List of fish of Hawaii

The fish species of Hawaii inhabit the Hawaiian archipelago in the central North Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia. The islands are part of the State of Hawaii, United States. The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, comprising hundreds of islands spread over .

At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands include many atolls, and reefs. Due to Hawaii's isolation 30% of the fish are endemic (unique to the island chain).

In total the Hawaiian Islands comprise a total of 137 islands and atolls, with a total land area of . This archipelago and its oceans are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania.

The climate of Hawaii is typical for a tropical area, although temperatures and humidity tend to be a bit less extreme than other tropical locales due to the constant trade winds blowing from the east.

The surrounding waters are affected by effluents generated and released from the islands themselves. Floating plastic garbage is a problem, and refuse from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch affects its beaches. Other pressures on Hawaii's fish population are its fishing industries and whaling until IWC's moratorium in 1986. In the last century, some commercially fished stocks have decreased by 80-85%.

Due to its isolation, very few native freshwater fish species are found in Hawaii, and none are entirely restricted to freshwater (all are either anadromous, or also found in brackish and marine water in their adult stage).

The seven native fish species regularly seen in fresh water are the flagtail ''Kuhlia xenura'', the mullet ''Mugil cephalus'', the gobies ''Awaous stamineus'', ''Lentipes concolor'', ''Sicyopterus stimpsoni'' and ''Stenogobius hawaiiensis'', and the sleeper goby ''Eleotris sandwicensis''.McRae, McRae, and Fitzsimons (2011). ''Habitats used by Juvenile Flagtails (Kuhlia spp.; Perciformes: Kuhliidae) on the Island of Hawai'i.'' Pacific Science 65(4): 441-450Fitzsimons; and McRae (2007) ''Behavioral Ecology of Indigenous Stream Fishes in Hawai‘i.'' Environmental Studies 3: 11–21. Three of the gobies, ''A. stamineus'', ''L. concolor'' and ''S. stimpsoni'', are famous for their ability to climb waterfalls to reach higher sections of freshwater streams. Several other species have been introduced to the freshwater habitats of Hawaii and some of these are invasive.

Species of fish

Images

File:Oeufs002b,57.png, Egg of Lamprey
File:Zebrasoma veliferum.JPG, A Sailfin tang, a brown fish with five vertical white stripes, a blue spot on the caudal fin, and yellow fins
File:Yellowsaddle goatfish parupeneus cyclostomus.JPG, A green Moana kali fish on a light blue background
File:Ctenochaetus strigosus 1.jpg, A Yellow-eyed surgeon, a brown and white fish with a bright yellow eye
File:Sunfish2.jpg, Ocean sunfish
File:Surgeonfish.jpg, An Orangeband surgeonfish, a light grey fish with a dark grey back half, an orange stripe running from just below the eye past the ventral fins, and stopping just before the fish's dorsal fin. This fish has a very heavily lyre-shaped tail
File:Acanthurus achilles1.jpg, An Achilles tang, a black, lyre-tailed fish with an orange spot just before the caudal peduncle, black dorsal and anal fins with an orange stripe marking the boundary between fin and body. The tail is orange and white
File:Acanthurus dussumieri.jpg, Dussumier's surgeon, a grey fish with a blue lyre-tail and a white spot on the caudal peduncle.
File:Lutjanus kasmira.jpg, A Blue striped snapper, a neon green fish with four horizontal neon blue stripes running the length of its body
File:Parrotfish turquoisse.jpg, A Parrotfish is a large, dark blue fish with a light blue underbelly and a protruding forehead
File:Pterapogon kauderni.jpg, A Cardinal fish, a brown fish with three vertical black stripes, black outlining on the caudal fin and caudal peduncle, and covered in white spots.
File:Yellowsaddle goatfish parupeneus cyclostomus.JPG, Moana kali
File:Surgeonfish.jpg, Orange spot wrasse
File:Acanthurus achilles1.jpg, Achilles tang
File:Parrotfish turquoisse.jpg, Parrotfish
File:Pterapogon kauderni.jpg, Cardinal fish

References

Further reading

* - Total pages: 256

External links

huiwaa.org

{{Hawaii

Fish
Hawaii