen, died c. 560), better known as Brochwel Ysgrithrog, was a king of Powys in eastern Wales. The unusual epithet ''Ysgithrog'' has been translated as "of the canine teeth", "the fanged" or "of the tusk" ...

(c. 550) *

Cynan Garwyn Cynan Garwyn was king of Powys in the north-east and east of Wales, who flourished in the second half of the 6th century. Little reliable information exists which can be used to reconstruct the background and career of the historical figure. Availa ...

(?–610) *

Selyf ap Cynan Selyf ap Cynan or Selyf Sarffgadau (died 616) appears in Old Welsh genealogies as an early 7th-century King of Powys, the son of Cynan Garwyn. His name is a Welsh form of Solomon, appearing in the oldest genealogies as Selim. He reputedly bore ...

(610–613) *

Manwgan ap Selyf Manwgan ap Selyf was an early 7th-century King of Powys, the son of Selyf Sarffgadau. One theory asserts that when Manwgan ap Selyf came to the throne in 613 he was a young boy, which led to an invasion of Powys by Eluadd ap Glast (alias Eiludd P ...

(613) *

Eiludd Powys Eiludd Powys was an early 7th-century King of Powys. He was likely the son or younger brother of Selyf "Sarffgadau" ap Cynan Garwyn. It is not known which he is as there are two accounts one in Jesus College Ms. 20 that makes him the son of Sel ...

(613–?) * Beli ap Eiludd (c. 655) * Gwylog ap Beli (695?–725) * Elisedd ap Gwylog (725–755?) * Brochfael ap Elisedd (755?–773) *

Cadell ap Brochfael Cadell ap Brochfael ( en, Cadell, son of Brochfael; died c. 808), also known as Cadell Powys, was an 8th- and 9th-century king of Powys. He was the son of Brochfael ap Elisedd, whom he succeeded to the throne c. 773. The '' Annals of Wales'' m ...

(773–808) *

Cyngen ap Cadell Cyngen ap Cadell (English: Cyngen son of Cadell) or also (Concenn), was King of Powys from 808 until his death in 854 during a pilgrimage to Rome. Biography Cyngen was of the line of Brochwel Ysgithrog, and, after a long reign as king of Powys, h ...

(808–854) - throne usurped by Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd and exiled to Rome where the family endured

= House of Manaw

= *

Rhodri Mawr Rhodri ap Merfyn ( 820 – 873/877/878), popularly known as Rhodri the Great ( cy, Rhodri Mawr), succeeded his father, Merfyn Frych, as King of Gwynedd in 844. Rhodri annexed Powys c. 856 and Seisyllwg c. 871. He is called "King of the Britons" ...

(854–878) of Gwynedd, allegedly inheriting through his mother Nest, according to some manuscripts. Other manuscripts (eg. Mostyn manuscript 117) have his mother as Essyllt ferch Cynan (thought to be the daughter of

Cynan Dindaethwy __NOTOC__ Cynan Dindaethwy ( en, "Cynan of Dindaethwy") or Cynan ap Rhodri ("Cynan son of Rhodri") was a king of Gwynedd (reigned c. 798 – c. 816) in Wales in the Early Middle Ages. Cynan was the son of Rhodri Molwynog and ...

of Gwynedd). *

Merfyn ap Rhodri Merfyn ap Rhodri (died ) was a late 9th-century Aberffraw prince of Gwynedd. He is sometimes credited with ruling Powys after the death of his father Rhodri the Great in AD 878. In the accounts where he is credited as a king, he is reported to ...

(878–900) (house of Aberffraw) * Llywelyn ap Merfyn (900–942) (house of Aberffraw) *

(942–950) (house of Dinefwr usurped from the Aberffraw line of Manaw) * Owain ap Hywel (950–986) (

dynasty,

cadet branch In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch's or patriarch's younger sons ( cadets). In the ruling dynasties and noble families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets— realm, tit ...

of the

House of Dinefwr The Royal House of Dinefwr was a cadet branch of the Royal House of Gwynedd, founded by King Cadell ap Rhodri (reign 872–909), son of Rhodri the Great. Their ancestor, Cunedda Wledig, born in late Roman Britain, was a Sub-Roman warlord who f ...

) *

Maredudd ap Owain Maredudd ab Owain (died ) was a 10th-century king in Wales of the High Middle Ages. A member of the House of Dinefwr, his patrimony was the kingdom of Deheubarth comprising the southern realms of Dyfed, Ceredigion, and Brycheiniog. Upon the d ...

(986–999) *

(999–1023), husband of Angharad, daughter of Maredudd ab Owain * Rhydderch ap Iestyn (1023–1033) * Iago ap Idwal (1033–1039) *

, invader and prince of Gwynedd (1039–1063)

Mathrafal Princes of Powys

(1063–1075) * Iorwerth ap Bleddyn (1075–1103 (part)) *

Cadwgan ap Bleddyn Cadwgan ap Bleddyn (1051–1111) was a prince of the Kingdom of Powys ( cy, Teyrnas Powys) in north eastern Wales. Cadwgan (possibly born 1060) was the second son of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn who was king of both Kingdom of Powys and Gwynedd. The Anglo ...

(1075–1111 (part)) *

Owain ap Cadwgan Owain ap Cadwgan (died 1116) was a prince of Powys in eastern Wales. He is best known for his abduction of Nest, wife of Gerald of Windsor. Owain was the eldest son of Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, prince of part of Powys. He is first recorded in 1106, when ...

(1111–1116 (part)) * Maredudd ap Bleddyn (1116–1132) *

Madog ap Maredudd Madog ap Maredudd ( wlm, Madawg mab Maredud, ; died 1160) was the last prince of the entire Kingdom of Powys, Wales and for a time held the Fitzalan Lordship of Oswestry. Madog was the son of King Maredudd ap Bleddyn and grandson of King Bledd ...

(1132–1160) From 1160 Powys was split into two parts. The southern part was later called

Powys Wenwynwyn Powys Wenwynwyn or Powys Cyfeiliog was a Welsh kingdom which existed during the high Middle Ages. The realm was the southern portion of the former princely state of Powys which split following the death of Madog ap Maredudd of Powys in 1160: the ...

after Gwenwynwyn ab Owain "Cyfeiliog" ap Madog, while the northern part was called

Powys Fadog Powys Fadog (English: ''Lower Powys'' or ''Madog's Powys'') was the northern portion of the former princely realm of Powys, which split in two following the death of Madog ap Maredudd in 1160. The realm was divided under Welsh law, with Madog's ...

after Madog ap Gruffydd "Maelor" ap Madog.

Notes

References

Lives of the Cambro British saints

William Jenkins Rees William Jenkins Rees (10 January 1772 – 18 January 1855) was a Welsh cleric and antiquary.Dictionary of ...

, Thomas Wakeman, 1835
A history of Wales from the earliest times
John Edward Lloyd, 1911
The Cambrian, A Bi-Monthly Published in the interest of the Welsh people and their descendantsin the United States, 1881, Vol. 1, 1881Biography from the Dictionary of Welsh Biography
*The Welsh Academy

Encyclopaedia of Wales The ''Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales'', published in January 2008, is a single-volume-publication encyclopaedia about Wales. The Welsh-language edition, entitled ''Gwyddoniadur Cymru'' is regarded as the most ambitious encyclopaedic work ...

, University of Wales Press, 2008, {{ISBN, 978-0-7083-1953-6 List

Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in ...

Rulers A ruler, sometimes called a rule, line gauge, or scale, is a device used in geometry and technical drawing, as well as the engineering and construction industries, to measure distances or draw straight lines. Variants Rulers have long ...

Title of "King of Wales"

Before Welsh Kings

List of titleholders of "King of Wales"

Native title of "Prince of Wales"

Evolution from King to Prince

End of native Welsh Princes

Regional Kingdoms of Wales

Deheubarth

Ceredigion

Dyfed

Seisyllwg

Deheubarth

Gwynedd

Kings of Gwynedd

Morgannwg

Glywysing

Gwent

= in Caer-Went

= in Caer-Leon

Powys

Kings of Powys

= House of Gwertherion

= House of Manaw

Mathrafal Princes of Powys

See also

Notes

References