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notable Notability is the property of being worthy of notice, having fame, or being considered to be of a high degree of interest, significance, or distinction. It also refers to the capacity to be such. Persons who are notable due to public responsibi ...
hacker group Hacker groups are informal communities that began to flourish in the early 1980s, with the advent of the home computer. Overview Prior to that time, the term ''hacker'' was simply a referral to any computer hobbyist. The hacker groups were out ...
s. * Anonymous, originating in 2003, Anonymous was created as a group for people who fought for the right to privacy. * Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers, founded in 2012. *
Cozy Bear Cozy Bear, classified by the United States federal government as advanced persistent threat APT29, is a Russian hacker group believed to be associated with one or more intelligence agencies of Russia. The Dutch General Intelligence and Security ...
, a Russian hacker group believed to be associated with one or more intelligence agencies of Russia. * Croatian Revolution Hackers, a now-defunct group of
Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...
n hackers credited with one of the largest attacks to have occurred in the
Balkans The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
. *
Cult of the Dead Cow Cult of the Dead Cow, also known as cDc or cDc Communications, is a computer Hacker (term), hacker and Do it yourself, DIY mass media, media organization founded in 1984 in Lubbock, Texas. The group maintains a blog, weblog on its site, also ti ...
, also known as cDc or cDc Communications, is a computer hacker and DIY media organization founded in 1984 in
Lubbock, Texas Lubbock ( ) is the 10th-most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of government of Lubbock County. With a population of 260,993 in 2021, the city is also the 85th-most populous in the United States. The city is in the northw ...
. *
Cyber Partisans Cyber Partisans (Belarusian: ''кіберпартызаны'', Russian: ''киберпартизаны'') is a Belarusian decentralized anonymous activist/hacktivist collective emerged in September 2020, known for its various cyber attacks agai ...
, a Belarusian hacktivist group that emerged in 2020, that performed attacks on the
Belarusian government The Government of the Republic of Belarus ( be, Урад Рэспублікі Беларусь), which consists of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus (), is the executive branch of state power in Belarus, and is appointed by the ...
and governmental agencies. * DarkSide, a cybercriminal hacking group, believed to be based in
Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russ ...
, that targets victims using ransomware and extortion. *
DCLeaks DCLeaks (also known as DC Leaks) was a website that was established in June 2016. It was responsible for publishing leaks of emails belonging to multiple prominent figures in the United States government and military. Cybersecurity research firms d ...
, claims to be a group of "American hacktivists (though indicted individuals were found to be in
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
) who respect and appreciate freedom of speech, human rights and government of the people." *
Decocidio Decocidio (stylized as decocidio) is an anonymous, autonomous collective of hacktivists founded by lea, best known by her username ‘lea0xfff’, a Belgian-Brazilian hacker. Decocidio is part of Earth First!, a radical environmental protes ...
is an anonymous, autonomous collective of hacktivists who are part of
Earth First! Earth First! is a radical environmental advocacy group that originated in the Southwestern United States. It was founded in 1980 by Dave Foreman, Mike Roselle, Howie Wolke, Bart Koehler, and Ron Kezar. Today there are Earth First! groups around ...
, a radical environmental protest organization, and adheres to
Climate Justice Action Climate Justice Action (CJA) is transnational coalition of organizations that seeks to prevent climate change and achieve climate justice. CJA formed as part of the alternative mobilisation around the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conferen ...
. * Derp, a hacker group that attacked several game sites in late 2013. *
Digital DawgPound The Digital DawgPound (more commonly referred to as the "DDP") is a group of hackers, best known for a series of articles in hacker magazines such as '' 2600: The Hacker Quarterly'' and ''Make'', the long-running webcast Binary Revolution Radio ...
(DDP) The DDP was founded and named by
StankDawg David Blake (born 1971), also known as StankDawg, is the founder of the hacking group Digital DawgPound (DDP) and a long-time member of the hacking community. He is known for being a regular presenter at multiple hacking conferences, but is bes ...
. *
Equation Group The Equation Group, classified as an advanced persistent threat, is a highly sophisticated threat actor suspected of being tied to the Tailored Access Operations (TAO) unit of the United States National Security Agency (NSA). Kaspersky Labs descr ...
, suspected to be the offensive operations wing of the U.S.
National Security Agency The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collecti ...
. * Fancy Bear, a Russian cyberespionage group. *
Ghost Squad Hackers Ghost Squad Hackers or by the abbreviation "GSH" is a politically motivated hacktivist team responsible for conducting cyber attacks on central banks, Fox News and CNN, leaking sensitive data of the United States Armed Forces, leaking sensitive d ...
, or by the abbreviation "GSH" is a politically motivated hacking team established in 2015. *
Rocket Kitten Rocket Kitten or the Rocket Kitten Group is a hacker group thought to be linked to the Iranian government. The threat actor group has targeted organizations and individuals in the Middle East, particularly Israel, Saudi Arabia, Iran as well as the U ...
or the Rocket Kitten Group is a hacker group thought to be linked to the
Iranian government The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Neẓām-e jomhūrī-e eslāmi-e Irān, known simply as ''Neẓām'' ( fa, نظام, lit=the system) among its supporters) is the ruling state a ...
. Formed in 2010 by the hacker personas "Cair3x" and "HUrr!c4nE!". *
Global kOS Global kOS ('kos' pronounced as chaos) were a grey hat (leaning black hat) computer hacker group active from 1996 through 2000, considered a highly influential group who were involved in multiple high-profile security breaches and defacements a ...
was a grey hat (leaning black hat) computer hacker group active from 1996 through 2000. *
globalHell globalHell was a group of hackers, composed of about 60 individuals. The group disbanded in 1999, when 12 members were prosecuted for computer intrusion and 30 for lesser offences. The members of the group were responsible for over a hundred we ...
was a group of hackers, composed of about 60 individuals. The group disbanded in 1999 when 12 members were prosecuted for computer intrusion and 30 for lesser offenses. *
Goatse Security Goatse Security (GoatSec) was a loose-knit, nine-person grey hat hacker group that specialized in uncovering security flaws. It was a division of the anti-blogging Internet trolling organization known as the Gay Nigger Association of America ( ...
(GoatSec) is a loose-knit, nine-person
grey hat A grey hat (greyhat or gray hat) is a computer hacker or computer security expert who may sometimes violate laws or typical ethical standards, but usually does not have the malicious intent typical of a black hat hacker. The term came into use ...
hacker group that specializes in uncovering security flaws. * Hackweiser is an underground hacking group and hacking magazine founded in 1999. *
Hafnium Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in many zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri M ...
Possibly with Chinese associations, responsible for the 2021 Microsoft Exchange Server data breach. *
Honker Union Honker () or red hacker is a group known for hacktivism, mainly present in China. Literally the name means "Red Guest", as compared to the usual Chinese transliteration of hacker (黑客, hēikè, literally ''Black Guest'' as in black hat). ...
is a group known for
hacktivism In Internet activism, hacktivism, or hactivism (a portmanteau of ''hack'' and ''activism''), is the use of computer-based techniques such as hacking as a form of civil disobedience to promote a political agenda or social change. With roots in hack ...
, mainly present in
Mainland China "Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...
, whose members launched a series of attacks on websites in the United States, mostly government-related sites. *
IT Army of Ukraine The IT Army of Ukraine ( uk, IT-армія України) is a volunteer cyberwarfare organisation created at the end of February 2022 to fight against digital intrusion of Ukrainian information and cyberspace after the beginning of the Russia ...
is a volunteer cyberwarfare organisation created amidst the
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. An ...
. *
Killnet Killnet is a pro-Russia hacker group known for its DoS (denial of service) and DDoS (distributed denial of service) attacks towards government institutions and private companies in several countries during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Th ...
is a pro-Russian group that attacked several countries' government institutions and attempted to
DDoS In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host A ...
the
2022 Eurovision Song Contest The Eurovision Song Contest 2022 was the 66th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Turin, Italy, following the country's victory at the with the song "" by Måneskin. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and ...
website. *
L0pht L0pht Heavy Industries (pronounced "loft") was a hacker collective active between 1992 and 2000 and located in the Boston, Massachusetts area. The L0pht was one of the first viable hackerspaces in the US, and a pioneer of responsible disclosur ...
, was a hacker collective active between 1992 and 2000 and located in the Boston, Massachusetts area. * Lapsus$, a black-hat hacker group known for using extortion tactics. active since late 2021, allegedly dumping data from
Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washing ...
,
Samsung The Samsung Group (or simply Samsung) ( ko, 삼성 ) is a South Korean multinational manufacturing conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It comprises numerous affiliated businesses, most of them united under the ...
and
Nvidia Nvidia CorporationOfficially written as NVIDIA and stylized in its logo as VIDIA with the lowercase "n" the same height as the uppercase "VIDIA"; formerly stylized as VIDIA with a large italicized lowercase "n" on products from the mid 1990s to ...
, and with members arrested in March 2022. *
Lazarus Group Lazarus Group (also known by other monikers such as Guardians of Peace or Whois Team ) is a cybercrime group made up of an unknown number of individuals run by the government of North Korea. While not much is known about the Lazarus Group, resea ...
, with strong links to the North Korean government, involved in the
Sony Pictures hack On November 24, 2014, a hacker group identifying itself as "Guardians of Peace" leaked a release of confidential data from the film studio Sony Pictures Entertainment (SPE). The data included personal information about Sony Pictures employees ...
, the
Bangladesh Bank robbery The Bangladesh Bank robbery, also known colloquially as the Bangladesh Bank cyber heist, was a theft that took place in February 2016. Thirty-five fraudulent instructions were issued by security hackers via the SWIFT network to illegally tra ...
and the
WannaCry ransomware attack The WannaCry ransomware attack was a worldwide cyberattack in May 2017 by the WannaCry ransomware cryptoworm, which targeted computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system by encrypting data and demanding ransom payments in the Bitco ...
. *
Legion of Doom The Legion of Doom is a group of supervillains who originated in ''Challenge of the Super Friends'', an animated series from Hanna-Barbera based on DC Comics' Justice League. The Legion of Doom has since been incorporated into the main DC Univers ...
; LOD was a hacker group active in the early 80s and mid-90s. Had noted rivalry with Masters of Deception (MOD). * Legion Hacktivist Group, a hacking group that hijacked the Indian Yahoo server and hacked online news portals of India. * Level Seven was a hacking group during the mid to late 1990s. Eventually dispersing in early 2000 when their nominal leader "vent" was raided by the FBI on February 25, 2000. *
Lizard Squad Lizard Squad was a black hat hacking group, mainly known for their claims of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks primarily to disrupt gaming-related services. On September 3, 2014, Lizard Squad seemingly announced that it had disbande ...
, known for their claims of
distributed denial-of-service In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connect ...
(DDoS) attacks primarily to disrupt gaming-related services. Currently broken up. *
LulzSec LulzSec (a contraction for Lulz Security) was a black hat computer hacking group that claimed responsibility for several high profile attacks, including the compromise of user accounts from PlayStation Network in 2011. The group also claimed ...
, a group of hackers originating and disbanding in 2011 that claimed to hack "for the lulz". *
Masters of Deception Masters of Deception (MOD) was a New York–based group of hackers, most widely known in media for their exploits of telephone company infrastructure and later prosecution. Origin of Masters of Deception MOD's initial membership grew from m ...
, MOD's initial membership grew from meetings on Loop-Around Test Lines in the early- to mid-1980s. Had noted rivalry with Legion of Doom (LOD). * Mazafaka, financially motivated group and
crime forum A crime forum is a generic term for an Internet forum specialising in computer crime and Internet fraud activities such as hacking, Online Identity Theft, Phishing, Pharming, Malware Attacks or spamming. During the early days of the Internet publ ...
. *
milw0rm Milw0rm is a group of hacktivists best known for penetrating the computers of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai, the primary nuclear research facility of India, on June 3, 1998. The group conducted hacks for political reasons, in ...
is a group of "hacktivists" best known for penetrating the computers of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai. * NCPH is a Chinese hacker group based out of Zigong in Sichuan Province. * OurMine, a hacker group of unknown origin that has compromised various websites and Twitter accounts as a way of advertising their "professional services". * P.H.I.R.M., an early hacking group that was founded in the early 1980s. *
Phone Losers of America The Phone Losers of America (PLA) is an internet prank call community founded in 1994 as a phone phreaking and hacking e-zine. Today the PLA hosts the popular prank call podcast the ''Snow Plow Show'' which it has hosted since 2012. History ...
, an internet
prank call A prank call (also known as a crank call) is a telephone call intended by the caller as a practical joke played on the person answering. It is often a type of nuisance call. It can be illegal under certain circumstances. Recordings of prank ph ...
community founded in 1994 as a
phone phreaking Phreaking is a slang term coined to describe the activity of a culture of people who study, experiment with, or explore telecommunication systems, such as equipment and systems connected to public telephone networks. The term ''phreak'' is a ...
and hacking group. * Powerful Greek Army, is a Greek group of black-hat computer hackers founded in 2016. *
RedHack RedHack is a Turkish Marxist-Leninist computer hacker group founded in 1997. The group has claimed responsibility for hacking the websites of institutions which include the Council of Higher Education, Turkish police forces, the Turkish Army ...
is a socialist hacker group based in Turkey, founded in 1997. They usually launch attacks against the Turkish government's websites and leak secret documents of the Turkish government. * Sandworm, also known as Unit 74455, a Russian cyber military unit of the
GRU The Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, rus, Гла́вное управле́ние Генера́льного шта́ба Вооружённых сил Росси́йской Федера́ци ...
. *
The Shadow Brokers The Shadow Brokers (TSB) is a hacker group who first appeared in the summer of 2016. They published several leaks containing hacking tools, including several zero-day exploits, from the "Equation Group" who are widely suspected to be a branch of ...
(TSB), originating in summer 2016. They published several leaks containing hacking tools, including several zero-day exploits of the National Security Agency (NSA). *
ShinyHunters ShinyHunters is a criminal black-hat hacker group that is believed to have formed in 2020 and is said to have been involved in numerous data breaches. The stolen information is often sold on the dark web. Name and alias The name of the group i ...
is a Hacker Group that is said to be responsible for numerous
data breach A data breach is a security violation, in which sensitive, protected or confidential data is copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen or used by an individual unauthorized to do so. Other terms are unintentional information disclosure, data leak, info ...
es in 2020 and 2021. * TeaMp0isoN is a group of black-hat computer hackers established in mid-2009. * TeslaTeam is a group of black-hat computer hackers from Serbia established in 2010. * TESO was a hacker group originating in
Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
that was active primarily from 1998 to 2004. *
The Unknowns The Unknowns is a self-proclaimed ethical hacking group that came to attention in May 2012 after exploiting weaknesses in the security of NASA, CIA, White House, the European Space Agency, Harvard University, Renault, the United States Military ...
is a group of white-hat hackers that exploited many high-profiled websites and became very active in 2012 when the group was founded and disbanded. *
UGNazi UGNazi (Underground Nazi Hacktivist Group) is a hacker group. The group conducted a series of cyberattacks, including social engineering, data breach, and denial-of-service attacks, on the websites of various organizations in 2012. Two members of ...
, a hacking group led by JoshTheGod, was founded in 2011. They are best known for several attacks on US government sites, leaking WHMC's database, DDoS attacks, and exposing personal information of celebrities and other high-profile figures on exposed.su. * Vice Society, a Russian-speaking hacker group known for attacks on healthcare and education organizations *
Wizard Spider Wizard Spider, also known as Trickbot, is a cybercrime group based in and around Saint Petersburg in Russia. Some members may be based in Ukraine. They are estimated to number about 80, some of them may not know they are employed by a criminal org ...
Russian / Ukrainian hacker group, suspected of being behind the Ireland
Health Service Executive cyberattack On 14 May 2021, the Health Service Executive (HSE) of Ireland suffered a major ransomware cyberattack which caused all of its IT systems nationwide to be shut down. It was the most significant cybercrime attack on an Irish state agency and th ...
, sometimes called Trickbot per the malware. * YIPL/TAP - ''Youth International Party Line'' or ''Technological Assistance Program'', was an early
phone phreak Phreaking is a slang term coined to describe the activity of a culture of people who study, experiment with, or explore telecommunication systems, such as equipment and systems connected to public telephone networks. The term ''phreak'' is a ...
organization and publication created in the 1970s by activists
Abbie Hoffman Abbot Howard "Abbie" Hoffman (November 30, 1936 – April 12, 1989) was an American political and social activist who co-founded the Youth International Party ("Yippies") and was a member of the Chicago Seven. He was also a leading proponen ...
. *
Xbox Underground Xbox Underground was an international hacker group responsible for gaining unauthorized access to the computer network of Microsoft and its development partners, including Activision, Epic Games, and Valve Corporation, Valve, in order to obtain sen ...
, an international group responsible for hacking game developers, including
Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washing ...
. * UNC1151, believed to be based in Belarus.


See also

*
List of hackers Here is a list of notable hackers who are known for their hacking acts. 0–9 A * Mark Abene (Phiber Optik) * Ryan Ackroyd (Kayla) * Mustafa Al-Bassam (Tflow) * Mitch Altman * Jacob Appelbaum (ioerror) * Julian Assange (Mendax) * Tris ...
* List of fictional hackers *
List of computer criminals Convicted computer criminals are people who are caught and convicted of computer crimes such as breaking into computers or computer networks. Computer crime can be broadly defined as criminal activity involving information technology infrastructu ...
*
Information security Information security, sometimes shortened to InfoSec, is the practice of protecting information by mitigating information risks. It is part of information risk management. It typically involves preventing or reducing the probability of unauthorize ...
*
Computer security conference A computer security conference is a convention for individuals involved in computer security. They generally serve as meeting places for system and network administrators, hackers, and computer security experts. Events Common activities at hacke ...


References

{{reflist *
hacker groups Hacker groups are informal communities that began to flourish in the early 1980s, with the advent of the home computer. Overview Prior to that time, the term ''hacker'' was simply a referral to any computer hobbyist. The hacker groups were out ...