This is a non-exhaustive list of
copulae in the
English language
English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the is ...
, i.e. words used to link the
subject
Subject ( la, subiectus "lying beneath") may refer to:
Philosophy
*''Hypokeimenon'', or ''subiectum'', in metaphysics, the "internal", non-objective being of a thing
**Subject (philosophy), a being that has subjective experiences, subjective cons ...
of a sentence with a
predicate
Predicate or predication may refer to:
* Predicate (grammar), in linguistics
* Predication (philosophy)
* several closely related uses in mathematics and formal logic:
**Predicate (mathematical logic)
**Propositional function
**Finitary relation, o ...
(a
subject complement In grammar, a subject complement or predicative of the subject is a predicative expression that follows a linking verb ( copula) and that complements the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it or (2) describing it. It completes the mea ...
).
Because many of these copulative
verb
A verb () is a word (part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (''bring'', ''read'', ''walk'', ''run'', ''learn''), an occurrence (''happen'', ''become''), or a state of being (''be'', ''exist'', ''stand''). In the usual descri ...
s may be used non-copulatively, examples are provided. Also, there can be other copulative verbs depending on the context and the meaning of the specific verb used. Therefore, this list is not an exhaustive one.
*''
act'' "Tom ''acted'' suspicious."
*''
appear'' "Tom ''appears'' satisfied, but really is not."
*''
be'' "Tom ''is'' a coward."
*''
become
Seventh Wonder is a Swedish progressive metal band from Stockholm, formed in 2000.
History
Seventh Wonder was formed in 2000 by bass player Andreas Blomqvist, guitarist Johan Liefvendahl and drummer Johnny Sandin after their previous band fel ...
'' (
inchoative
Inchoative aspect (abbreviated or ) is a grammatical aspect, referring to the beginning of a state. It can be found in conservative Indo-European languages such as Latin and Lithuanian, and also in Finnic languages or European derived languages w ...
) "Tom ''became'' wealthy."
*''
call in'' "Tom ''called in'' sick."
*''
come
Come may refer to:
*Comè, a city and commune in Benin
*Come (Tenos), an ancient town on Tenos island, Greece
Music
*Come (American band), an American indie rock band formed in 1990
*Come (UK band), a British noise project founded in 1979
**Come ...
'' "The prediction ''came'' true;" "the belt ''came'' loose;" "the characters in the story ''come'' alive"
*''
come out
Coming out of the closet, often shortened to coming out, is a metaphor used to describe LGBT people's self-disclosure of their sexual orientation, romantic orientation, or gender identity.
Framed and debated as a privacy issue, coming out of ...
'' "It ''came out'' burnt."
*''
constitute''
"Verbs ''constitute'' one of the main word classes in the English language"
*''
die
Die, as a verb, refers to death, the cessation of life.
Die may also refer to:
Games
* Die, singular of dice, small throwable objects used for producing random numbers
Manufacturing
* Die (integrated circuit), a rectangular piece of a semicondu ...
'' "He ''died'' poor."
*''
eat
Eating (also known as consuming) is the ingestion of food, typically to provide a heterotrophic organism with energy and to allow for growth. Animals and other heterotrophs must eat in order to survive — carnivores eat other animals, herbi ...
'' "Tom ''eats'' healthy."
*''
emerge'' "Tom ''emerged'' unharmed after the incident."
*''
end up'' "I ''ended up'' broke;" "the room ''ended up'' a mess."
*''
equal
Equal(s) may refer to:
Mathematics
* Equality (mathematics).
* Equals sign (=), a mathematical symbol used to indicate equality.
Arts and entertainment
* ''Equals'' (film), a 2015 American science fiction film
* ''Equals'' (game), a board game
...
'' "Two plus two ''equals'' four."
*''
get
Get or GET may refer to:
* Get (animal), the offspring of an animal
* Get (divorce document), in Jewish religious law
* GET (HTTP), a type of HTTP request
* "Get" (song), by the Groggers
* Georgia Time, used in the Republic of Georgia
* Get AS, a ...
'' (
inchoative
Inchoative aspect (abbreviated or ) is a grammatical aspect, referring to the beginning of a state. It can be found in conservative Indo-European languages such as Latin and Lithuanian, and also in Finnic languages or European derived languages w ...
) "Tom ''got'' angry."
*''
go'' "The man ''went'' crazy;" "Tom ''went'' bald;" "the food ''went'' bad;" "the mistake ''went'' unnoticed"
*''
grow'' (
inchoative
Inchoative aspect (abbreviated or ) is a grammatical aspect, referring to the beginning of a state. It can be found in conservative Indo-European languages such as Latin and Lithuanian, and also in Finnic languages or European derived languages w ...
) "Tom ''grew'' insistent."
*''
fall
Autumn, also known as fall in American English and Canadian English, is one of the four temperate seasons on Earth. Outside the tropics, autumn marks the transition from summer to winter, in September (Northern Hemisphere) or March (Souther ...
'' "Tom ''fell'' ill with the flu."
*''
feel
Feel may refer to:
*Feeling
Music Bands
*Feel (New York band), a dance and R&B band
*Feel (Polish band), a pop rock band
Songs
* "Feel" (Kendrick Lamar song), 2017
* "Feel", by Phora, 2018
*"Feel", by Mahmut Orhan, 2016
* "Feel" (Kumi Koda song), ...
'' "Tom ''felt'' nauseated."
*''
freeze'' "The lake ''froze'' solid."
*''
keep
A keep (from the Middle English ''kype'') is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars have debated the scope of the word ''keep'', but usually consider it to refer to large towers in c ...
'' "Tom ''kept'' quiet."
*''
lean
Lean, leaning or LEAN may refer to:
Business practices
* Lean thinking, a business methodology adopted in various fields
** Lean construction, an adaption of lean manufacturing principles to the design and construction process
** Lean governmen ...
'' "This area ''leans'' conservative."
*''
look
To look is to use sight to perceive an object.
Look or The Look may refer to:
Businesses and products
* Look (modeling agency), an Israeli modeling agency
* ''Look'' (American magazine), a defunct general-interest magazine
* ''Look'' (UK ma ...
'' "Tom ''looks'' upset."
*''
play
Play most commonly refers to:
* Play (activity), an activity done for enjoyment
* Play (theatre), a work of drama
Play may refer also to:
Computers and technology
* Google Play, a digital content service
* Play Framework, a Java framework
* Pla ...
'' "The possum ''played'' dead."
*''
prove
Proof most often refers to:
* Proof (truth), argument or sufficient evidence for the truth of a proposition
* Alcohol proof, a measure of an alcoholic drink's strength
Proof may also refer to:
Mathematics and formal logic
* Formal proof, a con ...
'' "Tom's behavior ''proves'' difficult to understand."
*''
remain
Remain may refer to:
* ''Remain'' (José González EP)
* ''Remain'' (KNK EP)
*''Remain'', poetry book by Jennifer Murphy, 2005
*''Remain'', album by Tyrone Wells, 2009
*''Remain'', album by Great Divide, 2002
*''Remain'', album by Them Are Us Too ...
'' "Tom ''remained'' unsatisfied."
*''
run
Run(s) or RUN may refer to:
Places
* Run (island), one of the Banda Islands in Indonesia
* Run (stream), a stream in the Dutch province of North Brabant
People
* Run (rapper), Joseph Simmons, now known as "Reverend Run", from the hip-hop group ...
'' "Protectionist impulses ''run'' far too strong on Capitol Hill"
(''New York Times'')
*''
seem
Seem or ''variants'' may refer to:
* ''Société d'Exploitation des Etablissements Morane-Saulnier'' (''SEEMS'' or ''SEEM''), the successor company to the French aviation manufacturer ''Morane-Saulnier''
* SeeMS, a mass spectrometry viewer soft ...
'' "Tom ''seems'' happy."
*''
shine
Shine may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Film and television
* ''Shine'' (film), a 1996 Australian film based on the life of David Helfgott, a pianist
* Shine, a fictional character in the American animated TV series ''Shimmer and Shine''
Lite ...
'' "Her smile ''shines'' bright."
*''
smell
Smell may refer to;
* Odor, airborne molecules perceived as a scent or aroma
* Sense of smell, the scent also known scientifically as olfaction
* "Smells" (''Bottom''), an episode of ''Bottom''
* The Smell, a music venue in Los Angeles, Californ ...
'' "Tom ''smelled'' sweet"
*''
sound
In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.
In human physiology and psychology, sound is the ''reception'' of such waves and their ''perception'' by the ...
'' "Tom ''sounded'' obnoxious."
*''
stay
Stay may refer to:
Places
* Stay, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in the US
Law
* Stay of execution, a ruling to temporarily suspend the enforcement of a court judgment
* Stay of proceedings, a ruling halting further legal process in a tri ...
'' "Tom ''stayed'' happy."
*''
take
A take is a single continuous recorded performance. The term is used in film and music to denote and track the stages of production.
Film
In cinematography, a take refers to each filmed "version" of a particular shot or "setup". Takes of each s ...
'' "Tom ''took'' ill."
*''
taste
The gustatory system or sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of taste (flavor). Taste is the perception produced or stimulated when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor ...
'' "The food ''tastes'' fresh."
*''
turn'' (
inchoative
Inchoative aspect (abbreviated or ) is a grammatical aspect, referring to the beginning of a state. It can be found in conservative Indo-European languages such as Latin and Lithuanian, and also in Finnic languages or European derived languages w ...
) "Tom ''turned'' angry."
*''
turn up'' "Tom ''turned up'' missing."
*''
wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures. They include higher alkanes and lipids, typically with melting points above about 40 °C (104 °F), melting to give low ...
'' "Tom ''waxed'' lyrical."
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:English copulae
Copulae
Copulae