The following

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is provided as an overview of and topical guide to health:

Health Health, according to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity".World Health Organization. (2006)''Constitution of the World Health Organiza ...

– functional and metabolic efficiency of an

organism In biology, an organism () is any living system that functions as an individual entity. All organisms are composed of cells (cell theory). Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and ...

. It is the ability to live long, function well (physically and mentally), and prosper.

Essence of personal health

Homeostasis In biology, homeostasis (British English, British also homoeostasis) Help:IPA/English, (/hɒmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/) is the state of steady internal, physics, physical, and chemistry, chemical conditions maintained by organism, living systems. Thi ...

– property of a system in which variables are regulated so that internal conditions remain stable and relatively constant. Examples of homeostasis include the regulation of temperature and the balance between acidity and alkalinity (pH). *

Immunity Immunity may refer to: Medicine * Immunity (medical), resistance of an organism to infection or disease * ''Immunity'' (journal), a scientific journal published by Cell Press Biology * Immune system Engineering * Radiofrequence immunity desc ...

Life Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from that which does not, and is defined by the capacity for growth, reaction to stimuli, metabolism, energ ...

– characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes (such as signaling and self-sustaining processes) from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased (death), or because they lack such functions and are classified as inanimate. *

Mental health Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior. It likewise determines how an individual handles stress, interpersonal relationships, and decision-making. Mental health ...

Physical fitness Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of Outline of sports, sports, occupations and daily activities. Physical fitness is generally achieved through proper nutrition, moderate ...

* Survivability of the individual * Wellness

Reproductive health

Reproductive health *

Reproductive rights Reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world. The World Health Organization defines reproductive rights as follows: Reproductive rights rest on t ...

* Men's health * Women's health **

Vulvovaginal health In mammals, the vagina is the elastic, muscular part of the female genital tract. In humans, it extends from the vestibule to the cervix. The outer vaginal opening is normally partly covered by a thin layer of mucosal tissue called the hyme ...

** Maternal health **

Breastfeeding Breastfeeding, or nursing, is the process by which human breast milk is fed to a child. Breast milk may be from the breast, or may be expressed by hand or pumped and fed to the infant. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that br ...

Family planning Family planning is the consideration of the number of children a person wishes to have, including the choice to have no children, and the age at which they wish to have them. Things that may play a role on family planning decisions include marita ...

Fertility Fertility is the capability to produce offspring through reproduction following the onset of sexual maturity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born by a female during her lifetime and is quantified demographically. Fertili ...

Infertility Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy adult, except notably among certain eusocial species (mostly haplodiploid insects). It is the normal state ...

Birth control Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth contr ...

Sex education Sex education, also known as sexual education, sexuality education or sex ed, is the instruction of issues relating to human sexuality, including emotional relations and responsibilities, human sexual anatomy, Human sexual activity, sexual acti ...

* Safer sex * Disorders **

Sexually transmitted disease Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and the older term venereal diseases, are infections that are spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, and oral ...

** Sexual dysfunction * Reproductive medicine ** Andrology **

Gynaecology Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) is the area of medicine that involves the treatment of women's diseases, especially those of the reproductive organs. It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, forming the combined are ...

** Obstetrics and gynaecology

Poor health

Illness *

Disability Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. Disabilities may be Cognitive disability, cognitive, Developmental disability, dev ...

Disease A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that a ...

Injury An injury is any physiological damage to living tissue caused by immediate physical stress. An injury can occur intentionally or unintentionally and may be caused by blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, burning, toxic exposure, asphyxiation, o ...

Muscle weakness Muscle weakness is a lack of muscle strength. Its causes are many and can be divided into conditions that have either true or perceived muscle weakness. True muscle weakness is a primary symptom of a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, includi ...

Mental disorder A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitti ...

* Susceptibility to the above

Absence of health

Death Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain ...

– termination of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.

Health maintenance

Personal health maintenance

Self-care Self-care has been defined as the process of establishing behaviors to ensure holistic well-being of oneself, to promote health, and to actively management of illness when it occurs. Individuals engage in some form of self-care daily with food ...

Exercise Exercise is a body activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It is performed for various reasons, to aid growth and improve strength, develop muscles and the cardiovascular system, hone athletic ...

* General Fitness Training * *

Healthy diet A healthy diet is a diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fibre and food energy. A healthy ...

* Hygiene *

Life extension Life extension is the concept of extending the human life expectancy, lifespan, either modestly through improvements in medicine or dramatically by increasing the maximum lifespan beyond its generally-settled oldest people, limit of 125 years. S ...

* Self-medication * Nootropics *

Nutrient A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce. The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi, and protists. Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excret ...

s *

Nutrition Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It provides organisms with nutrients, which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures. Failure to obtain sufficient n ...

Positive mental attitude Positive mental attitude (PMA) is a concept first introduced in 1937 by Napoleon Hill in the book ''Think and Grow Rich''. The book never actually uses the term, but discusses about the importance of positive thinking as a contributing factor of s ...

Sleep hygiene Sleep hygiene is a behavioral and environmental practice developed in the late 1970s as a method to help people with mild to moderate insomnia. Clinicians assess the sleep hygiene of people with insomnia and other conditions, such as depression, ...

Stress management Stress management is a wide spectrum of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person's level of stress, especially chronic stress, usually for the purpose of and for the motive of improving everyday functioning. Stress produces num ...

* Smoking cessation (Quitting smoking) *

Vitamin A vitamin is an organic molecule (or a set of molecules closely related chemically, i.e. vitamers) that is an Nutrient#Essential nutrients, essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its ...

s *

Weight loss Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other conn ...

Health maintenance of the masses

Health care Health care or healthcare is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health profe ...

Health care industry

Health care industry The healthcare industry (also called the medical industry or health economy) is an aggregation and integration of sectors within the economic system that provides goods and services to treat patients with curative, preventive, rehabilitative, a ...

Public health

Public health Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the det ...

* Health observatory *

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of h ...

* :Health ministries * Global health

Health science

Health science The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to health sciences: Health sciences are those sciences which focus on health, or health care, as core parts of their subject matter. Health sciences relate to multiple acad ...

10/90 gap The 10/90 gap is the term adopted by the Global Forum for Health Research to highlight the finding by the Commission on Health Research for Development in 1990, that less than 10% of worldwide resources devoted to health research were put towards he ...

Medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pract ...

Sleep Sleep is a sedentary state of mind and body. It is characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, reduced muscle activity and reduced interactions with surroundings. It is distinguished from wakefulness by a de ...

* Stress

History of health

* Establishment of the World Health Organization * History of the health care industry *

History of medicine The history of medicine is both a study of medicine throughout history as well as a multidisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and understand medical practices, both past and present, throughout human societies. More than just histo ...

History of public health Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the det ...

* Life expectancy over human history * History of HIV * History of pharmaceutical industry * History of health care reform *

History of cancer The history of cancer describes the development of the field of oncology and its role in the history of medicine. Early diagnosis The earliest known descriptions of cancer appear in several papyri from Ancient Egypt. The Edwin Smith Papyrus was ...

* History of environmental health * History of genetics *

History of toxicology Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating ex ...

* History of occupational health * History of anthrax * History of drug resistance * History of antiretroviral therapy * History of avian influenza *

History of cholera Seven cholera pandemics have occurred in the past 200 years, with the first pandemic originating in India in 1817. The seventh cholera pandemic is officially a current pandemic and has been ongoing since 1961, according to a World Health Organizat ...

Health education

Medical education

Nursing school Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health ca ...

Medical school A medical school is a tertiary educational institution, or part of such an institution, that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians. Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, M ...

List of medical schools Medical schools are developed, monitored and credentialed by national organizations in each country. The agency responsible for this recognition in most countries is the Ministry of Health. Medical schools that are recognized by the appropriate a ...

* School of public health * Dental school * Pharmacy school

Health professionals

* List of clinical psychologists *

List of dentists This is a list of dentists who have gained a degree of notability, particularly with regard to the history of those in the field. Real-life dentists A * Sam Aanestad – former Californian politician *Harold Albrecht – Conservative Party of ...

List of dermatologists This is a list of dermatologists who have made notable contributions to the field of dermatology. Dermatologists in popular culture * Dr. Sandra Lee, presenter of the TLC TV series '' Dr. Pimple Popper'' Fictional dermatologists * Dr. Archibal ...

List of fictional medical examiners This list consists of fictional medical examiners from various works of literature, films, video game, and television series, in order of their show/book debut. External links {{Fictional professional navbox Medical examiners The medical e ...

List of immunologists This is a ''list of notable immunologists.'' Pioneers *Edward Jenner (1749-1823), discovered that cowpox induces protection against smallpox * Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), his experiments confirmed the germ theory of disease, he also created the fi ...

List of members of the National Academy of Sciences (Medical genetics, hematology, and oncology) Medical genetics, hematology, and oncology

{{List of members of the National Academy of Sciences/refcats ...

List of members of the National Academy of Sciences (Medical physiology and metabolism) Medical physiology and metabolism

{{List of members of the National Academy of Sciences/refcats ...

* List of members of the National Academy of Sciences (Physiology and pharmacology) * List of members of the National Academy of Sciences (Psychology) *

List of neurologists This is a list of neurologists and neurosurgeons, with their year of birth and death and nationality. This list compiles the names of neurologists and neurosurgeons with a corresponding Wikipedia biographical article, and is not necessarily a refle ...

* List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine *

List of nurses This is a list of famous nurses in history. To be listed here, the nurse must already have a Wiki biography article. For background information see History of nursing and Timeline of nursing history. For nurses in art, film and literature see l ...

* List of pathologists * List of people in alternative medicine *

List of pharmacists This is a list of notable pharmacists, sorted by particular fields in which they distinguished themselves: Pharmacy practice *Dora Akunyili (1954-2010), Director General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control of Nigeria ...

List of physicians This is a list of famous physicians in history. Chronological lists Ancient physicians 30th century BCE to 4th century CE * List of ancient physicians Post-classical physicians 5th century CE to 15th century CE * List of post-classical ph ...

List of psychiatrists This list is of notable psychiatrists. Additional lists of psychiatrists can be found at the articles List of figures in psychiatry (though not all individuals at that list are psychiatrists and medical doctors), List of fictional psychiatrists, F ...

* List of psychologists **

List of psychologists on postage stamps The following is a list of psychologists and contributors to the field of psychology who have been commemorated on worldwide postage stamps. It is adapted from two philatelic listings published by psychologists Dr. Gary Brucato and Dr. John D. H ...

Medical schools and colleges

General

List of optometry schools The following list of optometry schools covers many countries, although the list is not exhaustive. Internationally, optometry as a profession includes different levels of education. The institutions listed below provide academic and professional e ...

* List of osteopathic colleges *

List of pharmacy schools This article is a list of pharmacy schools by country. A Albania Algeria Argentina Australia Austria B Bangladesh Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Bulgaria C Cambodia Canada China Beijing Hong Kong Jia ...

* List of Seventh-day Adventist medical schools

Country specific

List of dental schools in Australia This list of dental schools includes major academic institutions in Australia that award advanced professional degrees in the field of dentistry. New South Wales * Sydney Faculty of Dentistry - Graduate Entry * Charles Sturt University School of ...

* List of medical schools in Australia * List of medical colleges in Bangladesh *

List of medical schools in Canada This list of medical schools in Canada includes major academic institutions that award the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree, which is required to become a physician or a surgeon in Canada. M.D. granting medical schools are jointly accredited by ...

List of medical schools in Egypt This is a list of medical schools located in Egypt. Public schools of medicine * Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine * Al-Azhar University ** Faculty of Medicine for Boys ** Faculty of Medicine for Girls ** Asyut Faculty ...

* List of medical colleges in India * List of colleges of nursing in the Philippines *

List of medical colleges in Rajasthan India's medical schools are usually called medical colleges. Medical school quality is controlled by the central regulatory authority, the National Medical Commission, which inspects the institutes from time to time and recognizes institutes fo ...

* List of medical schools in Syria * List of dental schools in the United Kingdom *

List of medical schools in the United Kingdom There are thirty-four medical schools in the United Kingdom that are recognised by the General Medical Council and where students can study for a medical degree. There are twenty-five such schools in England, five in Scotland, two in Wales and t ...

** List of historical medical schools in the United Kingdom * List of pharmacy schools in the United Kingdom * List of dental schools in the United States *

List of medical schools in the United States This list of medical schools in the United States includes current and developing academic institutions which award the Doctor of Medicine (MD), or the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) a professional level of education, either of which is requir ...

** List of medical specialty colleges in the United States

External links

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(USA)
National Center for Health Statistics
(USA)
National Institute of Health
(USA)
National Library of Medicine Pubmed Journal SearchEuropean Agency for Safety and Health at Work
EU-OSHA
The Public Health Portal of the European UnionWorld Health Organization
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