The Eastern Hills of Bogotá is a threatened but rich area of biodiversity. Various species have been registered in the Eastern Hills of the Colombian capital.

Flora

Adelaarsvaren planten Pteridium aquilinum

In the Eastern Hills a total of 443 species of flora have been identified, of which 156 species in 111 genera and 64 families of

vascular plant Vascular plants (), also called tracheophytes () or collectively Tracheophyta (), form a large group of land plants ( accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They al ...

s.Ramírez Hernández et al., 2015 A study published in 2013 lists as most important and characteristic species:Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.234Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.235Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.236Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.238Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.239

Birds

Colombia is the country with the most recorded bird species (1912 as of 2014) in the world.1912 bird species in Colombia available online
– ProAves.org The

biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') l ...

of bird species in the Eastern Hills is higher than in the parks of urban Bogotá. The northern part of the reserve is richer in bird species due to the dense forests and larger space between the urban zones. Birds of 30 families, 92 genera and 119 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills. A study in 2011 provided data on 67 species in an area of .Peraza, 2011, p.58 The observation stations were between and in elevation.Peraza, 2011, p.59

Mammals

Mammals of 14 families, 17 genera and 18 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills. Until the first half of the twentieth century, the Eastern Hills were populated by larger species as the

puma Puma or PUMA may refer to: Animals * ''Puma'' (genus), a genus in the family Felidae ** Puma (species) or cougar, a large cat Businesses and organisations * Puma (brand), a multinational shoe and sportswear company * Puma Energy, a mid- and d ...

, spectacled bear and

white-tailed deer The white-tailed deer (''Odocoileus virginianus''), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. It has also been introduced t ...

, but these species have been hunted to extinction.Biodiversidad y conservación – Cerros al oriente de Bogotá
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Reptiles

Reptiles of four families, five genera and five species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.Fauna of the Eastern Hills
/ref> Of these species, only the lizards ''Anadia bogotensis'' and ''Proctoporus striatus'' have been found on the Guadalupe Hill.Suna Hisca, s.a., p.339 The striped lightbulb lizard is also present on the terrain of the Universidad de los Andes.Mendoza R. & Rodríguez Barbosa, 2014, p.12

Amphibians

Amphibians of four families, six genera and nine species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.

Fish

Three species of fish have been identified in the waters of the Eastern Hills. Of ''Trichomycterus venulosus'' only two specimens have been found, and it is thought the species is extinct in the rivers of the Eastern Hills, which may have to do with the introduction of trout.''Trichomycterus venulosus''
–

IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biol ...

Butterflies

In the Eastern Hills two species of butterflies have been identified.Los cerros, s.a., p.25

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * {{Bogotá Eastern Hills

Bogotá Bogotá (, also , , ), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá (; ) during the Spanish period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital city of Colombia, and one of the larges ...

Flora and fauna In biology, an organism () is any living system that functions as an individual entity. All organisms are composed of cells (cell theory). Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; ...