A list of
Hanfu
''Hanfu'' () is the traditional styles of clothing worn by the Han Chinese. There are several representative styles of ''hanfu'', such as the (an upper-body garment with a long outer skirt), the (an upper-body garment with a long underskirt ...
, the historical clothing of the Han Chinese, in category of different clothing style. This page also addresses provides a list of garments.
Informal wear
![Ruqun](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Ruqun.svg)
Types include tops and bottoms, long skirt, and one-piece robes that wrap around the body once or several times (shenyi).
''Zhongyi'' (中衣), which is usually the inner garment much like a Western T-shirt and pants, can be wear along in casual.
The typical set of informal wear consists of two or three layers. The first layer is mostly ''zhongyi'' (中衣). The next layer is the main layer which is mostly closed at the front. There can be an optional third layer which is often an overcoat called a ''zhaoshan'' which is open at the front.
For footwear, white
socks
A sock is a piece of clothing worn on the feet and often covering the ankle or some part of the calf. Some types of shoes or boots are typically worn over socks. In ancient times, socks were made from leather or matted animal hair. In the late ...
and black cloth
shoes
A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot. They are often worn with a sock. Shoes are also used as an item of decoration and fashion. The design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture t ...
(with white soles) are the norm. But in the past, shoes may have a front face panel attached to the tip of the shoes.
Semi-formal wear
Generally, this form of wear is suitable for meeting guests or going to meetings and other special cultural days. This form of dress is often worn by the nobility or the upper-class as they are often expensive pieces of clothing, usually made of silks and damasks. The coat sleeves are often deeper than the shenyi to create a more voluminous appearance.
A piece of ancient Chinese clothing can be "made semi-formal" by the addition of the following appropriate items:
* Chang (裳): a pleated skirt
*
Bixi
Bixi, or Bi Xi (), is a figure from Chinese mythology. One of the 9 sons of the dragon, 9 sons of the Dragon King, he is depicted as a Chinese dragon, dragon with the shell of a turtle. Stone Chinese sculpture, sculptures of Bixi have been used ...
(蔽膝): a cloth attached from the waist, covering front of legs.
* Zhaoshan (罩衫): long open fronted coat
Formal wear
In addition to informal and semi-formal wear, there is a form of dress that is worn only at confucian rituals, important sacrifices, religious activities or by special people who are entitled to wear them (such as officials and emperors).
The most formal dress civilians can wear is the ''xuanduan'' (sometimes called ''yuanduan'' 元端),
which consists of a black or dark blue top garment that runs to the knees with long sleeve (often with white piping), a bottom red ''chang'', a red ''
bixi
Bixi, or Bi Xi (), is a figure from Chinese mythology. One of the 9 sons of the dragon, 9 sons of the Dragon King, he is depicted as a Chinese dragon, dragon with the shell of a turtle. Stone Chinese sculpture, sculptures of Bixi have been used ...
'' (which can have a motif and/or be edged in black), an optional white belt with two white streamers hanging from the side or slightly to the front called ''peishou'' (佩綬), and a long black ''guan''. Additionally, wearers may carry a long jade ''gui'' (圭) or wooden ''hu'' (笏) tablet (used when greeting royalty). This form of dress is mostly used in sacrificial ceremonies such as ''
Ji Tian'' (祭天) and ''
Ji Zu
Ji or JI may refer to:
Names and titles
* Ji (surname), the pinyin romanization of a number of distinct Chinese surnames
* Ji (Korean name), a Korean surname and element in given names (including lists of people with the name)
* -ji, an honorific ...
'' (祭祖), etc., but is also appropriate for state occasions. The ''xuanduan'' is basically a simplified version of full court dress of the officials and the nobility.
Court dress
![Xu_Xianqing's_career10](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Xu_Xianqing%27s_career10.JPG)
Court dress is the dress worn at very formal occasions and ceremonies that are in the presence of a monarch (such as an
enthronement
An enthronement is a ceremony of inauguration, involving a person—usually a monarch or religious leader—being formally seated for the first time upon their throne. Enthronements may also feature as part of a larger coronation rite.
...
ceremony). The entire ensemble of clothing can consist of many complex layers and look very elaborate. Court dress is similar to the ''xuanduan'' in components but have additional adornments and elaborate headwear. They are often brightly colored with vermillion and blue. There are various versions of court dress that are worn for certain occasions. The practical use of court dress is now obsolete in the modern age since there is no reigning monarch in China anymore.
Those in academia or officialdom have distinctive gowns (known as ''changfu'' 常服 in court dress terms). This varies over the ages but they are typically round collared gowns closed at the front. The most distinct feature is the headgear which has 'wings' attached. Only those who passed the civil examinations are entitled to wear them, but a variation of it can be worn by ordinary scholars and laymen and even for a groom at a wedding (but with no hat).
Court dress of emperors
Court dress of officials
Court dress for women
Cloaks
File:Orange Isle 2021122691.jpg, Doupeng (斗篷), a cloak
Lower garments
Religious clothing
Those in the religious orders wear a plain middle layer garment followed by a highly decorated cloak or coat. Taoists have a 'scarlet gown' (絳袍) which is made of a large square-shaped cloak sewn at the hem to create very long deep sleeves used in very formal rituals.
They are often scarlet or crimson in colour with wide edging and embroidered with intricate symbols and motifs such as the
eight trigrams
The bagua or pakua (八卦) are a set of eight symbols that originated in China, used in Taoist cosmology to represent the fundamental principles of reality, seen as a range of eight interrelated concepts. Each consists of three lines, each li ...
and the
yin and yang
Yin and yang ( and ) is a Chinese philosophy, Chinese philosophical concept that describes opposite but interconnected forces. In Chinese cosmology, the universe creates itself out of a primary chaos of material energy, organized into the c ...
Taiji symbol.
Buddhist have a cloak with gold lines on a scarlet background creating a brickwork pattern which is wrapped around over the left shoulder and secured at the right side of the body with cords. There may be further decorations, especially for high priests.
[High Priest of the Shaolin Monastery"]
''Newhanfu''.
Daoists
Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the '' Tao ...
,
Buddhists
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...
and
Confucians
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or a ...
may have white stripe
chevrons
Chevron (often relating to V-shaped patterns) may refer to:
Science and technology
* Chevron (aerospace), sawtooth patterns on some jet engines
* Chevron (anatomy), a bone
* '' Eulithis testata'', a moth
* Chevron (geology), a fold in rock l ...
.
Handwear
Gloves and mitts
File:Mawangdui Han Mitts (10113103185).jpg, Han mitts, Mawangdui Tomb, Han dynasty.
See also
*
Hanfu
''Hanfu'' () is the traditional styles of clothing worn by the Han Chinese. There are several representative styles of ''hanfu'', such as the (an upper-body garment with a long outer skirt), the (an upper-body garment with a long underskirt ...
*
List of Hanfu headwear
Chinese headwear have a long history. According to some scholars, China used to be called "the Kingdom of Headwear" by people due to its variety of colourful and artistic style of hair ornament. There were various categories for headwear including ...
*
Hanfu footwear
Hanfu also includes accessories, such as footwear. There were many etiquette which rule people's daily lives, and this included the use and etiquette of shoes and socks wearing.
Shoes
Collectively, shoes are typically called ''lü'' (履) since ...
*
Chinese academic dress
*
Mandarin square
A mandarin square ( zh, t=補子, s=补子, hp=bŭzi, w=putzŭ; mnc, m=, v=sabirgi; vi, Bổ tử; Chữ Nho: 補子; ko, 흉배/胸背, hyungbae), also known as a rank badge, was a large embroidered badge sewn onto the surcoat of officials ...
*
Hanfu Accessories
Hanfu accessories () refers to the various form of fashion accessories and self-adornments used and worn with throughout Chinese history. consists of many forms of miscellaneous accessories, such as Jewellery, jewelries, (), ribbons, shawls, sca ...
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Garment collars in Hanfu
Garment collars in are diverse and come in several shapes, including (cross-collars, overlapping collars at the front which closed on the right or left sides), , , , , . Some forms of collars were indigenous to China while others had been adopte ...
*
Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing
Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing refers to any form of Chinese auspicious ornaments, which are used to decorate various forms of Chinese textile and clothing (including and ), fashion accessories, and footwear in China since ...
References
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Hanfu
Clothing-related lists