Since the premiere of the children's television program ''
Sesame Street
''Sesame Street'' is an American educational children's television series that combines live-action, sketch comedy, animation and puppetry. It is produced by Sesame Workshop (known as the Children's Television Workshop until June 2000) a ...
'' on November 10, 1969, it has included what writer
Malcolm Gladwell
Malcolm Timothy Gladwell (born 3 September 1963) is an English-born Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker. He has been a staff writer for ''The New Yorker'' since 1996. He has published seven books: '' The Tipping Point: How Little T ...
has called "the essence of ''Sesame Street''—the artful blend of fluffy monsters and earnest adults".
[Gladwell, p. 106] The original cast, chosen by original producer
Jon Stone
Jon Arthur Stone (April 13, 1931 – March 30, 1997) was an American writer, director and producer, who was best known for being an original crew member on The Muppets' ''Sesame Street'' and is credited with helping develop characters such a ...
, consisted of four
human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, ...
actors—
Matt Robinson, who played
Gordon
Gordon may refer to:
People
* Gordon (given name), a masculine given name, including list of persons and fictional characters
* Gordon (surname), the surname
* Gordon (slave), escaped to a Union Army camp during the U.S. Civil War
* Clan Gordon, ...
;
Loretta Long
Loretta Mae Long ( Moore; born October 4, 1938) is an American actress. She played the character of Susan Robinson on ''Sesame Street'' from 1969 to 2017. Long is also a consultant and public speaker on issues of multiculturalism and education. ...
, who played Gordon's wife, Susan;
Will Lee
William Lee (born William Lubovsky; August 6, 1908 – December 7, 1982) was an American actor who appeared in numerous television and film roles, but was best known for playing Mr. Hooper, the original store proprietor of the eponymous Hooper' ...
, who played
Mr. Hooper
Mr. Harold Hooper (played by Will Lee) was one of the first four human characters to appear on the television series ''Sesame Street''. Created by producer and writer Jon Stone, Mr. Hooper is the original proprietor of Hooper's Store, the neighbo ...
; and
Bob McGrath
Robert Emmett McGrath (June 13, 1932 – December 4, 2022) was an American actor, musician, and children's author best known for playing original human character and music teacher Bob Johnson on the long-running educational television series ' ...
, who played Bob. Unlike most children's television programs at the time, the producers of ''Sesame Street'' decided against using a single host and cast a group of ethnically diverse, primarily African American actors/presenters, with, as ''Sesame Street'' researcher
Gerald S. Lesser
Gerald Samuel Lesser (August 22, 1926 – September 23, 2010) was an American psychologist who served on the faculty of Harvard University from 1963 until his retirement in 1998. Lesser was one of the chief advisers to the Children's Television ...
put it, "a variety of distinctive and reliable personalities".
Stone did not audition actors until spring 1969, a few weeks before five shows, designed to test the show's appeal to children and to examine their comprehension of the material, were due to be filmed. Stone videotaped the auditions, and researcher Ed Palmer took them out into the field to test children's reactions. The actors who received the "most enthusiastic thumbs up" were cast.
[Borgenicht, p. 15] For example, when the children saw Long's audition, they stood up and sang along with her rendition of "
I'm a Little Teapot
"I'm a Little Teapot" is an American novelty song describing the heating and pouring of a teapot or a whistling tea kettle. The song was originally written by George Harold Sanders and Clarence Z. Kelley and published in 1939. By 1941, a ''Newswe ...
".
As Stone said, casting was the only aspect of the show that was "just completely haphazard".
[Davis, p. 167] Most of the cast and crew found jobs on ''Sesame Street'' through personal relationships with Stone and the other producers.
The results of the test shows, which were never intended for broadcast and shown to preschoolers in 60 homes throughout Philadelphia and in day care centers in New York City in July 1969,
were "generally very positive".
The researchers found that children learned from the shows, that the show's appeal was high, and that children's attention was sustained over the full hour.
However, they found that, although children's attention was high during the Muppet segments, their interest wavered when there were only humans on screen. The producers had followed the advice of child psychologists who were concerned that children would be confused, and had recommended that human actors and Muppets not be shown together. As a result of this decision, the appeal of the test episodes was lower than they would have liked,
so the show's producers knew they needed to make significant changes, including defying the recommendations of their advisers and show the human and Muppet characters together. Lesser called this decision "a turning point in the history of ''Sesame Street''".
Muppet creator
Jim Henson
James Maury Henson (September 24, 1936 – May 16, 1990) was an American puppeteer, animator, cartoonist, actor, inventor, and filmmaker who achieved worldwide notice as the creator of The Muppets and '' Fraggle Rock'' (1983–1987) and ...
and his coworkers created
Muppets for ''Sesame Street'' that could interact with the human actors, and many segments were re-shot.
The human cast currently consists of Alan, Chris, Nina and the newest resident, Charlie. Though no longer part of the show, longtime cast members Bob, Gordon, Luis, Gina, Susan and Maria have still made special appearances on occasion, in online videos, TV specials and at live appearances. In 2019, retired characters from the series such as Linda, Miles and Leela returned for the TV special ''
Sesame Street's 50th Anniversary Celebration
''Sesame Street's 50th Anniversary Celebration'' is a 2019 musical television special to celebrate the 50th anniversary of ''Sesame Street''. Hosted by Joseph Gordon-Levitt, the special aired on November 9, 2019 on HBO, followed by a November 1 ...
''.
Characters
Children
*Christopher Aguilar
*
Lynsey Bartilson
Lynsey Marie Bartilson (born July 1, 1983) is an American actress, dancer, and singer. She is best known for playing Lily Finnerty on the Fox/ WB sitcom ''Grounded for Life'', and voicing Tuesday X for the Nickelodeon TV series, '' The X's''.
...
*Matthew Bartilson
*Adam Beech
*Asa Karsten Bernstine
*Christian Buenaventura
*Brittany Burton
*Tiffany Burton
*Gus Carr
*Kari Floberg
*Enjoli Flynn
*
Galen Hooks
Galen Hooks is an American dancer, choreographer, creative director, producer, singer/songwriter and actress.
Work
Hooks is an MTV VMA-nominated choreographer and dancer who has worked with over 60 artists, such as Janet Jackson, Justin Bieber, ...
*Lauren Jackson
*Kamran Kamjou
*
Danielle Keaton
Danielle Jasmin Wiener (born July 30, 1986) is an American actress from Los Angeles, California. She is the sister of singer Sabrina Wiener Keaton (who appeared in the 1993 Kidsongs
''Kidsongs'' is an American children's media franchise that ...
*Brady Kimball
*Cory Kotas
*Michael Minden
*Michelle Montoya
*Hassan Nicholas
*Briahnna Odom
*Evan Paley
*Mimi Paley
*Sara Perks
*Alexandra Picatto
*Katie Polk
*Others
See also
*
List of ''Sesame Street'' Muppets
*
List of animated ''Sesame Street'' characters
Citations
General and cited references
* Borgenicht, David (1998). ''Sesame Street Unpaved''. New York: Hyperion Publishing.
* Davis, Michael (2008). ''Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street''. New York: Viking Penguin.
* Gikow, Louise A. (2009). ''Sesame Street: A Celebration—Forty Years of Life on the Street''. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. .
* Gladwell, Malcolm (2000). ''The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference''. New York: Little, Brown, and Company.
* Lesser, Gerald S. (1974). ''Children and Television: Lessons From Sesame Street''. New York: Vintage Books.
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