There are many different types of

cell Cell most often refers to: * Cell (biology), the functional basic unit of life Cell may also refer to: Locations * Monastic cell, a small room, hut, or cave in which a religious recluse lives, alternatively the small precursor of a monastery ...

s in the human body.

Cells derived primarily from endoderm

Exocrine secretory epithelial cells

* Brunner's gland cell in duodenum (

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

s and

alkaline mucus Alkaline mucus is a thick fluid produced by animals which confers tissue protection in an acidic environment, such as in the stomach. Properties Mucus that serves a protective function against acidic environments generally has a high viscosity, ...

) *Insulated goblet cell of

respiratory The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies grea ...

and digestive tracts (mucus secretion) *Stomach **

Foveolar cell Foveolar cells or surface mucous cells are mucus-producing cells which cover the inside of the stomach, protecting it from the corrosive nature of gastric acid. These cells line the gastric mucosa (mucous neck cells are found in the necks of the ...

(mucus secretion) **

Chief cell In human anatomy, there are three types of chief cells, the gastric chief cell, the parathyroid chief cell, and the type 1 chief cells found in the carotid body. Cell types The gastric chief cell (also known as a zymogenic cell or peptic cell) i ...

( pepsinogen secretion) **

Parietal cell Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) are epithelial cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and body regions of the s ...

(

hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride. It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid Acid strength is the tendency of an acid, symbol ...

secretion) * Pancreatic acinar cell (

bicarbonate In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. It is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula . Bicarbonate serves a crucial biochemic ...

and

digestive enzyme Digestive enzymes are a group of enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption into the cells of the body. Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tracts of anima ...

secretion) *

Paneth cell Paneth cells are cells in the small intestine epithelium, alongside goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells. Some can also be found in the cecum and appendix. They are below the intestinal stem cells in the intestinal glands (al ...

of small

intestine The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans ...

(

lysozyme Lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17, muramidase, ''N''-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase; systematic name peptidoglycan ''N''-acetylmuramoylhydrolase) is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system. It is a glycoside ...

secretion) *Type II pneumocyte of

lung The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and most other animals, including some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of t ...

( surfactant secretion) *

Club cell Club cells, also known as bronchiolar exocrine cells, and formerly known as Clara cells, are low columnar/cuboidal cells with short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs. Club cells are found in the ciliated simple epit ...

of lung

Barrier cells

*Type I pneumocyte (lung) * Gall bladder epithelial cell * Centroacinar cell (pancreas) *

Intercalated duct In anatomy and physiology, a duct is a circumscribed channel leading from an exocrine gland or Organ (anatomy), organ. Types of ducts Examples include: Duct system As ducts travel from the acinus which generates the fluid to the target, the du ...

cell (pancreas) *Intestinal

brush border A brush border (striated border or brush border membrane) is the microvilli-covered surface of simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium found in different parts of the body. Microvilli are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and their ...

cell (with microvilli)

Hormone-secreting cells

Enteroendocrine cell Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with endocrine function. They produce gastrointestinal hormones or peptides in response to various stimuli and release them into the bloodstream for systemic eff ...

**K cell (secretes

gastric inhibitory peptide Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), also known as Gastric inhibitory polypeptide or gastric inhibitory peptide (also abbreviated as GIP), is an inhibiting hormone of the secretin family of hormones. While it is a weak inhibitor ...

) **L cell (secretes

glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30- or 31-amino-acid-long peptide hormone deriving from the tissue-specific posttranslational processing of the proglucagon peptide. It is produced and secreted by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and cert ...

, peptide YY_3-36,

oxyntomodulin Oxyntomodulin (often abbreviated OXM) is a naturally occurring 37-amino acid peptide hormone found in the colon, produced by the oxyntic (fundic) cells of the oxyntic (fundic) mucosa. It has been found to suppress appetite. The mechanism of actio ...

, and

glucagon-like peptide-2 Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33 amino acid peptide with the sequence HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITD (see Proteinogenic amino acid) in humans. GLP-2 is created by specific post-translational proteolytic cleavage of proglucagon in a process ...

) **I cell (secretes

cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin (CCK or CCK-PZ; from Greek ''chole'', "bile"; ''cysto'', "sac"; ''kinin'', "move"; hence, ''move the bile-sac (gallbladder)'') is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and ...

(CCK)) **G cell (secretes

gastrin Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. It is released by G cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas. Gastrin ...

) **

Enterochromaffin cell Enterochromaffin (EC) cells (also known as Kulchitsky cells) are a type of enteroendocrine cell, and neuroendocrine cell. They reside alongside the epithelium lining the lumen of the digestive tract and play a crucial role in gastrointestinal reg ...

(secretes

serotonin Serotonin () or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Its biological function is complex and multifaceted, modulating mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vas ...

) **

Enterochromaffin-like cell Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cell found in the gastric glands of the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, in particular in the vicinity of parietal cells, that aid in the production of gastric acid via t ...

(secretes

histamine Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses, as well as regulating physiological functions in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. Since histamine was discovered ...

) **N cell (secretes

neurotensin Neurotensin is a 13 amino acid neuropeptide that is implicated in the regulation of luteinizing hormone and prolactin release and has significant interaction with the dopaminergic system. Neurotensin was first isolated from extracts of bovine ...

) **S cell (secretes secretin) **D cell (secretes somatostatin) **Mo cell (or M cell) (secretes

motilin Motilin is a 22-amino acid polypeptide hormone in the motilin family that, in humans, is encoded by the ''MLN'' gene. Motilin is secreted by endocrine Mo cells (also referred to as M cells, which are not the same as the M cells, or microfold c ...

) **other hormones secreted:

vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive intestinal peptide, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine. VIP is a peptide of 28 amino acid residues that belongs to a glucagon/secretin superfamily, the lig ...

substance P Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide (a peptide composed of a chain of 11 amino acid residues) and a member of the tachykinin neuropeptide family. It is a neuropeptide, acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator. Substance P and its clo ...

alpha Alpha (uppercase , lowercase ; grc, ἄλφα, ''álpha'', or ell, άλφα, álfa) is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of one. Alpha is derived from the Phoenician letter aleph , whic ...

and

gamma-endorphin γ-Endorphin (''gamma''-endorphin) is an opioid peptide that is characterized by the presence of 17 amino acids. The first 16 amino acids are identical to α-endorphin; leucine added at the end. In addition, γ-endorphin is identical to the fir ...

bombesin Bombesin is a 14-amino acid peptide originally isolated from the skin of the European fire-bellied toad (''Bombina bombina'') by Vittorio Erspamer ''et al.'' and named after its source. NIHMSID 45053. It has two known homologs in mammals called ...

Thyroid gland The thyroid, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans it is in the neck and consists of two connected lobe (anatomy), lobes. The lower two thirds of the lobes are connected by a thin band of Connective tissue, tissue cal ...

cells **

Thyroid epithelial cell Thyroid follicular cells (also called thyroid epithelial cells or thyrocytes) are the major cell type in the thyroid gland, and are responsible for the production and secretion of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). They ...

Parafollicular cell Parafollicular cells, also called C cells, are neuroendocrine cells in the thyroid. The primary function of these cells is to secrete calcitonin. They are located adjacent to the thyroid follicles and reside in the connective tissue. These cells a ...

Parathyroid gland Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, located on the back of the thyroid gland in variable locations. The parathyroid gland produces and secretes pa ...

cells **

Parathyroid chief cell Parathyroid chief cells (also called parathyroid principal cells or simply parathyroid cells, C-cells, or parafollicular cells) are one of the two cell types of the parathyroid glands, along with oxyphil cells. The chief cells are much more preva ...

** Oxyphil cell *

Pancreatic islets The pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (hormone-producing) cells, discovered in 1869 by German pathological anatomist Paul Langerhans. The pancreatic islets constitute 1–2% o ...

(islets of Langerhans) ** Alpha cell (secretes glucagon) **

Beta cell Beta cells (β-cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells make up 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, beta-cell mass and function are dimini ...

(secretes

insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism o ...

and

amylin Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone. It is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells in the ratio of approximately 100:1 (insulin:amylin). Amylin plays a role in glycemic regulation by sl ...

) **

Delta cell Delta cells (δ-cells or D cells) are somatostatin-producing cells. They can be found in the stomach, intestine and the pancreatic islets. Delta cells comprise ca 5% of the cells in the islets but may interact with many more islet cells than sug ...

(secretes somatostatin) **

Epsilon cell Epsilon cells (ε-cells) are one of the five types of endocrine Cell (biology), cells found in regions of the pancreas called Islets of Langerhans. Epsilon cells produce the hormone ghrelin that induces hunger. They were first discovered in mice. I ...

(secretes

ghrelin Ghrelin (; or lenomorelin, INN) is a hormone produced by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, and is often called a "hunger hormone" because it increases the drive to eat. Blood levels of ghrelin are hi ...

) **

PP cell Pancreatic polypeptide cells (PP cells), or formerly as gamma cells (γ-cells), or F cells, are cells in the pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas. Their main role is to help synthesize and regulate the release of pancreatic pol ...

(gamma cell) (secretes

pancreatic polypeptide Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas. It regulates pancreatic secretion activities, and also impacts liver glycogen storage and gastrointestinal secretion. Its secretion may be impacted by ...

)

Cells derived primarily from ectoderm

Exocrine secretory epithelial cells

Salivary gland The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. Humans have three paired major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual), as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands. Salivary gla ...

mucous cell *

serous cell *

Von Ebner's gland Von Ebner's glands, also called Ebner's glands or gustatory glands, are exocrine glands found in the mouth. More specifically, they are serous salivary glands which reside adjacent to the moats surrounding the circumvallate and foliate papillae ju ...

cell in tongue (washes

taste bud Taste buds contain the taste receptor cells, which are also known as gustatory cells. The taste receptors are located around the small structures known as lingual papillae, papillae found on the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper e ...

s) *

Mammary gland A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring. Mammals get their name from the Latin word ''mamma'', "breast". The mammary glands are arranged in organs such as the breasts in primat ...

cell (

milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfed human infants) before they are able to digestion, digest solid food. Immune factors and immune ...

secretion) * Lacrimal gland cell ( tear secretion) *

Ceruminous gland Ceruminous glands are specialized sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) located subcutaneously in the external auditory canal, in the outer 1/3. Ceruminous glands are simple, coiled, tubular glands made up of an inner secretory layer of cells and an ...

cell in

ear An ear is the organ that enables hearing and, in mammals, body balance using the vestibular system. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts—the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of ...

(

earwax Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a brown, orange, red, yellowish or gray waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals. It protects the skin of the human ear canal, assists in cleaning and lubrication, ...

secretion) * Eccrine sweat gland dark cell (glycoprotein secretion) * Eccrine sweat gland clear cell (small molecule secretion) * Apocrine sweat gland cell (odoriferous secretion, sex-hormone sensitive) * Gland of Moll cell in eyelid (specialized sweat gland) *

Sebaceous gland A sebaceous gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals. In humans, sebaceous glands occur in the greatest nu ...

cell (lipid-rich

sebum A sebaceous gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals. In humans, sebaceous glands occur in the greatest nu ...

secretion) *

Bowman's gland Olfactory glands, also known as Bowman's glands, are a type of nasal gland situated in the olfactory mucosa, beneath the olfactory epithelium, in the lamina propria, a connective tissue also containing fibroblasts, blood vessels and bundles of fi ...

cell in

nose A nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which receive and expel air for respiration alongside the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes th ...

(washes

olfactory The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived. The sense of smell has many functions, including detecting desirable foods, hazards, and pheromones, and plays a role in taste. In humans, it ...

epithelium)

Hormone-secreting cells

*Anterior/Intermediate

pituitary In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland, about the size of a chickpea and weighing, on average, in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The hypop ...

cells **

Corticotrope Corticotropes (or corticotrophs) are basophilic cells in the anterior pituitary that produce pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) which undergoes cleavage to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), β-lipotropin (β-LPH), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). Thes ...

s **

Gonadotrope Gonadotropic cells (called also Gonadotropes or Gonadotrophs or Delta Cells or Delta basophils) are endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary that produce the gonadotropins, such as the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormon ...

s ** Lactotropes ** Melanotropes **

Somatotrope Somatotropes (from the Greek ''sōmat'' meaning "body" and ''tropikós'' meaning "of or pertaining to a turn or change") are cells in the anterior pituitary that produce growth hormone. Structure Somatotropic cells constitute about 30−40% of ant ...

s **

Thyrotrope Thyrotropes (also called thyrotrophs) are endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary which produce thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH).Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. (2006) ''Textbook of Medical Physiology ...

s *

Magnocellular neurosecretory cell Magnocellular neurosecretory cells are large neuroendocrine cells within the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. They are also found in smaller numbers in accessory cell groups between these two nuclei, the larges ...

s, secrete

oxytocin Oxytocin (Oxt or OT) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It plays a role in social bonding, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. Oxytocin ...

and

vasopressin Human vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized from the AVP gene as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP. It then travel ...

Parvocellular neurosecretory cell Parvocellular neurosecretory cells are small neurons within paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. The axons of the parvocellular neurosecretory cells of the PVN project to the median eminence, at the base of the brain, where their ne ...

s, secrete

thyrotropin-releasing hormone Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a hypophysiotropic hormone produced by neurons in the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary. TRH has been used clinicall ...

(TRH),

corticotropin-releasing hormone Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticoliberin; corticotropin may also be spelled corticotrophin) is a peptide hormone involved in stress (biology), stress responses. It is a releasing ...

(CRH), vasopressin, oxytocin,

, and

prolactin Prolactin (PRL), also known as lactotropin, is a protein best known for its role in enabling mammals to produce milk. It is influential in over 300 separate processes in various vertebrates, including humans. Prolactin is secreted from the pit ...

Chromaffin cell Chromaffin cells, also called pheochromocytes (or phaeochromocytes), are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals. These cells serve a variety of functions such as serving as a response to stress, monito ...

s (

adrenal gland The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which ...

)

Epithelial cells

Keratinocyte Keratinocytes are the primary type of Cell (biology), cell found in the epidermis (skin), epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. In humans, they constitute 90% of epidermal skin cells. Basal cells in the stratum basale, basal layer (''str ...

(differentiating

epidermal The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water relea ...

cell) *Epidermal basal cell (

stem cell In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They are the earliest type o ...

) *

Melanocyte Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart. ...

* Trichocyte (gives rise to hair and nail cells) ** Medullary hair shaft cell ** Cortical hair shaft cell **

Cuticular A cuticle (), or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Various types of "cuticle" are non- homologous, differing in their origin, structu ...

hair shaft cell **

Huxley's layer Huxley's layer is the second layer of the inner root sheath of the hair and consists of one or two layers of horny, flattened, nucleated cells. It lies between Henle's layer and the cuticle. The layer is named after English biologist Thomas Henry ...

hair root sheath cell **

Henle's layer Henle's layer is the third and the outermost layer of the inner root sheath of the hair follicle, consisting of a single layer of cubical cells with clear flattened nuclei. It is named after German physician, pathologist and anatomist A ...

hair root sheath cell **

Outer root sheath The outer root sheath or external root sheath of the hair follicle encloses the inner root sheath and hair shaft.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005) ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology'' (10th ed.). Saunders. Pag ...

hair cell *Surface epithelial cell of

cornea The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Along with the anterior chamber and lens, the cornea refracts light, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the eye's total optical power ...

tongue The tongue is a muscular organ (anatomy), organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for mastication and swallowing as part of the digestive system, digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surfa ...

mouth In animal anatomy, the mouth, also known as the oral cavity, or in Latin cavum oris, is the opening through which many animals take in food and issue vocal sounds. It is also the cavity lying at the upper end of the alimentary canal, bounded on ...

nasal cavity The nasal cavity is a large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. The nasal septum divides the cavity into two cavities, also known as fossae. Each cavity is the continuation of one of the two nostrils. The nasal c ...

, distal

anal canal The anal canal is the part that connects the rectum to the anus, located below the level of the pelvic diaphragm. It is located within the anal triangle of the perineum, between the right and left ischioanal fossa. As the final functional seg ...

, distal

urethra The urethra (from Greek οὐρήθρα – ''ourḗthrā'') is a tube that connects the urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body of both females and males. In human females and other primates, the urethra con ...

, and distal

vagina In mammals, the vagina is the elastic, muscular part of the female genital tract. In humans, it extends from the vestibule to the cervix. The outer vaginal opening is normally partly covered by a thin layer of mucosal tissue called the hymen ...

*basal cell (stem cell) of cornea, tongue, mouth, nasal cavity, distal anal canal, distal urethra, and distal vagina *

cell (salivary glands) * Striated duct cell (salivary glands) *

Lactiferous duct Lactiferous ducts are ducts that converge and form a branched system connecting the nipple to the lobules of the mammary gland. When lactogenesis occurs, under the influence of hormones, the milk is moved to the nipple by the action of smooth mus ...

cell (mammary glands) *

Ameloblast Ameloblasts are cells present only during tooth development that deposit tooth enamel, which is the hard outermost layer of the tooth forming the surface of the crown. Structure Each ameloblast is a columnar cell approximately 4 micrometers in ...

(deposit

tooth enamel Tooth enamel is one of the four major Tissue (biology), tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many other animals, including some species of fish. It makes up the normally visible part of the tooth, covering the Crown (tooth), crown. The ...

)

Oral cells

Odontoblast In vertebrates, an odontoblast is a cell of neural crest origin that is part of the outer surface of the dental pulp, and whose biological function is dentinogenesis, which is the formation of dentin, the substance beneath the tooth enamel on t ...

(tooth

dentin Dentin () (American English) or dentine ( or ) (British English) ( la, substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth. It is usually covered by ena ...

formation) *

Cementoblast A cementoblast is a biological cell that forms from the follicular cells around the root of a tooth, and whose biological function is cementogenesis, which is the formation of cementum (hard tissue that covers the tooth root). The mechanism of di ...

(tooth

cementum Cementum is a specialized calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. The cementum is the part of the periodontium that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone by anchoring the periodontal ligament.Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, a ...

formation)

Nervous system

There are nerve cells, also known as

neuron A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses. The neuron is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa. N ...

s, present in our human body. They are branched out. These cells make up

nervous tissue Nervous tissue, also called neural tissue, is the main tissue component of the nervous system. The nervous system regulates and controls body functions and activity. It consists of two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain ...

. A neuron consists of a cell body with a nucleus and cytoplasm, from which long thin hair-like parts arise.

Sensory transducer cells

* Auditory inner hair cells of

organ of Corti The organ of Corti, or spiral organ, is the receptor organ for hearing and is located in the mammalian cochlea. This highly varied strip of epithelial cells allows for transduction of auditory signals into nerve impulses' action potential. Transd ...

* Auditory outer hair cells of

*Basal cells of

olfactory epithelium The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. In humans, it measures 9 cm2 and lies on the roof of the nasal cavity about 7 cm above and behind the nostrils. The olfactory ...

(stem cell for olfactory neurons) *Cold-sensitive primary

sensory neuron Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are neurons in the nervous system, that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded potentials. This process is called sensory transduction. The cel ...

s *Heat-sensitive primary

s *

Merkel cell Merkel cells, also known as Merkel-Ranvier cells or tactile epithelial cells, are oval-shaped mechanoreceptors essential for light touch sensation and found in the skin of vertebrates. They are abundant in highly sensitive skin like that of the f ...

s of epidermis *

Olfactory receptor neuron An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a sensory neuron within the olfactory system. Structure Humans have between 10 and 20 million olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). In vertebrates, ORNs are b ...

s *Pain-sensitive primary

s *Photoreceptor cells of retina in human eye, eye: **Photoreceptor rod cells **Photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cells of eye **Photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cells of eye **Photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cells of eye *Proprioceptive primary

s *Touch-sensitive primary

s *Chemoreceptor glomus cells of carotid body, carotid body cell (blood pH sensor) * Hair cell , Outer hair cells of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity) * Hair cell , Inner hair cells of vestibular system of ear (acceleration and gravity) * Taste receptor , Taste receptor cells of

Autonomic neuron cells

*Cholinergic neurons (various types) *Adrenergic neural cells (various types) *Peptidergic neural cells (various types)

Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells

*Inner pillar cells of

*Outer pillar cells of organ of Corti *Inner phalangeal cells of organ of Corti *Outer phalangeal cells of organ of Corti *Border cells of organ of Corti *Hensen's cells of organ of Corti *Vestibular apparatus supporting cells *Taste bud supporting cells *Olfactory epithelium supporting cells *Olfactory ensheathing cells *Schwann cells *Satellite glial cells *Enteric glial cells

Central nervous system neurons and glial cells

*Neuron cells (large variety of types, still poorly classified) **Interneurons *** Basket cells *** Cartwheel cells *** Stellate cells *** Golgi cells *** Granule cells *** Lugaro cells *** Unipolar brush cells *** Martinotti cells *** Chandelier cells *** Cajal–Retzius cells *** Double-bouquet cells *** Neurogliaform cells *** Retina horizontal cells *** Amacrine cells **** Starburst amacrine cells *** Spinal interneurons **** Renshaw cells **Principal cells ***Spindle neurons ***Fork neurons ***Pyramidal cells ****Place cells ****Grid cells ****Speed cells ****Head direction cells ****Betz cells ***Stellate cells ****Boundary cells ***Bushy cells ***Purkinje cells ***Medium spiny neurons *Astrocytes *Oligodendrocytes *Ependymal cells **Tanycytes *Pituicytes

Lens cells

*Anterior lens epithelial cell *Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell

Cells derived primarily from mesoderm

Metabolism and storage cells

*Adipocytes: **White adipose tissue, White fat cell **Brown fat, Brown fat cell *Liver lipocyte

Secretory cells

*Cells of the Adrenal cortex **Cells of the Zona glomerulosa produce mineralocorticoids **Cells of the Zona fasciculata produce glucocorticoids **Cells of the Zona reticularis produce androgens *Theca interna cell of ovarian follicle secreting estrogen *Corpus luteum cell of ruptured ovarian follicle secreting progesterone **Granulosa lutein cells **Theca lutein cells *Leydig cell of testes secreting testosterone *Seminal vesicle cell (secretes seminal fluid components, including fructose for swimming Spermatozoon, sperm) *Prostate gland cell (secretes seminal fluid components) *Bulbourethral gland cell (mucus secretion) *Bartholin's gland cell (vaginal lubricant secretion) *Urethral gland, Gland of Littre cell (mucus secretion) *Uterus endometrium cell (carbohydrate secretion) *Juxtaglomerular cell (renin secretion) *Macula densa cell of kidney *Peripolar cell of kidney *Mesangial cell of kidney

Barrier cells

Urinary system

*Bowman's capsule#Anatomy, Parietal epithelial cell *Podocyte *Proximal_tubule#Brush_border_cell, Proximal tubule brush border cell *Thin segment#Histology, Loop of Henle thin segment cell *Kidney distal tubule cell *Collecting duct system, Kidney collecting duct cell **Collecting duct system#Principal cells, Principal cell **Collecting duct system#Intercalated cells, Intercalated cell *Transitional epithelium (lining urinary bladder)

Reproductive system

*Duct cell (of seminal vesicle, prostate gland, etc.) *Efferent ducts cell *Epididymis#Histology, Epididymal principal cell *Epididymis#Histology, Epididymal basal cell

Circulatory system

*Endothelial cells

Extracellular matrix cells

*Planum semilunatum epithelial cell of vestibular system of ear (proteoglycan secretion) *Organ of Corti interdental epithelial cell (secreting tectorial membrane covering hair cells) *Loose connective tissue fibroblasts *Corneal fibroblasts (corneal keratocytes) *Tendon cell, Tendon fibroblasts *Bone marrow#Stroma, Bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts *Other nonepithelial fibroblasts *Pericyte **Hepatic stellate cell (Ito cell) *Nucleus pulposus cell of intervertebral disc *Hyaline cartilage chondrocyte *Fibrocartilage chondrocyte *Elastic cartilage chondrocyte *Osteoblast/osteocyte *Osteoblast#Osteogenesis, Osteoprogenitor cell (stem cell of osteoblasts) *Hyalocyte of vitreous body of eye *Stellate cell of perilymphatic space of ear *Pancreatic stellate cell Note: Cephalic connective tissue and bones are derived from the Cranial neural crest which comes from the ectoderm germ layer

Contractile cells

*Skeletal muscle cells **Myocyte#Fiber typing, Red skeletal muscle cell (slow twitch) **Myocyte#Fiber typing, White skeletal muscle cell (fast twitch) **Myocyte#Fiber typing, Intermediate skeletal muscle cell **Nuclear bag fiber, Nuclear bag cell of muscle spindle **Nuclear chain cell of muscle spindle **Myosatellite cell (stem cell) *Cardiac muscle cells **Cardiac muscle cell **Cardiac_pacemaker#Primary (SA_node), SA node cell **Purkinje fiber cell *Smooth muscle cell (various types) *Myoepithelial cell of Iris (anatomy), iris *Myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands

Blood and immune system cells

*Erythrocyte (red blood cell) and precursor erythroblasts *Megakaryocyte (platelet precursor) *Platelets if considered distinct cells, currently there's debate on the subject. *Monocyte (white blood cell) *Connective tissue macrophage (various types) *Epidermal Langerhans cell *Osteoclast (in bone) *Dendritic cell (in lymphoid tissues) *Microglial cell (in central nervous system) *Neutrophil granulocyte and precursors (myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte) *Eosinophil granulocyte and precursors *Basophil granulocyte and precursors *Mast cell *Helper T cell *Regulatory T cell *Cytotoxic T cell *Natural killer T cell *B cell *Plasma cell *Natural killer cell *Hematopoietic stem cells and Progenitor cells, committed progenitors for the blood and immune system (various types)

Germ cells (primordially not)

*Oogonium/Oocyte *Spermatid *Spermatocyte *Spermatogonium cell (stem cell for spermatocyte) *Spermatozoon

Nurse cell

*Granulosa cell (in ovaries) *Sertoli cell (in testis) *Epithelial reticular cell (in thymus)

Interstitial cells

*Interstitial kidney cells

References

External links

Human Cell Atlas
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Distinct Cell Types In The Adult Human Body Human cells, * Histology Lists of human anatomical features

Cells derived primarily from endoderm

Exocrine secretory epithelial cells

Barrier cells

Hormone-secreting cells

Cells derived primarily from ectoderm

Exocrine secretory epithelial cells

Hormone-secreting cells

Epithelial cells

Oral cells

Nervous system

Sensory transducer cells

Autonomic neuron cells

Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells

Central nervous system neurons and glial cells

Lens cells

Cells derived primarily from mesoderm

Metabolism and storage cells

Secretory cells

Barrier cells

Urinary system

Reproductive system

Circulatory system

Extracellular matrix cells

Contractile cells

Blood and immune system cells

Germ cells (primordially not)

Nurse cell

Interstitial cells

See also

References

External links