This is a list of investigational attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs, or

drug A drug is any chemical substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed. Drugs are typically distinguished from food and substances that provide nutritional support. Consumption of drugs can be via insuffla ...

s that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by excessive amounts of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inap ...

(ADHD) but are not yet approved. ''Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.''

Under development

Preregistration

* TRN-110 xtended-release- undefined mechanism / extended-release form of an undisclosed dru

Phase 3 clinical trials

Centanafadine Centanafadine (INN) (former developmental code name EB-1020) is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI) that began its development with Euthymics Bioscience after they acquired DOV Pharmaceutical. It was developed as a ...

ustained-release(centanafadine SR, CTN-SR, EB-1020, EB-1020 SR) - serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

*

Molindone Molindone, sold under the brand name Moban, is an antipsychotic which is used in the United States in the treatment of schizophrenia. It works by blocking the effects of dopamine in the brain, leading to diminished symptoms of psychosis. It is r ...

xtended-release(AFX-2201, EN-1733A, molindone XR, SPN-810, SPN-810M, Zalvari) - antipsychotic / dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist and serotonin receptor modulator (e.g., serotonin 5-HT_2B and 5-HT_2A receptor antagonist) - specifically under development for impulsive aggression in ADH

ref name="pmid32338106"> * Serdexmethylphenidate (KP-484) - dexmethylphenidate prodrug / norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

Phase 2/3 clinical trials

* Edivoxetine (LY-2216684) - norepinephrine reuptake inhibito

Phase 2 clinical trials

CX-717 CX717 is an ampakine compound created by Christopher Marrs and Gary Rogers in 1996 at Cortex Pharmaceuticals. It affects the neurotransmitter glutamate, with trials showing the drug improves cognitive functioning and memory. Approval process I ...

- ampakine / AMPA receptor modulato

*

Mazindol Mazindol (brand names Mazanor, Sanorex) is a stimulant drug which is used as an appetite suppressant. It was developed by Sandoz Laboratories, Sandoz-Wander in the 1960s. Medical uses Mazindol is used in short-term (i.e., a few weeks) treatment ...

ontrolled release(NLS-0, NLS-1, NLS-10, NLS-13, NLS-2, Nolazol, Quilience) - serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

* PDC-1421 (BLI-1005) - norepinephrine reuptake inhibito

Phase 1/2 clinical trials

Dexmethylphenidate Dexmethylphenidate, sold under the brand name Focalin among others, is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in those over the age of five years. If no benefit i ...

ontrolled release(CTX-1301) - norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

Phase 1 clinical trials

* AFX-2401 - "neurotransmitter modulator

*

Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, sold under the brand name Strattera, among others, is a medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It may be used alone or along with psychostimulants. It is also used as a cognitive enhancer to impro ...

ral solution(TAH-9922) - norepinephrine reuptake inhibito

* Brilaroxazine (RP-5000, RP-5063) - atypical antipsychotic / dopamine receptor partial agonist and serotonin receptor modulato

*

Dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and an amphetamine enantiomer that is prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also used as an athletic performance and ...

buse-deterrent immediate-release(ADAIR) - norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agen

*

Phacetoperane Levophacetoperane (Lidépran, Phacétoperane) is a psychostimulant developed by Rhône-Poulenc in the 1950s. The drug has been used as an antidepressant and anorectic. It is the reverse ester of methylphenidate. See also * Dexmethylphenidate ...

(NLS-3) - methylphenidate analogue / central nervous system stimulant / norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (?

Preclinical/research

ral suspension- norepinephrine reuptake inhibito

*

ontrolled release(CTX-1302) - norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agen

*

Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta among others, is the most widely prescribed central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, ...

xtended-release/abuse-resistant(COL-171) - norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

* Methylphenidate/naltrexone (AVK-001) - norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor and opioid receptor antagonis

* NLS-8 - undefined mechanis

* NNI-351 - DYRK1A inhibitor and "neurogenesis enhancer

* Methylphenidate, SHX-009 ransdermal system- norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

No development reported

* AFI-002 - undefined mechanis

*

Altropane Altropane (O-587, IACFT, 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)-''N''-((E)-3-iodo-prop-2-enyl)tropane) is a phenyltropane derivative which acts as a potent dopamine reuptake inhibitor and long-acting stimulant drug. It has mainly been used as the ...

(123-I Altropane®, 23IE-IACFT Injection, 23IAV5001, CFT, Iodine-123-E-IACFT Injection, NAV-5001, O-587) - dopamine reuptake inhibitor / single-photon emission-computed tomography enhance

*

Amphetamine Amphetamine (contracted from alpha- methylphenethylamine) is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. It is also commonly used ...

ral abuse-deterrent immediate-release(ADAIR) - norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agen

* Bavisant (BEN-2001, JNJ-1074, JNJ-31001074) - histamine H₃ receptor antagonis

* BCWP-E003 - undefined mechanis

* BLI-1008 - undefined mechanis

* Cannabidiol/gabapentin (Cannbleph) - cannabinoid receptor modulator and gabapentinoi

* Ciforadenant (CPI-444, V-81444) - adenosine A_2A receptor antagonis

* CM-4612 (CM-ADHD, CM-AT, CM-PK) - gastrointestinal/pancreatic enzyme replacement therap

* CRD-102 - undefined mechanis

* Dasotraline (DSP-225289, SEP-225289, SEP-0225289, SEP-225289-HCI, SEP-289) - serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

*

buse-resistant(PF-08, PFR 08001, PFR08026) – norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agen

*

Dextroamphetamine sulfate Dextroamphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and an amphetamine enantiomer that is prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also used as an athletic performance and c ...

odified release capsules(HLD-900, HLD-100) - norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agen

*

Dopamine Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic compound, organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine const ...

ntranasal(DopaMat, MPP-18) - dopamine receptor agonis

*

Eltoprazine Eltoprazine (developmental code name DU-28,853) is a serotonergic drug of the phenylpiperazine class which is described as a serenic or antiaggressive agent. It acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT1A, 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B, 5-HT1B receptors and a ...

(DU-28853) - serotonin 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_1B receptor agonis

* Fasoracetam o-crystallised(AEVI-004, NFC-1) - racetam / metabotropic glutamate receptor modulato

*

GTS-21 GTS-21 (DMXBA) is a derivative of the natural product anabaseine that acts as a partial agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It binds to both the α4β2 and α7 subtypes, but activates only the α7 to any significant extent. ...

(DMXB-A, DMXB-A sustained release, DMXB-A-SR) - α₇ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonis

*

Guanfacine Guanfacine, sold under the brand name Tenex among others, is an oral medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high blood pressure. Guanfacine is FDA-approved for monotherapy treatment of ADHD as well as being ...

nce-daily(Guanfacine Carrier Wave, SPD-547) - α₂-adrenergic receptor agonis

* IPX-233 (IPX233 ER C0003, IPX233-C0001, IPX233-C0002, IPX233-T0001, IPX233-T0002) - central nervous system stimulan

* Masupirdine (M1, M1 of SUVN-502, SUVN-502, SVN-502) - serotonin 5-HT₆ receptor antagonis

*

ast dissolve tablet amyang Holdings Biopharmaceuticals- norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

* Nic-12 - undefined mechanis

* NLS-2 - antianaemic / heavy metal / iron replacemen

* PD-3044 - dopamine reuptake inhibito

*

Pitolisant Pitolisant, sold under the brand name Wakix among others, is a medication for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy. It is a histamine 3 (H3) receptor antagonist/inverse agonist. It represents the first commercia ...

(tiprolisant; BF-2.649, BF-2649, Ozawade, Wakix) - histamine H₃ receptor antagonis

* R-Sibutramine metabolite ((+)-desmethylsibutramine, (+)-didesmethylsibutramine, R-DDMS, R-desmethylsibutramine, R-didesmethylsibutramine) - serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

*

Selegiline Selegiline, also known as L-deprenyl and sold under the brand names Eldepryl and Emsam among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and major depressive disorder. It is provided in the form of a capsule or ...

ransdermal(Emsam) - monoamine oxidase B inhibito

* SKL-13865 (SKL-ADHD) - norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

* Sofinicline (A-422894.0, ABT-894) - α₄β₂ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulato

* SPN-811 - undefined mechanis

* Taminadenant (NIR-178, PBF-509) - adenosine A_2A receptor antagonis

Research programmes

* Ampakines / AMPA receptor modulators espireRx(CX-516, CX-614, CX-707, CX-929, CX-1501, CX-1763, CX-1796, CX-1837, CX-1846, CX-1942, CX-2007, CX-2076

* Cannabis extracts annabis Science(CBIS GAP-001, CBIS LC-001, CBIS OBLD-001, CBIS OCD-001, CBIS PC-001, CBIS PPC-001, CBIS PS-001, CBIS SD-001, CBIS SSA-001, CBIS-OS-001, CBIS-PTSD-001, CS NEURO 1, CS-S/BCC-1, CS-TATI-1) - cannabinoid receptor modulator

* Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors / adrenergic receptor antagonists fizer(NRI-022, NRI-193, WAY-253203, WAY-256805, WAY-260022, WAY-315193, WAY-318068

*

Pim2 PIM2 is a scoring system for rating the severity of medical illness for children, one of several ICU scoring systems. Its name stands for "Paediatric Index of Mortality". It has been designed to provide a predicted mortality for a patient by fol ...

/ PolyPhetamine TL Pharma

* Subtype-selective glutamate NMDA receptor modulators / glutamate NR2B receptor modulators ovartis

Not under development

Development discontinued

ABT-418 ABT-418 is a drug developed by Abbott, that has nootropic, neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects, and has been researched for treatment of both Alzheimer's disease and ADHD. It acts as an agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, su ...

- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonis

*

ransdermal patch oven/Takeda- norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agen

* Ampreloxetine (TD-9855) - norepinephrine reuptake inhibito

* AR-08 - adrenergic receptor agonis

*

Aripiprazole Aripiprazole, sold under the brand names Abilify and Aristada among others, is an atypical antipsychotic. It is primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Other uses include as an add-on treatment in major depressiv ...

(Abilify, Abilify Maintena, Abilify MyCite, Abilitat, Ao Pai, Aripiprazole depot, Aripiprazole ECER tablets, Arlemide; OPC-14597, OPC-14597 IMD, OPC-31) - atypical antipsychotic / dopamine receptor partial agonist and serotonin receptor modulato

* AZD-5213 - histamine H₃ receptor antagonis

*

Bifemelane Bifemelane (INN) (Alnert, Celeport), or bifemelane hydrochloride (JAN), also known as 4-(''O''-benzylphenoxy)-''N''-methylbutylamine, is an antidepressant and cerebral activator that is widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarction patient ...

(SON-216) - monoamine oxidase inhibitor and weak norepinephrine reuptake inhibito

* Bradanicline (ATA-101, TC-0569, TC-5619, TC-5619-238) - α₇ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonis

*

Brexpiprazole Brexpiprazole, sold under the brand name Rexulti among others, is an atypical antipsychotic. It is a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist and has been described as a "serotonin–dopamine activity modulator" (SDAM). The drug was approved by th ...

(Rexulti, Rxulti; Lu-AF41156, OPC-34712, OPDC-34712) - atypical antipsychotic / dopamine receptor partial agonist and serotonin receptor modulato

*

Buspirone Buspirone, sold under the brand name Buspar, among others, is a medication primarily used to treat anxiety disorders, particularly generalized anxiety disorder. Benefits support its short-term use. It is taken by mouth, and it may take up to fo ...

ransdermal(BuSpar Patch) - serotonin 5-HT_1A receptor partial agonist, other action

*

Cipralisant Cipralisant (GT-2331, tentative trade name Perceptin) is an extremely potent histamine H3 receptor ligand originally developed by Gliatech. Cipralisant was initially classified as a selective H3 antagonist, but newer research (2005) suggests al ...

(GT-2331; Perceptin) - histamine H₃ receptor antagonis

*

CX-516 CX-516 is an ampakine and nootropic that acts as an AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator and had been undergoing development by a collaboration between Cortex, Shire, and Servier. It was studied as a potential treatment for Alzheimer' ...

(1-BCP, AMPAlex, BDP-12, SPD-420) - ampakine / AMPA receptor modulato

*

CX-1739 CX717 is an ampakine compound created by Christopher Marrs and Gary Rogers in 1996 at Cortex Pharmaceuticals. It affects the neurotransmitter glutamate, with trials showing the drug improves cognitive functioning and memory. Approval process In ...

- ampakine / AMPA receptor modulato

*

Donepezil Donepezil, sold under the brand name Aricept among others, is a medication used to treat dementia of the Alzheimer's disease, Alzheimer's type. It appears to result in a small benefit in mental function and ability to function. Use, however, ha ...

(Aricept, Aricept D, Aricept Dry Syrup, Aricept Evess, Aricept ODT, Aricept SR, Donepezil SR, E-2020, E-2022, Eranz) - acetylcholinesterase inhibito

*

Droxidopa Droxidopa (INN; trade name Northera; also known as L-DOPS, L-''threo''-dihydroxyphenylserine, L-''threo''-DOPS and SM-5688) is a synthetic amino acid precursor which acts as a prodrug to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Unlik ...

(3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine, 3,4-threo-DOPS, L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine, L-threodops, Northera, threo-dopaserine, threo-DOPS) - prodrug of norepinephrine / adrenergic receptor agonis

* Fasoracetam (AEVI-001, LAM-105, MDGN-001, NFC-1, NS-105) - racetam / metabotropic glutamate receptor modulato

*

Ispronicline Ispronicline (TC-1734, AZD-3480) is an experimental drug which acts as a partial agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It progressed to phase II clinical trials for the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, but is no long ...

(AZD-3480, RJR-1734, TC 01734, TC-1734, TC-1734-112) - α₄β₂-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonis

* KP-106 (dextroamphetamine prodrug oral film) - norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agen

* Lauflumide (flmodafinil, bisfluoromodafinil; NLS-14, NLS-4) - weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, possibly other action

*

Manifaxine Manifaxine (developmental code name GW-320,659) is a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor developed by GlaxoSmithKline through structural modification of radafaxine, an isomer of hydroxybupropion and one of the active metabolites of bup ...

(BW-1555U88, GW-320659) - norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

*

Mecamylamine Mecamylamine (INN, BAN; or mecamylamine hydrochloride (USAN); brand names Inversine, Vecamyl) is a non-selective, non-competitive antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that was introduced in the 1950s as an antihypertensi ...

(Inversine, Tridmac) - nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonis

* MEM-68626 - 5-HT₆ receptor antagonis

* Metadoxine ustained/extended-release(pyridoxine-pyrrolidone carboxylate, pyridoxine pidolate; MDX, metadoxine SR, MG-01CI) - serotonin 5-HT_2B receptor antagonist, GABA modulator, other action

*

ransdermal patch(TAH-9901) - norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

* MK-0249 - histamine H₃ receptor antagonis

*

Modafinil Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used to treat sleepiness due to narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and obstructive sleep apnea. While it has seen off-label ...

(AFT-801, Alertec, Attenace, CN-801, CRL-40476, Modasamil, Modasonil, Modavigil, Modiodal, Provigil, Sparlon, Vigil) - weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, possibly other action

* Nicotine/opipramol (ND-0801; opipramol/nicotine) - tricyclic antidepressant / monoamine and sigma receptor modulator and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonis

*

NS-2359 NS-2359 (GSK-372,475) is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It was under development by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) as an antidepressant, but was discontinued in 2009 when phase II clinical trials showed the drug was not effectiv ...

(GSK-372475) - serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

* OPC-64005 - serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

*

ORG-26576 ORG-26576 is an ampakine originally developed by Cortex Pharmaceuticals and then licensed to Organon International for development. In animal studies it has been shown to effectively potentiate AMPA receptor function, leading to increased Brain-d ...

(ORG26576) - ampakine / AMPA receptor modulato

* PF-3654746 (PF-03654746) - histamine H₃ receptor antagonis

* Pirepemat (IRL-752) - "cortical enhancer" / serotonin 5-HT₇ receptor antagonist and α_2C-adrenergic receptor antagonist, other action

ref name="pmid32605972"> *

Pozanicline Pozanicline ( INN, codenamed ABT-089) is a drug developed by Abbott, that has nootropic and neuroprotective effects. Animal studies suggested it useful for the treatment of ADHD and subsequent human trials have shown ABT-089 to be effective for ...

(A-87089.0, ABT-089) - α₄β₂ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonis

* SEP-225432 - serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibito

* SGS-742 (CGP-36742, DVD-742, Lu-AE58479, SGS-742) - GABA_B receptor antagonis

* SPD-483 - undefined mechanis

* SPD-554 (Guanfacine Carrier Wave project) - α₂-adrenergic receptor agonis

* SPI-339 (NEO-339) - undefined mechanis

* TAK-137 - AMPA receptor potentiato

* TC-6683 (AZD 1446, TC-6683) - α₄β₂ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonis

*

Tipepidine Tipepidine (INN) (brand names Asverin, Antupex, Asvelik, Asvex, Bitiodin, Cofdenin A, Hustel, Nodal, Sotal), also known as tipepidine hibenzate (JAN), is a synthetic, non-opioid antitussive and expectorant of the thiambutene class. It acts as an ...

ustained-release(TS-141) - GIRK inhibito

*

Vortioxetine Vortioxetine, sold under the brand names Trintellix and Brintellix among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder. Effectiveness is viewed as similar to that of other antidepressants. It is taken by mouth. Common side e ...

(Brintellix, LU-AA21004, LuAA 21004, Trintellix) - antidepressant / serotonin reuptake inhibitor and serotonin receptor modulato

Research programmes

* Potassium channel modulators stellas Pharma/Icagen

Formal development never or not yet started

* Dopamine precursors ( L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, L-DOPA (levodopa))

Clinically used drugs

Approved drugs

Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents

(Adzenys ER, Adzenys XR-ODT, Dyanavel XR, Evekeo, Evekeo ODT

*

(Dexedrine, Zenzedi, Xelstrym

*

Fenethylline Fenethylline (British Approved Name, BAN, United States Adopted Name, USAN) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline and a prodrug to both. It is also spelled phenethylline and fenetylline (International Nonproprietary Name, INN); other nam ...

(Biocapton, Captagon, Fitton) - amphetamine and

theophylline Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a phosphodiesterase inhibiting drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma under a variety of brand names. As a member of the ...

prodrug - discontinued/no longer used *

Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine, sold under the brand name Vyvanse among others, is a stimulant medication that is mainly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in people over the age of five as well as moderate-to-severe binge eating ...

(Elvanse, Tyvense, Venvanse, Vyvanse) - dextroamphetamine prodru

*

Methamphetamine Methamphetamine (contracted from ) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity. Methamph ...

(dextromethamphetamine; Desoxyn, Methampex

*

Mixed amphetamine salts Adderall and Mydayis are trade names for a combination drug called mixed amphetamine salts containing four salts of amphetamine. The mixture is composed of equal parts racemic amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which produces a (3:1) ratio bet ...

(Adderall, Adderall IR, Adderall XR, Mydayis

*

Pemoline Pemoline, sold under the brand name Cylert among others, is a stimulant medication which has been used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It has been discontinued in most countries to due to rare b ...

(Betanamin, Ceractiv, Cylert, Tradon) - withdrawn/discontinued due to toxicit

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors

(Focalin, Focalin XR

*

(Adhansia XR, Aptensio XR, Benjorna, Biphentin, Concerta, Cotempla XR-ODT, Daytrana, Equasym, Foquest, Jornay PM, Metadate, Metadate CD, Metadate ER, Methydur, MethyPatch, Oradur, QuilliChew ER, Quillivant XR, Ritalin, Ritalin SR

* Serdexmethylphenidate/dexmethylphenidate (Azstarys

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

(tomoxetine; Strattera

*

Viloxazine Viloxazine, sold under the brand name Qelbree and formerly as Vivalan among others, is a noradrenergic medication which is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. It was marketed for almost ...

xtended-release(Qelbree

α₂-Adrenergic receptor agonists

Clonidine Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal ( alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and c ...

(Catapres, CloniBID, Clonicel, Jenloga XR, Kapvay

*

(Connexyn, Intuniv, Intuniv XR, Tenex

Off-label drugs

Bupropion Bupropion, sold under the brand names Wellbutrin and Zyban among others, is an atypical antidepressant primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and to support smoking cessation. It is also popular as an add-on medication in the case ...

(Wellbutrin) - norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist *

(Provigil) - weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor, possibly other actions *

Reboxetine Reboxetine, sold under the brand name Edronax among others, is a drug of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) class, marketed as an antidepressant by Pfizer for use in the treatment of major depression, although it has also been used off-l ...

(Edronax) - norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor *

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), social phobia, attention-deficit hyperactivity dis ...

s (e.g.,

venlafaxine Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant medication of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic di ...

(Effexor),

duloxetine Duloxetine, sold under the brand name Cymbalta among others, is a medication used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain and central sensitization. It is taken by mouth. It is a serotoni ...

(Cymbalta)) *

Tricyclic antidepressant Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants, which is important for the management of depression. They are second-line drugs next to SSRIs. TCAs were discovered in the early 1950s and wer ...

s (e.g.,

desipramine Desipramine, sold under the brand name Norpramin among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used in the treatment of depression. It acts as a relatively selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, though it does also have other activiti ...

(Norpramin) – norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)

References

External links

AdisInsight - Springer
{{ADHD pharmacotherapies Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs, investigational Experimental drugs

Under development

Preregistration

Phase 3 clinical trials

Phase 2/3 clinical trials

Phase 2 clinical trials

Phase 1/2 clinical trials

Phase 1 clinical trials

Preclinical/research

No development reported

Research programmes

Not under development

Development discontinued

Research programmes

Formal development never or not yet started

Clinically used drugs

Approved drugs

Norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

α2-Adrenergic receptor agonists

Off-label drugs

See also

References

Further reading

External links

α₂-Adrenergic receptor agonists