The list of doctoral degrees awarded by country includes all

doctoral A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''li ...

degrees worldwide.

Argentina

* Doctor of Applied Science * Doctor of Basic Science *

Doctor of Science Doctor of Science ( la, links=no, Scientiae Doctor), usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D., or D.S., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries, "Doctor of Science" is the degree used f ...

Doctor of Arts The Doctor of Arts (D.A.; occasionally D.Arts or Art.D. from the Latin ''artium doctor'') is a discipline-based terminal doctoral degree that was originally conceived and designed to be an alternative to the traditional research-based Doctor of ...

* Doctor of Administration * Doctor of Chemistry * Doctor of Informatics * Doctor of Criminology *

Doctor of Design Doctor or The Doctor may refer to: Personal titles * Doctor (title), the holder of an accredited academic degree * A medical practitioner, including: ** Physician ** Surgeon ** Dentist ** Veterinary physician ** Optometrist *Other roles ...

Doctor of Education The Doctor of Education (Ed.D. or D.Ed.; Latin ''Educationis Doctor'' or ''Doctor Educationis'') is (depending on region and university) a research or professional doctoral degree that focuses on the field of education. It prepares the holder for a ...

Doctor of Engineering The Doctor of Engineering, or Engineering Doctorate, (abbreviated DEng, EngD, or Dr-Ing) is a degree awarded on the basis of advanced study and a practical project in the engineering and applied science for solving problems in the industry. In the ...

Doctor of Law A Doctor of Law is a degree in law. The application of the term varies from country to country and includes degrees such as the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D), Juris Doctor (J.D.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and Legum Doctor (LL ...

Doctor of Literature Doctor of Letters (D.Litt., Litt.D., Latin: ' or ') is a terminal degree in the humanities that, depending on the country, is a higher doctorate after the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree or equivalent to a higher doctorate, such as the Doctor ...

Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin language, Latin ''Medicinae Doctor'') is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a profes ...

Doctor of Music The Doctor of Music degree (D.Mus., D.M., Mus.D. or occasionally Mus.Doc.) is a higher doctorate awarded on the basis of a substantial portfolio of compositions and/or scholarly publications on music. Like other higher doctorates, it is granted b ...

Doctor of Philosophy A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common Academic degree, degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields ...

* Doctor of Physical Education *

Doctor of Psychology The Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D. or D.Psych.) is a professional doctoral degree intended to prepare graduates for careers that apply scientific knowledge of psychology and deliver empirically based service to individuals, groups and organization ...

Doctor of Veterinary Medicine A veterinarian (vet), also known as a veterinary surgeon or veterinary physician, is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, vet ...

Doctor of Social Science The Doctor of Social Science (DSocSci, SScD or DSS) degree is the highest degree offered by some universities in the field of social sciences, for which other universities confer a Ph.D. Like the PhD, it is recognized as a terminal research degree ...

Czech Republic and Slovakia

The system of

Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus' Places * Czech, ...

and Slovak doctoral degrees has been inherited from

Czechoslovakia , rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי, , common_name = Czechoslovakia , life_span = 1918–19391945–1992 , p1 = Austria-Hungary , image_p1 ...

and is for a large part identical.

Doctoral degrees gained after graduation

* Doctor of medicine (Medicinæ universæ doctor – MUDr.) * Doctor of dental medicine (Medicinæ dentium doctor – MDDr.) * Doctor of veterinary medicine (Medicinæ veterinariæ doctor – MVDr.) These degrees are written before the name and are considered as professional doctorates comparable to the US Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree.

Doctoral degrees gained by thesis, viva voce and rigorous examination

* Doctor of philosophy (Doktor filozofie – PhDr.) * Doctor of natural sciences (Rerum naturalium doctor – RNDr.) * Doctor of pharmacy (Pharmaciæ doctor – PharmDr.) * Doctor of laws (Juris utrisque doctor – JUDr.) * Doctor of paedeutics (Paedagogiæ doctor – PaedDr., no longer used in the Czech Republic) * Doctor of theology (Theologiæ doctor – ThDr.) * Doctor of economy (Rerum commercialum doctor – RCDr., no longer used) * Doctor of social sciences (Rerum socialium doctor – RSDr., deprecated – used by the Czechoslovak communist regime) These degrees are written before the name. Doctoral degrees gained after a rigorous examination are popularly called small doctorate (''malý doktorát'' in Czech or Slovakia). Applicants need a master's degree or a post-graduate degree (5 years+) comparable to Master level or higher and have to write a thesis of 50,000-80,000 words and defend this thesis in a viva voce and a rigorous examination in at least 2-3 subjects.

Doctoral degrees gained after post-graduate study

* Candidate of sciences (Candidatus scientiarum – CSc., since 1997 replaced by common PhD.) * Doctor of philosophy (Philosophiae doctor – PhD., awarded since 1997; requires at least 3–5-year doctoral study and coursework of 120-180 Credits) * Doctor of theology (Theologiae doctor – Th.D.) – doctoral study in theology * Doctor of sciences (Doctor scientiarum – DrSc. (no longer used in the Czech Republic); prerequisite: a PhD.-level degree) These degrees are written after the name. Doctoral degrees gained after post-graduate study are popularly called great doctorate (''velký doktorát'' in Czech).

Other doctoral degrees

* Doctor of sciences (Doctor scientiarum – DSc) - highest appreciation of scientific work, granting from the

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic The Czech Academy of Sciences (abbr. CAS, cs, Akademie věd České republiky, abbr. AV ČR) was established in 1992 by the Czech National Council as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and its tradition goes back ...

* Honorary Doctorate (Doctor honoris causa – Dr.h.c.) –

honorary degree An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or ''ad hono ...

, usually it is not in use. These degrees are written after the name. Both Czech and Slovak orthography state that the 'philosophiae doctor' is abbreviated as 'PhD.' in analogy to all of the other degrees, however, perhaps under influence of international use of 'Ph.D.', this foreign form is used in the Czech Law of the Academic and Scientific Degrees. In fact, Czech lawgivers have enacted an orthographical mistake.

Denmark

The Danish ''ph.d.'' degree has no further subdivisions and grants the holder the postposed title of ''ph.d.''. The higher doctor grants the holder the title of ''dr.'' or ''doktor''. In the case of a

honorary doctorate An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or ''ad hon ...

, ''h.c.'' (honoris causa) is added. The higher doctorate is issued in varieies dependent on the field: * dr.agro. ''(doctor agronomiae)'' – Agronomy * dr.jur. ''(doctor juris)'' – Law * dr.ling.merc. ''(doctor linguae mercantilis)'' – Business language * dr.med. ''(doctor medicinae)'' – Medicine * dr.med.vet. ''(doctor medicinae veterinariae)'' - Veterinary medicine * dr.merc ''(doctor mercaturae)'' – Business economics * dr.odont. ''(doctor odontologiae)'' – Odontology * dr.oecon. ''(doctor oeconomices)'' – Economy * dr.pharm. ''(doctor pharmaciae)'' – Pharmacy * dr.phil. ''(doctor philosophiae)'' – Philosophy * dr.polit. ''(doctor politices)'' – Economics * dr.psyk. ''(doctor psychologiae)'' – Psychology * dr.pæd. ''(doctor pædagogiae)'' – Pedagogics * dr.rer.soc ''(doctor rerum socialium)'' – Social science * dr.scient. ''(doctor scientiarum)'' – Natural sciences * dr.scient.adm. ''(doctor scientiarum administrationis)'' – Administration * dr.scient.ant. ''(doctor scientiarum anthropologicarum)'' – Anthropology * dr.scient.pol ''(doctor scientiarum politicarum)'' – Political science * dr.scient.soc. ''(doctor scientiarum socialium)'' – Sociology * dr.techn. ''(doctor technices)'' – Technology/engineering * dr.theol. ''(doctor theologiae)'' – Theology

Finland

This list is comprehensive list of doctoral decrees granted by Finnish universities, based on the Government decree on university degrees. The English translations are official. *''Elintarviketieteiden tohtori'' – Doctor of Food Science *''Eläinlääketieteen tohtori'' – Doctor of Veterinary Medicine *''Farmasian tohtori''– Doctor of Science (Pharmacy) *''Filosofian tohtori'' – Doctor of Philosophy *''Hallintotieteiden tohtori'' – Doctor of Administrative Sciences *''Kasvatustieteen tohtori'' – Doctor of Philosophy (Education) *''Kauppatieteiden tohtori'' – Doctor of Science (Economics and Business Administration) *''Kuvataiteen tohtori'' – Doctor of Fine Arts *''Liikuntatieteiden tohtori'' – Doctor of Philosophy (Sport and Health Sciences) *''Lääketieteen tohtori'' – Doctor of Medical Science *''Maatalous- ja metsätieteiden tohtori'' – Doctor of Science (Agriculture and Forestry) *''Musiikin tohtori'' – Doctor of Music *''Oikeustieteen tohtori'' – Doctor of Laws *''Psykologian tohtori'' – Doctor of Psychology *''Taiteen tohtori'' – Doctor of Arts (Art and Design) *''Tanssitaiteen tohtori'' – Doctor of Arts (Dance) *''Teatteritaiteen tohtori'' – Doctor of Arts (Theater and Drama) *''Tekniikan tohtori'' – Doctor of Science (Technology) or Doctor of Science (Architecture) *''Teologian tohtori'' – Doctor of Theology *''Terveystieteiden tohtori'' – Doctor of Health Sciences *''Valtiotieteiden tohtori'' – Doctor of Social Sciences *''Yhteiskuntatieteiden tohtori'' – Doctor of Social Sciences

France

* ''Doctorat'':

Ph.D. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...

equivalent. Traditional mentions are : ** ''Doctorat ès lettres'':

Doctorate of Letters Doctor of Letters (D.Litt., Litt.D., Latin: ' or ') is a terminal degree in the humanities that, depending on the country, is a higher doctorate after the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree or equivalent to a higher doctorate, such as the Doctor ...

. ** ''Doctorat ès sciences'':

Doctorate of Science Doctor of Science ( la, links=no, Scientiae Doctor), usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D., or D.S., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries, "Doctor of Science" is the degree used f ...

. ** ''Doctorat en droit'';

Doctorate of Laws A Doctor of Law is a degree in law. The application of the term varies from country to country and includes degrees such as the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D), Juris Doctor (J.D.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and Legum Doctor (LL. ...

. * ''Diplôme d'État de docteur'' (State Degree of Doctor):

professional doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''li ...

equivalent. ** ''Diplôme d'État de chirurgien dentiste'': Doctor of Dental Surgery. ** ''Diplôme d’État de docteur en médecine'':

. ** ''Diplôme d'État de docteur en pharmacie'':

Doctor of Pharmacy A Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD; New Latin: ''Pharmaciae Doctor'') is a professional doctorate in pharmacy. In some countries, it is a doctoral degree to practice the profession of pharmacy or to become a clinical pharmacist. In many countries the ...

. ** ''Diplôme d'État de docteur vétérinaire'':

. * Until 1984 existed a

higher doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...

called ''Doctorat d'État'' and a junior doctorate called ''Doctorat de troisième cycle''.

Germany

* Dr. h.c. (''Doctor honoris causa'' - honorary doctor), but: Dr.-Ing. E.h. (German: ehrenhalber) *

Dr.-Ing. The Doktoringenieur (acronym Dr.-Ing., also ''Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften'') is the German engineering doctorate degree, comparable to the Doctor of Engineering, Engineering Doctorate, Doctor of Science (Engineering), Doctor of Science ...

(''Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften'' -

engineering Engineering is the use of scientific method, scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad rang ...

, sometimes

Computer Science Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to Applied science, practical discipli ...

) *

Dr. iur. Legum Doctor (Latin: “teacher of the laws”) (LL.D.) or, in English, Doctor of Laws, is a doctorate-level academic degree in law or an honorary degree, depending on the jurisdiction. The double “L” in the abbreviation refers to the earl ...

(''Doctor iuris'' -

law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...

), also: Dr. jur. although this is not the correct spelling * Dr. iur. utr. (''Doctor iuris utriusque'' - both Laws, secular and Canon Law, "Doktor beider Rechte" (weltliches und kanonisches Recht)) * Dr. habil. (''Doctor habilitatus'' - professorial qualification, higher doctorate awarded to candidates who finished the

habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in many European countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excellence in research, teaching and further education, usually including a ...

) * Dr. oec. pub. (''Doctor œconomiae publicae'' -

business administration Business administration, also known as business management, is the administration of a commercial enterprise. It includes all aspects of overseeing and supervising the business operations of an organization. From the point of view of management ...

("Betriebswirtschaftslehre") or macro- and micro-

economics Economics () is the social science that studies the Production (economics), production, distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and intera ...

("Volkswirtschaftslehre")) * Dr. theol. (''Doctor theologiae'' -

theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

) * Dr. paed. (''Doctor paed.'' -

education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Va ...

("Doktor der Pädagogik")) *

Dr. phil. A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...

(''Doctor philosophiae'' - most of the

humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture. In the Renaissance, the term contrasted with divinity and referred to what is now called classics, the main area of secular study in universities at the t ...

) * Dr. rer. medic. and Dr. med. sci.(''Doctor rerum medicinalium'' - "Doktor der Medizinwissenschaften", Doctor of Medical Science) * Dr. rer. physiol. (''Doctor rerum physiologicarum'' - Doctor of Biomedicine and or Human Biology) * Dr. rer. nat. (''Doctor rerum naturalium'' - literally "Doctor of natural things" - all

natural sciences Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatab ...

mathematics Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained, and quantities and their changes. These topics are represented in modern mathematics ...

and

computer science Computer science is the study of computation, automation, and information. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, information theory, and automation) to Applied science, practical discipli ...

) * Dr. rer. biol. hum. (''rerum biologiae humanae'') - "Doctor of Human Biology" * Dr. rer. soc. (''Doctor rerum socialium.'' -

social sciences Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the field of sociology, the original "science of soci ...

("Doktor der Sozialwissenschaften")) *

Dr. rer. pol. A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...

(''Doctor rerum politicarum'' -

sociology Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. It uses various methods of Empirical ...

and related subjects) *

Dr. med. Doctor Medicinae, also spelled Doctor Medicinæ and abbreviated Dr. Med., is a higher doctoral degree (a research doctorate) in medicine awarded by universities in Denmark and formerly in Norway. It is officially translated as Doctor of Medical S ...

(''Doctor medicinae'' -

medicine Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health. Medicine encompasses a variety of health care pract ...

), also Dr. med. dent. for dentists and Dr. med. vet. for veterinarians

Ireland

* Doctor of Governance (DGov)

Pakistan

(MD) *

(PharmD) *

(PhD) *

(DSc) *

(DVM) * Doctor of Nutrition and Dietetics (DND) * Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) *

Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan The Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons (FCPS) is a fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) who holds a professional qualification (fellowship) awarded after completing specialized training in a selected area of spe ...

(FCPS) *

doctor of optometry Optometry is a specialized health care profession that involves examining the eyes and related structures for defects or abnormalities. Optometrists are health care professionals who typically provide comprehensive primary eye care. In the Uni ...

(OD)

South Africa

:''See:

List of universities in South Africa This is a list of universities in South Africa. For the purposes of this list, colleges and universities are defined as accredited, degree-granting, tertiary institutions. As at September 2022, only South African public degree-granting instituti ...

'' *

(PhD or DPhil) offered at Traditional Universities *

(DEng or DIng) offered at Traditional Universities *

(DSc) offered at Traditional Universities; may be the

Higher doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''l ...

in Science *

Doctor of Business Administration The Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) is either a professional doctorate or a research doctorate, depending on the granting university, awarded on the basis of advanced study, examinations, project work, and research in business administrati ...

(DBA) Offered at Business Schools *

Doctor of Literature and Philosophy The Doctor of Literature and Philosophy, or ''DLitt et Phil'', is a doctoral advanced research degree offered by a number of leading universities in South Africa, such as UJ, the University of Johannesburg; and UNISA, the University of South Africa. ...

(DLitt et Phil) offered at the

University of South Africa The University of South Africa (UNISA), known colloquially as Unisa, is the largest university system in South Africa by enrollment. It attracts a third of all higher education students in South Africa. Through various colleges and affiliates, U ...

and other formerly Afrikaans Universities *

Doctor of Technology The Doctor of Technology (abbreviated variously in different countries) is a degree normally conferred upon candidates after having completed a course of study in technology and a dissertation or a project of lengthy duration in a technologically r ...

(DTech, also "Doctor Technologiae") offered at the

Universities of Technology An institute of technology (also referred to as: technological university, technical university, university of technology, technological educational institute, technical college, polytechnic university or just polytechnic) is an institution of te ...

Doctor of Laws A Doctor of Law is a degree in law. The application of the term varies from country to country and includes degrees such as the Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D. or S.J.D), Juris Doctor (J.D.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), and Legum Doctor (LL. ...

(LLD) offered at South African Law schools; at some, the Higher doctorate in Law - see Doctor of Law #South Africa

Sri Lanka

(PhD or DPhil) *

(DSc) *

(LLD) *

Doctor of Letters Doctor of Letters (D.Litt., Litt.D., Latin: ' or ') is a terminal degree in the humanities that, depending on the country, is a higher doctorate after the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree or equivalent to a higher doctorate, such as the Doctor ...

(DLitt) *

(MD) *

(DBA)

United Kingdom

First doctorates

Graduate-entry degrees in which the candidate must prepare (usually over a period of three or four years full-time, under the supervision of a more experienced researcher) a thesis or other portfolio of publishable research, demonstrating a contribution to knowledge in the chosen field. The

Quality Assurance Agency The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) is the independent body that checks on standards and quality in UK higher education. It conducts quality assessment reviews, develops reference points and guidance for providers, and condu ...

categorises doctorates into three types: "subject specialist doctorates", "doctorates by publication", and "professional and practice-based (or practitioner) doctorates". Doctorates in the last category, such as the EdD, DClinPsych, DBA and EngD, have a greater emphasis on applied research and professional practice, however they still contain a substantial research component.

Subject specialist doctorates

(PhD or DPhil) *

Engineering Doctorate Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specializ ...

(EngD) * European Doctorate (DocEuro) * Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA)

Doctorates by publication

by publication or by published works (PhD or DPhil)

Professional and practice-based (or practitioner) doctorates

Generic titles: * Doctor of Work-based Learning (DProf) * Professional Doctorate (ProfDoc, DProf or Prof.D) * Doctor of Professional Practice/Doctorate in Professional Practice (DProf) *

Doctor of Professional Studies The Doctor of Professional Studies (or sometimes awarded as Doctorate in Professional Practice) (most commonly DProf, but also available as DProfSt, ProfD and DPS) is a doctoral degree for experienced professionals who wish to undertake a program ...

(DProf or DPS) Health, Medicine and related subjects: * Professional Doctorate in Advanced Healthcare Practice (DAHP) * Doctor of Applied Education and Child Psychology (Ap.Ed and ChildPsy D) * Doctor of Applied Educational Psychology (Professional Training) (DAppEdPsy) * Doctor of Applied Psychology (Education) (DAppPsyEd) *

Doctor of Clinical Psychology The degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy/DClinPsych/ClinPsyD) is a professional doctorate in clinical psychology, awarded mainly in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The degree has both clinical and research components, and qualifies th ...

(DClinPsy or DClinPsych) * Doctor of Clinical Science–Psychotherapy (DClinSci–Psychotherapy) * Doctor of Counselling Psychology (DCounsPsy) * Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) * Doctor of Dental Science (DDSc) * Doctor of Educational Psychology (DEdPsy) * Doctor of Forensic Psychology Practice (Foren.Psy.D or DForenPsy) * Doctor of Health Research (DHRes) * Doctor of Health Science (HScD) ** Doctor of Health Science (Clinical) (HScD (Clin)) * Doctor of Health Studies (DHS) *

(MD or MD (Res)) (In most universities this degree is a first doctorate, although some classify it as a higher doctorate.) * Doctor of Occupational Psychology (DOccPsych) * Doctor of Psychology (DPsych) * Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) * Professional Doctorate in Workplace Health and Wellbeing (DocWHW) Other subjects: * Doctor of Architecture (DArch) * Professional Doctorate in Architecture, Design and Built Environment (DArch) * Professional Doctorate in Agriculture and Food (DAgriFood) *

(DBA) * Doctor of the Built Environment (DBEnv) * Doctor in Civil Engineering (EngD) * Doctor in Construction (EngD) * Doctor of Construction Management (DConsMgt) * Doctorate in Creative Arts (DCreative) * Professional Doctorate in Criminal Justice (DCrimJ) * Professional Doctorate in Security Risk Management (DSyRM) * Doctorate in Criminology and Criminal Justice (DCCJ) * Professional Doctorate in Applied Criminology (DAppCrim) * Professional Doctorate in Data Science (DDataSci) * Doctorate in Design/Doctor of Design (DDes) * Doctor of Digital Media (DDM) *

/Professional Doctorate in Education (EdD) *

(EngD or DEng) * Doctor of Fashion Industry (DFI) * Doctor of Fine Art (DArt) * Doctorate in Fine Arts/Doctor of Fine Art (DFA) * Doctorate in Heritage (DHeritage) * Doctor of Legal Practice (DLegalPrac) * Professional Doctorate in Applied Linguistics (DAppLing) *

Doctor of Management The Doctor of Management (DM or DMgt) is an applied research doctorate (or professional practice doctorate) with a degree focus in management, leadership, and organizational topics."

(DMan) *

Doctor of Ministry The Doctor of Ministry (abbreviated DMin or D.Min.) is a professional doctorate, often including a research component, that may be earned by a minister of religion while concurrently engaged in some form of ministry. It is categorized as an advanced ...

(DMin) * Doctorate in Music (DMus) * Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA or AMusD) *

Doctor of Practical Theology The Doctor of Practical Theology (DPT, DPTh) is a professional doctorate developed for those seeking to apply theological principles to their professional practice. It should not be confused with a Doctor of Philosophy in Practical Theology such ...

(DPT) * Doctor of Public Management (DPM) * Doctor of Public Policy (DPP) * Professional Doctorate in Policy Research and Practice (DPRP) * Doctor of Real Estate (DRealEst) * Professional Doctorate in Security Risk Management (DSyRM) * Doctor of Social and Public Policy (SPPD) * Doctor of Social Practice (DSocPrac) * Doctor of Social Science/Doctorate in Social science (DSocSci) *

Doctor of Social Work The Doctor of Social Work (DSW) is a professional doctorate in social work, it is the highest academic award available in the field of social work, and most offer advanced training in a professional area of practice including but not limited to; n ...

(DSW) * Doctorate in Sport and Exercise (DSE) *

Doctor of Theology Doctor of Theology ( la, Doctor Theologiae, abbreviated DTh, ThD, DTheol, or Dr. theol.) is a terminal degree in the academic discipline of theology. The ThD, like the ecclesiastical Doctor of Sacred Theology, is an advanced research degree equiva ...

(Th.D.) * Professional Doctorate in Pastoral Theology (DPT) * Doctor of Practical Theology (DPT) * Professional Doctorate in Practical Theology (DPracTheol or DThM) * Professional Doctorate in Veterinary Science (DVet) * Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) * Doctor of Veterinary Science (DVet Med, DVSc or DVS)

Higher doctorates

Higher doctorates are awarded to established academics in recognition of a substantial body of original research undertaken over the course of many years. Typically, the candidate will submit a collection of work which has been previously published in a peer-reviewed context and/or as specialist textbooks and pay an examination fee. The university then assembles a committee of academics, both internal and external, who review the work submitted and decide whether the candidate has satisfied the requirements for the award. * Doctor of Arts (DArts) *

Doctor of Civil Law Doctor of Civil Law (DCL; la, Legis Civilis Doctor or Juris Civilis Doctor) is a degree offered by some universities, such as the University of Oxford, instead of the more common Doctor of Laws (LLD) degrees. At Oxford, the degree is a higher ...

(DCL) * Doctor of Design (DDes) (Also offered as a professional doctorate.) *

Doctor of Divinity A Doctor of Divinity (D.D. or DDiv; la, Doctor Divinitatis) is the holder of an advanced academic degree in divinity. In the United Kingdom, it is considered an advanced doctoral degree. At the University of Oxford, doctors of divinity are ran ...

(DD) *

(LLD) *

(DLitt or LittD) *

(DLit) ** Doctor of Literature (Education) (DLit (Ed)) *

(DM) (This is more commonly a doctorate by thesis, similar to the PhD; it remains a higher doctorate formally at Oxford but an enquiry in 2016 has recommended that this be changed. Note that the first professional medical degree in the UK is the

Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery ( la, Medicinae Baccalaureus, Baccalaureus Chirurgiae; abbreviated most commonly MBBS), is the primary medical degree awarded by medical schools in countries that follow the tradition of the United King ...

.) * Doctor of Medical Science (DMedSc of MedScD) * Doctor of Dental Science (DDSc) *

(DMus or MusD) *

(DSc or ScD) ** Doctor of Science (Economics) (DSc (Econ)) ** Doctor of Science (Engineering) (DSc (Eng)) ** Doctor of Science (Medicine) (DSc (Med)) ** Doctor of Science (Social Sciences) (DSc(SocSc)) *

(DTech) *

(DEng) Higher doctorates can also be awarded as honorary degrees, but these are differentiated from the equivalent degrees earned by presenting a body of work to be reviewed.

Honorary doctorates

All levels of degree - though usually of master's level and above - can be awarded as

s. However, some universities have a degree which is only awarded ''honoris causa'': *

Doctor of the University An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements. It is also known by the Latin phrases ''honoris causa'' ("for the sake of the honour") or ''ad hon ...

(DUniv)

No longer awarded

Doctor of Canon Law Doctor of Canon Law ( la, Juris Canonici Doctor, JCD) is the doctoral-level terminal degree in the studies of canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. It can also be an honorary degree awarded by Anglican colleges. It may also be abbreviated ICD ...

(DCanL) – did not survive the

Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...

. * Doctor of Hygiene (DHy) – awarded by

Durham University , mottoeng = Her foundations are upon the holy hills (Psalm 87:1) , established = (university status) , type = Public , academic_staff = 1,830 (2020) , administrative_staff = 2,640 (2018/19) , chancellor = Sir Thomas Allen , vice_chan ...

and subsequently by

Newcastle University Newcastle University (legally the University of Newcastle upon Tyne) is a UK public university, public research university based in Newcastle upon Tyne, North East England. It has overseas campuses in Singapore and Malaysia. The university is ...

United States

Research degrees

The National Science Foundation recognizes the following as research degrees: *

(DA) *

(DBA) *

(JCD) *

(DDes) * Doctor of Engineering or Engineering Science (DEng, DESc, DES) *

(EdD) *

Doctor of Fine Arts Doctor of Fine Arts (D.F.A.) is a doctoral degree in fine arts, may be given as an honorary degree (a degree ''honoris causa'') or an earned professional degree (in the UK). Description Doctoral programmes leading to DFAs are of equivalent level ...

(DFA.) * Doctor of Hebrew Letters (DHL) *

Doctor of Juridical Science A Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD; ), or a Doctor of Science of Law (JSD; ), is a research doctorate in law equivalent to the more commonly awarded Doctor of Philosophy degree. Australia The S.J.D. is offered by the Australian National Unive ...

(JSD, SJD) *

Doctor of Musical Arts The Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA) is a doctoral academic degree in music. The DMA combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually music performance, music composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in ...

(DMA) * Doctor of Music Education (DME) *

Doctor of Modern Languages Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college in Middlebury, Vermont. Founded in 1800 by Congregationalists, Middlebury was the first operating college or university in Vermont. The college currently enrolls 2,858 undergraduates from all 5 ...

(DML) *

Doctor of Nursing Science The Doctor of Nursing Science (D.N.S. or D.N.Sc.) is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world as a terminal research degree in nursing. The title of this degree varies with the collegiate institution which ...

(DNSc) *

Doctor of Nursing Practice The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is a professional degree in nursing. In the United States, the DNP is one of three doctorate degrees in nursing, the others being the research degrees PhD and the Doctor of Nursing Science. Internationally, ...

(DNP) *

(PhD) * Doctor of Public Health (DrPH) *

Doctor of Sacred Theology The Doctor of Sacred Theology ( la, Sacrae Theologiae Doctor, abbreviated STD), also sometimes known as Professor of Sacred Theology (, abbreviated STP), is the final theological degree in the pontifical university system of the Catholic Church, ...

(STD) * Doctor of Health Sciences (DHSc, or HScD) *

(DSc, ScD) *

(Th.D.)

Professional degrees

* Doctor of Acupuncture (D.Ac., D.Acu.) * Doctor of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (D.A.O.M.) * Doctor of Anesthesia Practice (Dr.AP) * Doctor of Applied Science (D.A.S.) *

Doctor of Architecture Doctor of Architecture (D Arch) is a title accorded to students who have completed a degree program accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board. The only university currently offering a Doctor of Architecture degree is the Universit ...

(D.Arch.) * Doctor of Athletic Training (D.A.T.) *

Doctor of Audiology The Doctor of Audiology (AuD) is a professional degree for an audiologist. The AuD program is designed to produce audiologists who are skilled in providing diagnostic, rehabilitative, and other services associated with hearing, balance, tinnitus ...

(Au.D) * Doctor of Behavioral Health (D * Doctor of Chemistry (D.Chem.) *

Doctor of Chiropractic Chiropractic education trains students in chiropractic. The entry criteria, structure, teaching methodology and nature of chiropractic programs offered at chiropractic schools vary considerably around the world. Students are trained in academic ar ...

(D.C.) * Doctor of Church Music (D.C.M.) *

Doctor of Clinical Nutrition Doctor or The Doctor may refer to: Personal titles * Doctor (title), the holder of an accredited academic degree * A medical practitioner, including: ** Physician ** Surgeon ** Dentist ** Veterinary physician ** Optometrist *Other roles ...

(D.C.N.) * Doctor of Clinical Science in Speech-Language Pathology (CScD) * Doctor of Comparative Law (D.C.L.) *

(D.C.L.) * Doctor of Computer Science (D.C.S.) *

Doctor of Criminal Justice The Doctor of Criminal Justice (D.C.J.) is a doctoral degree in the field of criminal justice. As a terminal degree, it prepares the holder for administrative, research, academic or professional positions in the criminal justice field at both publi ...

(D.C.J.) * Doctor of Criminology (D.Crim.) *

(Divinitatis Doctor) (D.D.) *

Doctor of Dental Medicine Doctor or The Doctor may refer to: Personal titles * Doctor (title), the holder of an accredited academic degree * A medical practitioner, including: ** Physician ** Surgeon ** Dentist ** Veterinary physician ** Optometrist *Other roles ** ...

(D.M.D.) * Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.) * Doctor of Environmental Science and Engineering (D.Env.) * Doctor of Forestry (D.F.) * Doctor of Geological Science (D.G.S.) *

Doctor of Health Administration The Doctor of Health Administration (D.H.A.) is a doctoral degree focused with the development of theoretical knowledge in health administration and on the applied application of the said knowledge in the field of health administration. The D.H.A. ...

(D.H.A.) * Doctor of Health and Safety (D.H.S.) * Doctor of Health Education (D.H.Ed) * Doctor of Hebrew Literature/Letters (D.H.L.) *

Doctor of Health Science The Doctor of Health Science (DHSc or DHS) is a post-professional academic doctoral degree for those who intend to pursue or advance a professional practice career in Health Sciences and Health Care Delivery Systems, which can include clinical prac ...

(D.H.Sc., D.H.S.) * Doctor of Hebrew Studies (D.H.S.) *

Doctor of Humane Letters The degree of Doctor of Humane Letters (; DHumLitt; DHL; or LHD) is an honorary degree awarded to those who have distinguished themselves through humanitarian and philanthropic contributions to society. The criteria for awarding the degree differ ...

(D.Hum.Litt.) *

Doctor of Industrial Technology The Doctor of Technology (abbreviated variously in different countries) is a degree normally conferred upon candidates after having completed a course of study in technology and a dissertation or a project of lengthy duration in a technologically r ...

(D.I.T.) *

Doctor of Information Technology The Doctor of Information Technology (DIT) is a research-oriented professional doctoral degree offered by some universities. It is of the same academic level as traditional PhD; however, DIT research focuses more on industry practice than on theo ...

(D.I.T.) * Doctor of International Affairs (D.I.A.) *

Juris Doctor The Juris Doctor (J.D. or JD), also known as Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.D., JD, D.Jur., or DJur), is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. The J.D. is the standard degree obtained to practice law ...

(J.D.) * Doctor of Law and Policy (L.P.D., D.L.P.) *

Doctor of Liberal Studies The Doctor of Liberal Studies degree, abbreviated (D.L.S.), for the Latin Doctor Liberalium Studiorum, is an advanced academic degree offered by Georgetown University, Southern Methodist University, University of Memphis and other research unive ...

(D.L.S.) * Doctor of Library Science (D.L.S.) *

(D.M.) * Doctor of Medical Humanities (D.M.H.) * Doctor of Medical Physics (D.M.P) * Doctor of Medical Science (D.M.Sc., DMSc) *

(M.D.) *

(D.Min.) *

Doctor of Missiology The Doctor of Missiology (abbreviated DMiss or D.Miss.) is a doctoral degree in the field of missiology. North America The Doctor of Missiology (DMiss) is an advanced theological degree offered by a number of universities, divinity schools, and s ...

(D.Miss) *

(D.M., D.Mus.) * Doctor of Music Therapy (D.M.T.) * Doctor of Naprapathic Medicine (D.N.) * Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (N.D., N.M.D.) *

(D.N.P.) * Doctor of Occupational Therapy (O.T.D., D.O.T.) *

Doctor of Optometry Optometry is a specialized health care profession that involves examining the eyes and related structures for defects or abnormalities. Optometrists are health care professionals who typically provide comprehensive primary eye care. In the Uni ...

(O.D.) * Doctor of Oriental Medicine (D.O.M., O.M.D.) *

Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO or D.O., or in Australia DO USA) is a medical degree conferred by the 38 osteopathic medical schools in the United States. DO and Doctor of Medicine (MD) degrees are equivalent: a DO graduate may become licens ...

(D.O.) * Doctor of Pastoral Counseling (D.PC) * Doctor of Professional Counseling (D.P.C.) * Doctor of Pastoral Music (D.P.M.) *

(Pharm.D.) * Doctor of Physical Education (D.P.E.) *

Doctor of Physical Therapy A Doctor of Physical Therapy or Doctor of Physiotherapy (DPT) degree is a qualifying degree in physical therapy. In the United States, it is considered a graduate-level first professional degree or doctorate degree for professional practice. In the ...

(D.P.T.s) *

Doctor of Podiatric Medicine A podiatrist ( ) is a medical professional devoted to the treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and related structures of the leg. The term originated in North America but has now become the accepted term in the English-speaking world for ...

(D.P.M.) *

(D.P.T., D.Th.P.) *

(D.P.S.) *

(Psy.D) *

Doctor of Public Administration The Doctor of Public Administration (D.P.A.) is a terminal applied-research doctoral degree in the field of public administration (a part of public service). The D.P.A. requires significant coursework beyond the masters level and a dissertation ...

(D.P.A.) * Doctor of Recreation (D.Rec., D.R.) * Doctor of Rehabilitation (Rh.D.) *

Doctor of Sacred Music Doctor or The Doctor may refer to: Personal titles * Doctor (title), the holder of an accredited academic degree * A medical practitioner, including: ** Physician ** Surgeon ** Dentist ** Veterinary physician ** Optometrist *Other roles ** ...

(D.S.M.) * Doctor of Science in Dentistry (D.Sc.D.) * Doctor of Science and Hygiene (D.Sc.H.) * Doctor of Science in Veterinary Medicine (D.Sc.V.M.) * Doctor of the Science of Law (J.S.D.) *

(D.S.Sc.) *

(D.S.W.) * Doctor of Transformational Leadership (D.T.L.) *

(D.V.M.) * Doctor of Worship Studies (D.W.S)

References

{{reflist Doctoral degrees