List Of Birds Of Canada on:
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This is a list of bird species confirmed in Canada. Unless otherwise noted, the list is that of ''Bird Checklists of the World'' as of July 2022. Of the 703 species listed here, 235 are accidental. Twelve species were introduced to North America or directly to Canada, three species are
Order:
Order: GalliformesFamily: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
*
Order: GalliformesFamily:
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
* Pied-billed grebe, ''Podilymbus podiceps''
* Horned grebe, ''Podiceps auritus''
* Red-necked grebe, ''Podiceps grisegena''
*
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.
*
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
*
Order:
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
*
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
*
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large, diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without directly competing for food.
* Upland sandpiper, ''Bartramia longicauda''
* Bristle-thighed curlew, ''Numenius tahitiensis'' (A)
* Whimbrel, ''Numenius phaeopus''
* Eskimo curlew, ''Numenius borealis'' (Possibly extinct)
* Long-billed curlew, ''Numenius americanus''
* Far Eastern curlew, ''Numenius madagascariensis'' (A)
* Slender-billed curlew, ''Numenius tenuirostris'' (A)
* Eurasian curlew, ''Numenius arquata'' (A)
* Bar-tailed godwit, ''Limosa lapponica'' (A)
*
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae
Alcids are superficially similar to
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, and
Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae
Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely grey or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.
* Red-throated loon, ''Gavia stellata''
*
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae
The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
* Wilson's storm-petrel, ''Oceanites oceanicus''
* White-faced storm-petrel, (A) ''Pelagodroma marina''
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
* Northern fulmar, ''Fulmarus glacialis''
*
Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
* Masked booby, ''Sula dactylatra'' (A)
* Nazca booby, ''Sula granti'' (A)
*
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
*
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.
* American bittern, ''Botaurus lentiginosus''
* Least bittern, ''Ixobrychus exilis''
*
Order: CathartiformesFamily: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.
* California condor, ''Gymnogyps californianus'' (Ex)
* Black vulture, ''Coragyps atratus'' (A)
* Turkey vulture, ''Cathartes aura''
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
* White-tailed kite, ''Elanus leucurus'' (A)
* Swallow-tailed kite, ''Elanoides forficatus'' (A)
* Golden eagle, ''Aquila chrysaetos''
* Northern harrier, ''Circus hudsonius'' (Not yet assessed by the IUCN)
* Sharp-shinned hawk, ''Accipiter striatus''
* Cooper's hawk, ''Accipiter cooperii''
*
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae
Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
* Flammulated owl, ''Psiloscops flammeolus''
* Western screech-owl, ''Megascops kennicottii''
*
Order: PiciformesFamily:
Order: FalconiformesFamily:
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
*
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
* Brown shrike, ''Lanius cristatus'' (A)
* Red-backed shrike, ''Lanius collurio'' (A)
* Loggerhead shrike, ''Lanius ludovicianus''
* Northern shrike, ''Lanius borealis''
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
* Canada jay, ''Perisoreus canadensis''
* Pinyon jay, ''Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus'' (A)
*
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae
Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.
* European starling, ''Sturnus vulgaris'' (I)
* Crested myna, ''Acridotheres cristatellus'' (I) (Ex)
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
* Eastern bluebird, ''Sialia sialis''
* Western bluebird, ''Sialia mexicana''
* Mountain bluebird, ''Sialia currucoides''
* Townsend's solitaire, ''Myadestes townsendi''
*
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
* Cassin's sparrow, ''Peucaea cassinii'' (A)
* Bachman's sparrow, ''Peucaea aestivalis'' (A)
* Grasshopper sparrow, ''Ammodramus savannarum''
* Black-throated sparrow, ''Amphispiza bilineata'' (A)
* Lark sparrow, ''Chondestes grammacus''
* Lark bunting, ''Calamospiza melanocorys''
*
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
*Yellow-headed blackbird, ''Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus''
*Bobolink, ''Dolichonyx oryzivorus''
*Eastern meadowlark, ''Sturnella magna''
*Western meadowlark, ''Sturnella neglecta''
*Orchard oriole, ''Icterus spurius''
*Hooded oriole, ''Icterus cucullatus'' (A)
*Bullock's oriole, ''Icterus bullockii''
*Baltimore oriole, ''Icterus galbula''
*Scott's oriole, ''Icterus parisorum'' (A)
*Red-winged blackbird, ''Agelaius phoeniceus''
*Shiny cowbird, ''Molothrus bonariensis'' (A)
*Bronzed cowbird, ''Molothrus aeneus'' (A)
*Brown-headed cowbird, ''Molothrus ater''
*Rusty blackbird, ''Euphagus carolinus''
*Brewer's blackbird, ''Euphagus cyanocephalus''
*Common grackle, ''Quiscalus quiscula''
*Great-tailed grackle, ''Quiscalus mexicanus'' (A)
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae
The wood warblers are a group of small, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
*Ovenbird, ''Seiurus aurocapilla''
*Worm-eating warbler, ''Helmitheros vermivorus'' (A)
*Louisiana waterthrush, ''Parkesia motacilla''
*Northern waterthrush, ''Parkesia noveboracensis''
*Golden-winged warbler, ''Vermivora chrysoptera''
*Blue-winged warbler, ''Vermivora cyanoptera''
*Black-and-white warbler, ''Mniotilta varia''
*Prothonotary warbler, ''Protonotaria citrea''
*Swainson's warbler, ''Limnothlypis swainsonii'' (A)
*Tennessee warbler, ''Leiothlypis peregrina''
*Orange-crowned warbler, ''Leiothlypis celata''
*Lucy's warbler, ''Leiothlypis luciae'' (A)
*Nashville warbler, ''Leiothlypis ruficapilla''
*Virginia's warbler, ''Leiothlypis virginiae'' (A)
*Connecticut warbler, ''Oporornis agilis''
*MacGillivray's warbler, ''Geothlypis tolmiei''
*Mourning warbler, ''Geothlypis philadelphia''
*Kentucky warbler, ''Geothlypis formosa'' (A)
*Common yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis trichas''
*Hooded warbler, ''Setophaga citrina''
*American redstart, ''Setophaga ruticilla''
*Kirtland's warbler, ''Setophaga kirtlandii'' (A)
*Cape May warbler, ''Setophaga tigrina''
*Cerulean warbler, ''Setophaga cerulea''
*Northern parula, ''Setophaga americana''
*Magnolia warbler, ''Setophaga magnolia''
*Bay-breasted warbler, ''Setophaga castanea''
*Blackburnian warbler, ''Setophaga fusca''
*Yellow warbler, ''Setophaga aestiva''
*Chestnut-sided warbler, ''Setophaga pensylvanica''
*Blackpoll warbler, ''Setophaga striata''
*Black-throated blue warbler, ''Setophaga caerulescens''
*Palm warbler, ''Setophaga palmarum''
*Pine warbler, ''Setophaga pinus''
*Yellow-rumped warbler, ''Setophaga coronata''
*Yellow-throated warbler, ''Setophaga dominica'' (A)
*Prairie warbler, ''Setophaga discolor''
*Grace's warbler, ''Setophaga graciae'' (A)
*Black-throated grey warbler, ''Setophaga nigrescens''
*Townsend's warbler, ''Setophaga townsendi''
*Hermit warbler, ''Setophaga occidentalis'' (A)
*Black-throated green warbler, ''Setophaga virens''
*Canada warbler, ''Cardellina canadensis''
*Wilson's warbler, ''Cardellina pusilla''
*Painted redstart, ''Myioborus pictus'' (A)
This is a list of bird species confirmed in Canada. Unless otherwise noted, the list is that of ''Bird Checklists of the World'' as of July 2022. Of the 703 species listed here, 235 are accidental. Twelve species were introduced to North America or directly to Canada, three species are extinct
Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...
, and three (possibly four) have been extirpated. One species of uncertain origin is also included.
This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the ''Check-list of North and Middle American Birds'', 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the ''Check-list'', except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.
Canadian birds most closely resemble those of Eurasia, which was connected to the continent as part of the supercontinent Laurasia
Laurasia () was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around ( Mya), the other being Gondwana. It separated from Gondwana (beginning in the late Triassic period) during the breakup of Pan ...
until around 60 million years ago. Many families which occur in Canada are also found throughout the Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...
or worldwide. However, some families are unique to the New World; those represented in this list are the hummingbird
Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are found in the tropics aro ...
s, the New World vultures, the New World quail, the tyrant flycatchers, the mimids, the wood-warblers, the cardinal
Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to:
Animals
* Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae
**''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...
s, and the icterid
Icterids () or New World blackbirds make up a family, the Icteridae (), of small to medium-sized, often colorful, New World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red. The ...
s. Three species on the list (Ross's goose, whooping crane, and Harris's sparrow) breed only in Canada. The extinct Labrador duck is also believed to have been a breeding endemic, though its breeding areas are not known.
Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in Canada as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. These tags are used to annotate some species:
* (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Canada
* (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Canada as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
* (E) Extinct - a recent species which no longer exists
* (Ex) Extirpated - a species which no longer occurs in Canada but exists elsewhere
Population status symbols are those of the Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The symbols apply to the species' worldwide status, not their status solely in Canada. The symbols and their meanings, in increasing order of peril, are:
= least concern
= near threatened
= vulnerable
= endangered
= critically endangered
= extinct in the wild
= extinct
Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: Anseriformes
Anseriformes is an order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which in ...
Family: Anatidae
The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.
* Black-bellied whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna autumnalis'' (A)
* Fulvous whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna bicolor'' (A)
* Emperor goose, ''Anser canagica'' (A)
* Snow goose, ''Anser caerulescens''
* Ross's goose, ''Anser rossii''
* Greylag goose, ''Anser anser'' (A)
* Greater white-fronted goose, ''Anser albifrons''
* Taiga bean-goose, ''Anser fabalis'' (A)
* Tundra bean-goose, ''Anser serrirostris'' (A)
* Pink-footed goose, ''Anser brachyrhynchus'' (A)
* Brant, ''Branta bernicla''
* Barnacle goose, ''Branta leucopsis'' (A)
*Cackling goose
The cackling goose (''Branta hutchinsii'') is a species of goose found in North America.
Description
The black head and neck with white "chinstrap" distinguish this goose from all other geese except the larger Canada goose (''Branta canadensis'' ...
, ''Branta hutchinsii''
*Canada goose
The Canada goose (''Branta canadensis''), or Canadian goose, is a large wild goose with a black head and neck, white cheeks, white under its chin, and a brown body. It is native to the arctic and temperate regions of North America, and it is o ...
, ''Branta canadensis''
*Mute swan
The mute swan (''Cygnus olor'') is a species of swan and a member of the waterfowl family Anatidae. It is native to much of Eurosiberia, and (as a rare winter visitor) the far north of Africa. It is an introduced species in North America, home ...
, ''Cygnus olor'' (I)
* Trumpeter swan, ''Cygnus buccinator''
* Tundra swan, ''Cygnus columbianus''
* Whooper swan, ''Cygnus cygnus'' (A)
*Ruddy shelduck
The ruddy shelduck (''Tadorna ferruginea''), known in India as the Brahminy duck, is a member of the family Anatidae. It is a distinctive waterfowl, in length with a wingspan of . It has orange-brown body plumage with a paler head, while the ...
, ''Tadorna ferruginea'' (A)
*Common shelduck
The common shelduck (''Tadorna tadorna'') is a waterfowl species of the shelduck genus, ''Tadorna''. It is widespread and common in the Euro-Siberian region of the Palearctic, mainly breeding in temperate and wintering in subtropical regions; i ...
, ''Tadorna tadorna'' (A)
* Wood duck, ''Aix sponsa''
* Baikal teal, ''Sibirionetta formosa'' (A)
* Garganey, ''Spatula querquedula'' (A)
* Blue-winged teal, ''Spatula discors''
* Cinnamon teal, ''Spatula cyanoptera''
* Northern shoveler, ''Spatula clypeata''
*Gadwall
The gadwall (''Mareca strepera'') is a common and widespread dabbling duck in the family Anatidae.
Taxonomy
The gadwall was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae''. DNA studies have shown that ...
, ''Mareca strepera''
* Falcated duck, ''Mareca falcata'' (A)
* Eurasian wigeon, ''Mareca penelope''
* American wigeon, ''Mareca americana''
*Mallard
The mallard () or wild duck (''Anas platyrhynchos'') is a dabbling duck that breeds throughout the temperate and subtropical Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to New Zealand, Australia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Arge ...
, ''Anas platyrhynchos''
* American black duck, ''Anas rubripes''
* Mottled duck, ''Anas fulvigula'' (A)
* Northern pintail, ''Anas acuta''
* Green-winged teal, ''Anas crecca''
* Canvasback, ''Aythya valisineria''
* Redhead, ''Aythya americana''
* Common pochard, ''Aythya ferina'' (A)
* Ring-necked duck, ''Aythya collaris''
* Tufted duck, ''Aythya fuligula'' (A)
* Greater scaup, ''Aythya marila''
* Lesser scaup, ''Aythya affinis''
* Steller's eider, ''Polysticta stelleri'' (A)
* Spectacled eider, ''Somateria fischeri'' (A)
* King eider, ''Somateria spectabilis''
* Common eider, ''Somateria mollissima''
* Harlequin duck, ''Histrionicus histrionicus''
* Labrador duck, ''Camptorhynchus labradorius'' (E)
* Surf scoter, ''Melanitta perspicillata''
* White-winged scoter, ''Melanitta deglandi''
* Black scoter, ''Melanitta americana''
* Long-tailed duck, ''Clangula hyemalis''
*Bufflehead
The bufflehead (''Bucephala albeola'') is a small sea duck of the genus ''Bucephala'', the goldeneyes. This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' as ''Anas albeola''.
The genus na ...
, ''Bucephala albeola''
* Common goldeneye, ''Bucephala clangula''
* Barrow's goldeneye, ''Bucephala islandica''
*Smew
The smew (''Mergellus albellus'') is a species of duck, and is the only living member of the genus ''Mergellus''. ''Mergellus'' is a diminutive of '' Mergus'' and ''albellus'' is from Latin ''albus'' "white". This genus is closely related to ' ...
, ''Mergellus albellus'' (A)
* Hooded merganser, ''Lophodytes cucullatus''
* Common merganser, ''Mergus merganser''
* Red-breasted merganser, ''Mergus serrator''
* Ruddy duck, ''Oxyura jamaicensis''
New World quail
Order: GalliformesFamily: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
*Mountain quail
The mountain quail (''Oreortyx pictus'') is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. This species is the only one in the genus ''Oreortyx'', which is sometimes included in ''Callipepla''. This is not appropriate, however, as t ...
, ''Oreortyx ictus'' (I)
* Northern bobwhite, ''Colinus virginianus''
* California quail, ''Callipepla californica'' (I)
Pheasants, grouse, and allies
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family (biology), family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Turkey bird, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular Game (hunti ...
Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
* Wild turkey, ''Meleagris gallopavo''
* Ruffed grouse, ''Bonasa umbellus''
* Greater sage-grouse, ''Centrocercus urophasianus''
* Spruce grouse, ''Canachites canadensis''
* Willow ptarmigan, ''Lagopus lagopus''
*Rock ptarmigan
The rock ptarmigan (''Lagopus muta'') is a medium-sized game bird in the grouse family. It is known simply as the ptarmigan in the UK. It is the official bird for the Canadian territory of Nunavut, where it is known as the ''aqiggiq'' (ᐊᕿ ...
, ''Lagopus muta''
* White-tailed ptarmigan, ''Lagopus leucura''
* Dusky grouse, ''Dendragapus obscurus''
* Sooty grouse, ''Dendragapus fuliginosus''
* Sharp-tailed grouse, ''Tympanuchus phasianellus''
* Greater prairie-chicken, ''Tympanuchus cupido'' (Ex)
* Grey partridge, ''Perdix perdix'' (I)
* Ring-necked pheasant, ''Phasianus colchicus'' (I)
*Silver pheasant
The silver pheasant (''Lophura nycthemera'') is a species of pheasant found in forests, mainly in mountains, of mainland Southeast Asia and eastern and southern China, with an introduced population on Victoria Island in Nahuel Huapi Lake, Ne ...
, ''Lophura nycthemera'' (I) (LC)
* Chukar, ''Alectoris chukar'' (I)
Flamingos
Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae Flamingos (genus ''Phoenicopterus'' monotypic in family Phoenicopteridae) are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down. * American flamingo, ''Phoenicopterus ruber'' (A)Grebes
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
* Pied-billed grebe, ''Podilymbus podiceps''
* Horned grebe, ''Podiceps auritus''
* Red-necked grebe, ''Podiceps grisegena''
*Eared grebe
The black-necked grebe or eared grebe (''Podiceps nigricollis'') is a member of the grebe family of water birds. It was described in 1831 by Christian Ludwig Brehm. There are currently three accepted subspecies, including the nominate subspeci ...
, ''Podiceps nigricollis''
* Western grebe, ''Aechmophorus occidentalis''
* Clark's grebe, ''Aechmophorus clarkii''
Pigeons and doves
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere. * Rock pigeon, ''Columba livia'' (I) * Common wood pigeon, ''Columba palumbus'' (A) * White-crowned pigeon, ''Patagioenas leucocephala'' (A) * Band-tailed pigeon, ''Patagioenas fasciata'' *Oriental turtle-dove
The Oriental turtle dove or rufous turtle dove (''Streptopelia orientalis'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae. The species has a wide native distribution range from Europe, east across Asia to Japan. The populations show variations in th ...
, ''Streptopelia orientalis'' (A)
* Eurasian collared-dove, ''Streptopelia decaocto'' (I)
* Passenger pigeon, ''Ectopistes migratorius'' (E)
* Inca dove, ''Columbina inca'' (A)
* Common ground dove, ''Columbina passerina'' (A)
* White-winged dove, ''Zenaida asiatica'' (A)
* Mourning dove, ''Zenaida macroura''
Cuckoos
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.
*Groove-billed ani
The groove-billed ani (''Crotophaga sulcirostris'') is a tropical bird in the cuckoo family with a long tail and a large, curved beak. It is a resident species throughout most of its range, from southern Texas, central Mexico and The Bahamas, thr ...
, ''Crotophaga sulcirostris'' (A)
* Common cuckoo, ''Cuculus canorus'' (A)
* Yellow-billed cuckoo, ''Coccyzus americanus''
*Black-billed cuckoo
The black-billed cuckoo (''Coccyzus erythropthalmus'') is a New World species in the Cuculidae (cuckoo) family. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. The genus name, ''kokkuzo'', means to call like a common cuckoo, and ''erythropthalmus'' i ...
, ''Coccyzus erythropthalmus''
Nightjars and allies
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves. * Lesser nighthawk, ''Chordeiles acutipennis'' * Common nighthawk, ''Chordeiles minor'' * Common poorwill, ''Phalaenoptilus nuttallii'' * Chuck-will's-widow, ''Antrostomus carolinensis'' * Eastern whip-poor-will, ''Antrostomus vociferus''Swifts
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Apodidae The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. *Black swift
The American black swift, or more simply black swift (''Cypseloides niger''), is a species of bird that is found from northern British Columbia in Canada through the United States and Mexico to Costa Rica and Brazil. They are also found in the Ca ...
, ''Cypseloides niger''
*White-collared swift
The white-collared swift (''Streptoprocne zonaris'') is a species of bird in subfamily Cypseloidinae of the swift family Apodidae. It is found in Mexico, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, Trinidad, and every mainland South America country excep ...
, ''Streptoprocne zonaris'' (A)
* Chimney swift, ''Chaetura pelagica''
* Vaux's swift, ''Chaetura vauxi''
* Common swift, ''Apus apus'' (A)
*Pacific swift
The Pacific swift or fork-tailed swift (''Apus pacificus'') is a species of bird that is part of the Swift family. It breeds in eastern Asia. It is strongly migratory, spending the northern hemisphere's winter in Southeast Asia and Austral ...
, ''Apus pacificus'' (A)
* House swift, ''Apus nipalensis''
*White-throated swift
The white-throated swift (''Aeronautes saxatalis'') is a Swift (bird), swift of the family Apodidae native to western North America, south to cordilleran western Honduras.Ryan TP, Collins CT. 2000. White-throated Swift (''Aeronautes saxatalis''). ...
, ''Aeronautes saxatalis''
Hummingbirds
Order: ApodiformesFamily: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
*Mexican violetear
The Mexican violetear (''Colibri thalassinus'') is a medium-sized, metallic green hummingbird species commonly found in forested areas from Mexico to Nicaragua. This species, together with the lesser violetear were previously considered conspecifi ...
, ''Colibri thalassinus'' (A)
*Rivoli's hummingbird
Rivoli's hummingbird (''Eugenes fulgens''), also known as the magnificent hummingbird, is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nica ...
, ''Eugenes fulgens'' (A) (Not yet assessed by the IUCN)
*Amethyst-throated mountain-gem
The amethyst-throated mountaingem (''Lampornis amethystinus''), also called amethyst-throated mountain-gem or amethyst-throated hummingbird, is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in El Salvado ...
, ''Lampornis amethystinus'' (A)
* Ruby-throated hummingbird, ''Archilochus colubris''
* Black-chinned hummingbird, ''Archilochus alexandri''
*Anna's hummingbird
Anna's hummingbird (''Calypte anna'') is a medium-sized bird species of the family Trochilidae. It was named after Anna Masséna, Duchess of Rivoli.
It is native to western coastal regions of North America. In the early 20th century, Anna's hu ...
, ''Calypte anna''
* Costa's hummingbird, ''Calypte costae'' (A)
* Calliope hummingbird, ''Selasphorus calliope''
*Rufous hummingbird
The rufous hummingbird (''Selasphorus rufus'') is a small hummingbird, about long with a long, straight and slender bill. These birds are known for their extraordinary flight skills, flying during their migratory transits. It is one of nine sp ...
, ''Selasphorus rufus''
* Broad-tailed hummingbird, ''Selasphorus platycercus'' (A)
*Broad-billed hummingbird
The broad-billed hummingbird (''Cynanthus latirostris'') is a small-sized hummingbird that resides in Mexico and the southwestern United States. The bird displays sexual dimorphism, and the juveniles resemble the female adult more than the male a ...
, ''Cynanthus latirostris'' (A)
* Xantus's hummingbird, ''Basilinna xantusii'' (A)
Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: Gruiformes
The Gruiformes are an order (biology), order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird family (biology), families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like".
Traditionally, a number of wading and t ...
Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically, family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, and rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak flyers.
* Clapper rail, ''Rallus crepitans'' (A)
*King rail
The king rail (''Rallus elegans'') is a waterbird, the largest North American rail.
Description
Distinct features are a long bill with a slight downward curve, with adults being brown on the back and rusty-brown on the face and breast with a da ...
, ''Rallus elegans''
* Virginia rail, ''Rallus limicola''
* Corn crake, ''Crex crex'' (A)
* Sora, ''Porzana carolina''
* Common gallinule, ''Gallinula galeata''
* Eurasian coot, ''Fulica atra'' (A)
* American coot, ''Fulica americana''
*Purple gallinule Purple gallinule is an alternative name for two species of birds in the rail family. It can refer to:
* Purple swamphen, a group of closely related species of swamphen of the Old World
* American purple gallinule
The purple gallinule (''Porphyr ...
, ''Porphyrio martinicus'' (A)
* Yellow rail, ''Coturnicops noveboracensis''
* Black rail, ''Laterallus jamaicensis'' (A)
Limpkin
Order:Gruiformes
The Gruiformes are an order (biology), order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird family (biology), families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like".
Traditionally, a number of wading and t ...
Family: Aramidae
The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large rail, but is skeletally closer to the cranes
Crane or cranes may refer to:
Common meanings
* Crane (bird), a large, long-necked bird
* Crane (machine), industrial machinery for lifting
** Crane (rail), a crane suited for use on railroads
People and fictional characters
* Crane (surname), ...
. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the Caribbean
The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...
, South America, and southern Florida.
* Limpkin, ''Aramus guarauna'' (A)
Cranes
Order:Gruiformes
The Gruiformes are an order (biology), order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird family (biology), families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like".
Traditionally, a number of wading and t ...
Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking, but unrelated, herons, cranes fly with their necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays.
* Sandhill crane, ''Antigone canadensis''
* Common crane, ''Grus grus'' (C)
* Whooping crane, ''Grus americana''
Stilts and avocets
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
*Black-necked stilt
The black-necked stilt (''Himantopus mexicanus'') is a locally abundant shorebird of American wetlands and coastlines. It is found from the coastal areas of California through much of the interior western United States and along the Gulf of Mexic ...
, ''Himantopus mexicanus''
* American avocet, ''Recurvirostra americana''
Oystercatchers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prying openmollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...
s.
* Eurasian oystercatcher, ''Haematopus ostralegus'' (A)
* American oystercatcher, ''Haematopus palliatus'' (A)
*Black oystercatcher
The black oystercatcher (''Haematopus bachmani'') is a conspicuous black bird found on the shoreline of western North America. It ranges from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska to the coast of the Baja California peninsula.
The black oystercatcher ...
, ''Haematopus bachmani''
Plovers and lapwings
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
*Northern lapwing
The northern lapwing (''Vanellus vanellus''), also known as the peewit or pewit, tuit or tew-it, green plover, or (in Ireland and Britain) pyewipe or just lapwing, is a bird in the lapwing subfamily. It is common through temperate Eurosiberia. ...
, ''Vanellus vanellus'' (A)
* Black-bellied plover, ''Pluvialis squatarola''
* European golden-plover, ''Pluvialis apricaria'' (A)
*American golden-plover
The American golden plover (''Pluvialis dominica''), is a medium-sized plover. The genus name is Latin and means relating to rain, from ''pluvia'', "rain". It was believed that golden plovers flocked when rain was imminent. The species name ''d ...
, ''Pluvialis dominica''
* Pacific golden-plover, ''Pluvialis fulva'' (A)
* Eurasian dotterel, ''Charadrius morinellus'' (A)
* Killdeer, ''Charadrius vociferus''
* Common ringed plover, ''Charadrius hiaticula''
* Semipalmated plover, ''Charadrius semipalmatus''
*Piping plover
The piping plover (''Charadrius melodus'') is a small sand-colored, sparrow-sized shorebird that nests and feeds along coastal sand and gravel beaches in North America. The adult has yellow-orange-red legs, a black band across the forehead from e ...
, ''Charadrius melodus''
* Lesser sand-plover, ''Charadrius mongolus'' (A)
* Wilson's plover, ''Charadrius wilsonia'' (A)
* Snowy plover, ''Charadrius nivosus'' (A)
* Mountain plover, ''Charadrius montanus''
Sandpipers and allies
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large, diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without directly competing for food.
* Upland sandpiper, ''Bartramia longicauda''
* Bristle-thighed curlew, ''Numenius tahitiensis'' (A)
* Whimbrel, ''Numenius phaeopus''
* Eskimo curlew, ''Numenius borealis'' (Possibly extinct)
* Long-billed curlew, ''Numenius americanus''
* Far Eastern curlew, ''Numenius madagascariensis'' (A)
* Slender-billed curlew, ''Numenius tenuirostris'' (A)
* Eurasian curlew, ''Numenius arquata'' (A)
* Bar-tailed godwit, ''Limosa lapponica'' (A)
*Black-tailed godwit
The black-tailed godwit (''Limosa limosa'') is a large, long-legged, long-billed shorebird first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is a member of the godwit genus, ''Limosa''. There are four subspecies, all with orange head, neck and chest ...
, ''Limosa limosa'' (A)
*Hudsonian godwit
The Hudsonian godwit (''Limosa haemastica'') is a large shorebird in the sandpiper family, Scolopacidae. The genus name ''Limosa'' is from Latin and means "muddy", from ''limus'', "mud". The specific ''haemastica'' is from Ancient Greek and means ...
, ''Limosa haemastica''
* Marbled godwit, ''Limosa fedoa''
* Ruddy turnstone, ''Arenaria interpres''
* Black turnstone, ''Arenaria melanocephala''
* Great knot, ''Calidris tenuirostris'' (A)
* Red knot, ''Calidris canutus''
* Surfbird, ''Calidris virgata''
* Ruff, ''Calidris pugnax''
* Sharp-tailed sandpiper, ''Calidris acuminata''
* Stilt sandpiper, ''Calidris himantopus''
* Curlew sandpiper, ''Calidris ferruginea'' (A)
* Temminck's stint, ''Calidris temminckii'' (A)
*Spoon-billed sandpiper
The spoon-billed sandpiper (''Calidris pygmaea'') is a small wader which breeds on the coasts of the Bering Sea and winters in Southeast Asia. This species is highly threatened, and it is said that since the 1970s the breeding population has dec ...
, ''Calidris pygmaea'' (A)
* Red-necked stint, ''Calidris ruficollis'' (A)
* Sanderling, ''Calidris alba''
* Dunlin, ''Calidris alpina''
* Rock sandpiper, ''Calidris ptilocnemis''
* Purple sandpiper, ''Calidris maritima''
* Baird's sandpiper, ''Calidris bairdii''
* Little stint, ''Calidris minuta'' (A)
* Least sandpiper, ''Calidris minutilla''
*White-rumped sandpiper
The white-rumped sandpiper (''Calidris fuscicollis'') is a small shorebird that breeds in the northern tundra of Canada and Alaska. This bird can be difficult to distinguish from other similar tiny shorebirds; these are known collectively as " ...
, ''Calidris fuscicollis''
* Buff-breasted sandpiper, ''Calidris subruficollis''
* Pectoral sandpiper, ''Calidris melanotos''
* Semipalmated sandpiper, ''Calidris pusilla''
* Western sandpiper, ''Calidris mauri''
* Short-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus griseus''
* Long-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus scolopaceus''
*Jack snipe
The jack snipe or jacksnipe (''Lymnocryptes minimus'') is a small stocky wader. It is the smallest snipe, and the only member of the genus ''Lymnocryptes''. Features such as its sternum make it quite distinct from other snipes or woodcocks.
Et ...
, ''Lymnocryptes minimus'' (A)
* Eurasian woodcock, ''Scolopax rusticola'' (A)
* American woodcock, ''Scolopax minor''
* Common snipe, ''Gallinago gallinago'' (A)
* Wilson's snipe, ''Gallinago delicata''
* Terek sandpiper, ''Xenus cinereus'' (A)
* Spotted sandpiper, ''Actitis macularius''
*Solitary sandpiper
The solitary sandpiper (''Tringa solitaria'') is a small shorebird. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name given to the green sandpiper by Aldrovandus in 1599 based on Ancient Greek ''trungas'', a thrush-sized, white-rumped, tail-bobbin ...
, ''Tringa solitaria''
*Grey-tailed tattler
The grey-tailed tattler (''Tringa brevipes'', formerly ''Heteroscelus brevipes''Banks, Richard C.; Cicero, Carla; Dunn, Jon L.; Kratter, Andrew W.; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Remsen, J. V. Jr.; Rising, James D. & Stotz, Douglas F. (2006):Forty-seventh ...
, ''Tringa brevipes'' (A)
*Wandering tattler
The wandering tattler (''Tringa incana''; formerly ''Heteroscelus incanus'': Pereira & Baker, 2005; Banks ''et al.'', 2006), is a medium-sized wading bird. It is similar in appearance to the closely related gray-tailed tattler, ''T. brevipes''. ...
, ''Tringa incana''
* Lesser yellowlegs, ''Tringa flavipes''
* Willet, ''Tringa semipalmata''
* Spotted redshank, ''Tringa erythropus'' (A)
* Common greenshank, ''Tringa nebularia'' (A)
* Greater yellowlegs, ''Tringa melanoleuca''
* Common redshank, ''Tringa totanus'' (A)
* Marsh sandpiper, ''Tringa stagnatilis'' (A) LC
* Wood sandpiper, ''Tringa glareola'' (A)
* Wilson's phalarope, ''Phalaropus tricolor''
* Red-necked phalarope, ''Phalaropus lobatus''
* Red phalarope, ''Phalaropus fulicarius''
Skuas and jaegers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae Skuas are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers. *Great skua
The great skua (''Stercorarius skua''), sometimes known by the name bonxie in Britain, is a large seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is roughly the size of a herring gull. It mainly eats fish caught at the sea surface or taken fr ...
, ''Stercorarius skua'' (A)
* South polar skua, ''Stercorarius maccormicki''
* Brown skua, ''Stercorarius antarcticus'' (A) LC
* Pomarine jaeger, ''Stercorarius pomarinus''
*Parasitic jaeger
The parasitic jaeger (''Stercorarius parasiticus''), also known as the Arctic skua, Arctic jaeger or parasitic skua, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae. It is a migratory species that breeds in Northern Scandinavia, Scotland, Iceland, ...
, ''Stercorarius parasiticus''
* Long-tailed jaeger, ''Stercorarius longicaudus''
Auks, murres, and puffins
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae
Alcids are superficially similar to penguin
Penguins (order (biology), order List of Sphenisciformes by population, Sphenisciformes , family (biology), family Spheniscidae ) are a group of Water bird, aquatic flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere: on ...
s due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture, and some of their habits. However they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.
* Dovekie, ''Alle alle''
* Common murre, ''Uria aalge''
* Thick-billed murre, ''Uria lomvia''
* Razorbill, ''Alca torda''
*Great auk
The great auk (''Pinguinus impennis'') is a species of flightless alcid that became extinct in the mid-19th century. It was the only modern species in the genus ''Pinguinus''. It is not closely related to the birds now known as penguins, wh ...
, ''Pinguinus impennis'' (E)
*Black guillemot
The black guillemot or tystie (''Cepphus grylle'') is a medium-sized seabird of the Alcidae family, native throughout northern Atlantic coasts and eastern North American coasts. It is resident in much of its range, but large populations from the ...
, ''Cepphus grylle''
* Pigeon guillemot, ''Cepphus columba''
*Long-billed murrelet
The long-billed murrelet (''Brachyramphus perdix'') is a small seabird from the North Pacific. The genus name ''Brachyramphus'' is from Ancient Greek ''brakhus'', "short", and ''rhamphos'', "bill". The species name ''perdix'' is Latin for "partr ...
, ''Brachyramphus perdix'' (A)
* Marbled murrelet, ''Brachyramphus marmoratus''
*Kittlitz's murrelet
Kittlitz's murrelet (''Brachyramphus brevirostris'') is a small alcid found in the waters off Alaska and Eastern Siberia. This near threatened species is, like the closely related marbled murrelet, unusual for seabirds in not being colonial, nes ...
, ''Brachyramphus brevirostris'' (A)
*Scripps's murrelet
Scripps's murrelet (''Synthliboramphus scrippsi'') is a small seabird found in the California Current system in the Pacific Ocean. This auk breeds on islands off California and Mexico. It is threatened by predators introduced to its breeding col ...
, ''Synthliboramphus scrippsi''
*Guadalupe murrelet
The Guadalupe murrelet (''Synthliboramphus hypoleucus'') or Xantus' Murrelet is a small seabird found in the California Current system in the Pacific Ocean. This auk breeds on islands off California and Mexico. It is threatened by predators intr ...
, ''Synthliboramphus hypoleucus'' (A)
* Ancient murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus antiquus''
* Cassin's auklet, ''Ptychoramphus aleuticus''
*Parakeet auklet
The parakeet auklet (''Aethia psittacula'') is a small seabird of the North Pacific. Parakeet Auklets used to be placed on its own in the genus ''Cyclorrhynchus'' ( Kaup, 1829) but recent morphological and genetic evidence suggest it should be pl ...
, ''Aethia psittacula''
* Least auklet, ''Aethia pusilla'' (A)
* Crested auklet, ''Aethia cristatella'' (A)
*Rhinoceros auklet
The rhinoceros auklet (''Cerorhinca monocerata'') is a seabird and a close relative of the puffins. It is the only extant species of the genus ''Cerorhinca''. Given its close relationship with the puffins, the common name rhinoceros puffin has b ...
, ''Cerorhinca monocerata''
*Atlantic puffin
The Atlantic puffin ('), also known as the common puffin, is a species of seabird in the auk family. It is the only puffin native to the Atlantic Ocean; two related species, the tufted puffin and the horned puffin is found in the northeastern ...
, ''Fratercula arctica''
*Horned puffin
The horned puffin (''Fratercula corniculata'') is an auk found in the North Pacific Ocean, including the coasts of Alaska, Siberia and British Columbia. It is a pelagic seabird that feeds primarily by diving for fish. It nests in colonies, often ...
, ''Fratercula corniculata''
* Tufted puffin, ''Fratercula cirrhata''
Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, and skimmer
Skimmer may refer to: Animals
*Skimmer (bird), a common name for birds in the genus ''Rynchops''
*Skimmer (dragonfly), a common name for dragonflies in the family Libellulidae
*Water strider or skimmer, a common name for insects in the family Ge ...
s. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills, and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
*Black-legged kittiwake
The black-legged kittiwake (''Rissa tridactyla'') is a seabird species in the gull family Laridae.
This species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his landmark 1758 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' as ''Larus tridactylus''. The English ...
, ''Rissa tridactyla''
* Red-legged kittiwake, ''Rissa brevirostris'' (A)
*Ivory gull
The ivory gull (''Pagophila eburnea'') is a small gull, the only species in the genus ''Pagophila''. It breeds in the high Arctic and has a circumpolar distribution through Greenland, northernmost North America, and Eurasia.
Taxonomy
The ivory ...
, ''Pagophila eburnea''
* Sabine's gull, ''Xema sabini''
* Bonaparte's gull, ''Chroicocephalus philadelphia''
* Black-headed gull, ''Chroicocephalus ridibundus''
* Little gull, ''Hydrocoloeus minutus''
* Ross's gull, ''Rhodostethia rosea''
* Laughing gull, ''Leucophaeus atricilla''
* Franklin's gull, ''Leucophaeus pipixcan''
* Black-tailed gull, ''Larus crassirostris'' (A)
* Heermann's gull, ''Larus heermanni''
* Common gull, ''Larus canus'' (A) LC
*Short-billed gull
The short-billed gull (''Larus brachyrhynchus'') is a medium-sized species of gull that breeds in northwestern North America. In North America it was previously known as the mew gull, when it was considered conspecific with the palearctic common g ...
,''Larus brachyrhynchus''
* Ring-billed gull, ''Larus delawarensis''
* Western gull, ''Larus occidentalis''
* California gull, ''Larus californicus''
* Herring gull, ''Larus argentatus''
* Yellow-legged gull, ''Larus cachinnans'' (A)
*Iceland gull
The Iceland gull (''Larus glaucoides'') is a medium-sized gull that breeds in the Arctic regions of Canada and Greenland, but not in Iceland (as its name suggests), where it is only seen during winter. The genus name is from Latin ''larus'', whic ...
, ''Larus glaucoides''
* Lesser black-backed gull, ''Larus fuscus''
*Slaty-backed gull
The slaty-backed gull (''Larus schistisagus'') is a large, white-headed gull that breeds on the north-eastern coast of the Palearctic, but travels widely during nonbreeding seasons. It is similar in appearance to the western gull and the glaucou ...
, ''Larus schistisagus'' (A)
* Glaucous-winged gull, ''Larus glaucescens''
*Glaucous gull
The glaucous gull (''Larus hyperboreus'') is a large gull, the second-largest gull in the world. It breeds in Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and winters south to shores of the Holarctic. The genus name is from Latin ''larus'', which a ...
, ''Larus hyperboreus''
* Great black-backed gull, ''Larus marinus''
* Kelp gull, ''Larus dominicanus'' (A)
*Sooty tern
The sooty tern (''Onychoprion fuscatus'') is a seabird in the family Laridae. It is a bird of the tropical oceans, returning to land only to breed on islands throughout the equatorial zone.
Taxonomy
The sooty tern was described by Carl Linnaeu ...
, ''Onychoprion fuscatus'' (A)
* Bridled tern, ''Onychoprion anaethetus'' (A)
*Aleutian tern
The Aleutian tern (''Onychoprion aleuticus'') is a migratory bird living in the subarctic region of the globe most of the year. It is frequently associated with the Arctic tern, which it closely resembles. While both species have a black cap, th ...
, ''Onychoprion aleuticus'' (A)
* Least tern, ''Sternula antillarum'' (A)
* Gull-billed tern, ''Gelochelidon nilotica'' (A)
* Caspian tern, ''Hydroprogne caspia''
* Black tern, ''Chlidonias niger''
* White-winged tern, ''Chlidonias leucopterus'' (A)
*Roseate tern
The roseate tern (''Sterna dougallii'') is a species of tern in the family Laridae. The genus name ''Sterna'' is derived from Old English "stearn", "tern", and the specific ''dougallii'' refers to Scottish physician and collector Dr Peter McDoug ...
, ''Sterna dougallii''
* Common tern, ''Sterna hirundo''
*Arctic tern
The Arctic tern (''Sterna paradisaea'') is a tern in the family Laridae. This bird has a circumpolar breeding distribution covering the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of Europe (as far south as Brittany), Asia, and North America (as far south a ...
, ''Sterna paradisaea''
* Forster's tern, ''Sterna forsteri''
*Royal tern
The royal tern (''Thalasseus maximus'') is a tern in the family Laridae. The species is endemic to the Americas, though strays have been identified in Europe.Buckley, P. A. and F. G. Buckley (2020). Royal Tern (Thalasseus maximus), version 1.0. ...
, ''Thalasseus maximus'' (A)
* Sandwich tern, ''Thalasseus sandvicensis'' (A)
* Elegant tern, ''Thalasseus elegans'' (A)
*Black skimmer
The black skimmer (''Rynchops niger'') is a tern-like seabird, one of three similar birds species in the skimmer genus ''Rynchops'' in the gull family Laridae. It breeds in North and South America. Northern populations winter in the warmer water ...
, ''Rynchops niger'' (A)
Tropicbirds
Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head. * White-tailed tropicbird, ''Phaethon lepturus'' (A) * Red-billed tropicbird, ''Phaethon aethereus'' (A) *Red-tailed tropicbird
The red-tailed tropicbird (''Phaethon rubricauda'') is a seabird native to tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. One of three closely related species of tropicbird (Phaethontidae), it was described by Pieter Boddaert in 1783. Superfic ...
, ''Phaethon rubricauda'' (A)
Loons
Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae
Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely grey or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.
* Red-throated loon, ''Gavia stellata''
*Arctic loon
The black-throated loon (''Gavia arctica''), also known as the Arctic loon and the black-throated diver, is a migratory aquatic bird found in the northern hemisphere, primarily breeding in freshwater lakes in northern Europe and Asia. It winter ...
, ''Gavia arctica'' (A)
*Pacific loon
The Pacific loon or Pacific diver (''Gavia pacifica''), is a medium-sized member of the loon, or diver, family.
Taxonomy and etymology
The Pacific loon, previously considered conspecific with the similar black-throated loon, was classified as ...
, ''Gavia pacifica''
* Common loon, ''Gavia immer''
* Yellow-billed loon, ''Gavia adamsii''
Albatrosses
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae The albatrosses are amongst the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus ''Diomedea'' have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. * Yellow-nosed albatross, ''Thalassar chlororhynchus'' (A) * Black-browed albatross, ''Thalassarche melanophris'' (A) * Laysan albatross, ''Phoebastria immutabilis'' * Black-footed albatross, ''Phoebastria nigripes'' * Short-tailed albatross, ''Phoebastria albatrus''Southern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae
The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
* Wilson's storm-petrel, ''Oceanites oceanicus''
* White-faced storm-petrel, (A) ''Pelagodroma marina''
Northern storm-petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family. * European storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates pelagicus'' (A) * Fork-tailed storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates furcatus'' * Leach's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates leucorhous'' *Band-rumped storm-petrel
The band-rumped storm petrel, Madeiran storm petrel, or Harcourt's storm petrel (''Hydrobates castro'') is of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae.
Description
The band-rumped storm petrel is 19–21 cm in length with a 43–46 cm wi ...
, ''Hydrobates castro'' (A)
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
* Northern fulmar, ''Fulmarus glacialis''
*Trindade petrel
The Trindade petrel (''Pterodroma arminjoniana'') is a species of seabird and a member of the gadfly petrels. The bird is in size, with an wingspan.
The petrel has various color morphs: dark and light, as well as intermediates between the two. ...
, ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'' (VU)
* Murphy's petrel, ''Pterodroma ultima'' (A)
* Mottled petrel, ''Pterodroma inexpectata'' (A)
*Bermuda petrel
The Bermuda petrel (''Pterodroma cahow'') is a gadfly petrel. Commonly known in Bermuda as the cahow, a name derived from its eerie cries, this nocturnal ground-nesting seabird is the national bird of Bermuda and can be found pictured on Bermudi ...
, ''Pterodroma cahow'' (A)
* Black-capped petrel, ''Pterodroma hasitata'' (A)
*Hawaiian petrel
The Hawaiian petrel or ''uau'' (''Pterodroma sandwichensis'') is a large, dark grey-brown and white petrel that is endemic to Hawaii.
Distribution
The Hawaiian petrel was formerly found on all the main Hawaiian Islands except Niihau, but today i ...
, ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'' (A)
*Fea's petrel
The Fea's petrel (''Pterodroma feae'') is a small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus, '' Pterodroma''. It was previously considered to be a subspecies of the soft-plumaged petrel (''P. mollis''), but they are actually not closely related at al ...
, ''Pterodroma feae'' (A)
*Cook's petrel
Cook's petrel (''Pterodroma cookii'') or the blue-footed petrel, is a Procellariform seabird. It is a member of the gadfly petrels and part of the subgroup known as Cookilaria petrels, which includes the very similar Stejneger's petrel.
Morphol ...
, ''Pterodroma cookii'' (A)
* Streaked shearwater, ''Calonectris leucomelas'' (A)
* Cory's shearwater, ''Calonectris diomedea''
*Buller's shearwater
Buller's shearwater (''Ardenna bulleri'') is a Pacific species of seabird in the family Procellariidae; it is also known as the grey-backed shearwater or New Zealand shearwater. A member of the black-billed wedge-tailed ''Thyellodroma'' group, a ...
, ''Ardenna bulleri''
*Short-tailed shearwater
The short-tailed shearwater or slender-billed shearwater (''Ardenna tenuirostris''; formerly ''Puffinus tenuirostris''), also called yolla or moonbird, and commonly known as the muttonbird in Australia, is the most abundant seabird species in A ...
, ''Ardenna tenuirostris''
* Sooty shearwater, ''Ardenna griseus''
* Great shearwater, ''Ardenna gravis''
*Pink-footed shearwater
The pink-footed shearwater (''Ardenna creatopus'') is a species of seabird. The bird is in length, with a wingspan. It is polymorphic, having both darker- and lighter-phase populations. Together with the equally light-billed flesh-footed shea ...
, ''Ardenna creatopus''
* Flesh-footed shearwater, ''Ardenna carneipes'' (A)
*Manx shearwater
The Manx shearwater (''Puffinus puffinus'') is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. The scientific name of this species records a name shift: Manx shearwaters were called Manks puffins in the 17th century. Puffin is an ...
, ''Puffinus puffinus''
* Black-vented shearwater, ''Puffinus opisthomelas'' (A)
*Audubon's shearwater
Audubon's shearwater (''Puffinus lherminieri'') is a common tropical seabird in the petrel family. Sometimes known as the dusky-backed shearwater,Carboneras (1992) the specific epithet honours the French naturalist Félix Louis L'Herminier.
Cer ...
, ''Puffinus lherminieri'' (A)
*Barolo shearwater
The Barolo shearwater (''Puffinus baroli''), also known as the North Atlantic little shearwater or Macaronesian shearwater, is a small shearwater which breeds in the Azores and Canary Islands, Canaries of Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. ...
, ''Puffinus baroli'' (A) (Not yet assessed by the IUCN)
Storks
Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute. * Wood stork, ''Mycteria americana'' (A)Frigatebirds
Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white birds, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. * Magnificent frigatebird, ''Fregata magnificens'' (A)Boobies and gannets
Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
* Masked booby, ''Sula dactylatra'' (A)
* Nazca booby, ''Sula granti'' (A)
*Blue-footed booby
The blue-footed booby (''Sula nebouxii'') is a marine bird native to subtropical and tropical regions of the eastern Pacific Ocean. It is one of six species of the genus '' Sula'' – known as boobies. It is easily recognizable by its distinct ...
, ''Sula nebouxii'' (A)
*Brown booby
The brown booby (''Sula leucogaster'') is a large seabird of the booby family Sulidae, of which it is perhaps the most common and widespread species. It has a pantropical range, which overlaps with that of other booby species. The gregarious brow ...
, ''Sula leucogaster'' (A)
*Red-footed booby
The red-footed booby (''Sula sula'') is a large seabird of the booby family, Sulidae. Adults always have red feet, but the colour of the plumage varies. They are powerful and agile fliers, but they are clumsy in takeoffs and landings. They are f ...
, ''Sula sula'' (A)
* Northern gannet, ''Morus bassanus''
Anhingas
Order: SuliformesFamily: Anhingidae Anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above water. * Anhinga, ''Anhinga anhinga'' (A)Cormorants and shags
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of coloured skin on the face. The bill is long, thin, and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed. *Brandt's cormorant
Brandt's cormorant (''Urile penicillatus'') is a strictly marine bird of the cormorant family of seabirds that inhabits the Pacific coast of North America. It ranges, in the summer, from Alaska to the Gulf of California, but the population nort ...
, ''Urile penicillatus''
*Red-faced cormorant
The red-faced cormorant (''Urile urile''), red-faced shag or violet shag, is a bird species of the family Phalacrocoracidae.
Its range spans from the eastern tip of Hokkaidō in Japan, northern korean peninsula, via the Kuril Islands, the sou ...
, ''Urile urile'' (A)
* Pelagic cormorant, ''Urile pelagicus''
* Great cormorant, ''Phalacrocorax carbo''
* Double-crested cormorant, ''Nannopterum auritum''
* Neotropic cormorant, ''Nannopterum brasilianum'' (A)
Pelicans
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
*American white pelican
The American white pelican (''Pelecanus erythrorhynchos'') is a large aquatic soaring bird from the order Pelecaniformes. It breeds in interior North America, moving south and to the coasts, as far as Central America and South America, in winte ...
, ''Pelecanus erythrorhynchos''
* Brown pelican, ''Pelecanus occidentalis''
Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets, and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.
* American bittern, ''Botaurus lentiginosus''
* Least bittern, ''Ixobrychus exilis''
*Great blue heron
The great blue heron (''Ardea herodias'') is a large wading bird in the heron family Ardeidae, common near the shores of open water and in wetlands over most of North America and Central America, as well as the Caribbean and the Galápagos ...
, ''Ardea herodias''
* Grey heron, ''Ardea cinerea'' (A)
* Great egret, ''Ardea alba''
* Little egret, ''Egretta garzetta'' (A)
*Western reef-heron
The western reef heron (''Egretta gularis''), also called the western reef egret, is a medium-sized heron found in southern Europe, Africa and parts of Asia. It has a mainly coastal distribution and occurs in several plumage forms: a slaty-grey p ...
, ''Egretta gularis'' (A)
*Snowy egret
The snowy egret (''Egretta thula'') is a small white heron. The genus name comes from Provençal French for the little egret, , which is a diminutive of , 'heron'. The species name ''thula'' is the Araucano term for the black-necked swan, app ...
, ''Egretta thula''
* Little blue heron, ''Egretta caerulea'' (A)
* Tricolored heron, ''Egretta tricolor'' (A)
*Reddish egret
The reddish egret (''Egretta rufescens'') is a medium-sized heron that is a resident breeder in Central America, The Bahamas, the Caribbean, the Gulf Coast of the United States (primarily Texas), and Mexico. The egret is known for its unusua ...
, ''Egretta rufescens'' (A)
* Cattle egret, ''Bubulcus ibis''
*Green heron
The green heron (''Butorides virescens'') is a small heron of North and Central America. ''Butorides'' is from Middle English ''butor'' "bittern" and Ancient Greek ''-oides'', "resembling", and ''virescens'' is Latin for "greenish".
It was long c ...
, ''Butorides virescens''
*Black-crowned night-heron
The black-crowned night heron (''Nycticorax nycticorax''), or black-capped night heron, commonly shortened to just night heron in Eurasia, is a medium-sized heron found throughout a large part of the world, including parts of Europe, Asia, and N ...
, ''Nycticorax nycticorax''
* Yellow-crowned night-heron, ''Nyctanassa violacea'' (A)
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae Members of this family have long, broad wings, are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills. * White ibis, ''Eudocimus albus'' (A) * Glossy ibis, ''Plegadis falcinellus'' *White-faced ibis
The white-faced ibis (''Plegadis chihi'') is a wading bird in the ibis family, Threskiornithidae.
This species breeds colonially in marshes, usually nesting in bushes or low trees. Its breeding range extends from the western United States south ...
, ''Plegadis chihi''
* Roseate spoonbill, ''Ajaia ajaja'' (A)
New World vultures
Order: CathartiformesFamily: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.
* California condor, ''Gymnogyps californianus'' (Ex)
* Black vulture, ''Coragyps atratus'' (A)
* Turkey vulture, ''Cathartes aura''
Osprey
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic. * Osprey, ''Pandion haliaetus''Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
* White-tailed kite, ''Elanus leucurus'' (A)
* Swallow-tailed kite, ''Elanoides forficatus'' (A)
* Golden eagle, ''Aquila chrysaetos''
* Northern harrier, ''Circus hudsonius'' (Not yet assessed by the IUCN)
* Sharp-shinned hawk, ''Accipiter striatus''
* Cooper's hawk, ''Accipiter cooperii''
*Northern goshawk
The northern goshawk (; ''Accipiter gentilis'') is a species of medium-large bird of prey, raptor in the Family (biology), family Accipitridae, a family which also includes other extant diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards and harrier (bird) ...
, ''Accipiter gentilis''
*Bald eagle
The bald eagle (''Haliaeetus leucocephalus'') is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle (''Haliaeetus albicilla''), which occupies the same niche as ...
, ''Haliaeetus leucocephalus''
*Steller's sea-eagle
Steller's sea eagle (''Haliaeetus pelagicus''), also known as Pacific sea eagle or white-shouldered eagle, is a very large diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It was described first by Peter Simon Pallas in 1811. No subspecies are r ...
, ''Haliaeetus pelagicus'' (A)
* Mississippi kite, ''Ictinia mississippiensis'' (A)
* Red-shouldered hawk, ''Buteo lineatus''
* Broad-winged hawk, ''Buteo platypterus''
* Swainson's hawk, ''Buteo swainsoni''
* Zone-tailed hawk, ''Buteo albonotatus'' (A)
* Red-tailed hawk, ''Buteo jamaicensis''
*Rough-legged hawk
The rough-legged buzzard or rough-legged hawk (''Buteo lagopus'') is a medium-large bird of prey. It is found in Arctic and Subarctic regions of North America, Europe, and Russia during the breeding season and migrates south for the winter. It ...
, ''Buteo lagopus''
* Ferruginous hawk, ''Buteo regalis''
Barn-owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long, strong legs with powerful talons. *Barn owl
The barn owl (''Tyto alba'') is the most widely distributed species of owl in the world and one of the most widespread of all species of birds, being found almost everywhere except for the polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalaya ...
, ''Tyto alba''
Owls
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae
Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
* Flammulated owl, ''Psiloscops flammeolus''
* Western screech-owl, ''Megascops kennicottii''
*Eastern screech-owl
The eastern screech owl (''Megascops asio'') or eastern screech-owl, is a small owl that is relatively common in Eastern North America, from Mexico to Canada. This species is native to most wooded environments of its distribution, and more so th ...
, ''Megascops asio''
* Great horned owl, ''Bubo virginianus''
* Snowy owl, ''Bubo scandiacus''
* Northern hawk owl, ''Surnia ulula''
*Northern pygmy-owl
The northern pygmy owl (''Glaucidium californicum'') is a small owl native to western North America.
Taxonomy
Some taxonomic authorities, including the International Ornithologists' Union, separate this species from the mountain pygmy owl, th ...
, ''Glaucidium gnoma''
* Burrowing owl, ''Athene cunicularia''
* Spotted owl, ''Strix occidentalis''
* Barred owl, ''Strix varia''
* Great grey owl, ''Strix nebulosa''
* Long-eared owl, ''Asio otus''
* Short-eared owl, ''Asio flammeus''
* Boreal owl, ''Aegolius funereus''
* Northern saw-whet owl, ''Aegolius acadicus''
Kingfishers
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails. *Belted kingfisher
The belted kingfisher (''Megaceryle alcyon'') is a large, conspicuous water kingfisher, native to North America. All kingfishers were formerly placed in one family, Alcedinidae, but recent research suggests that this should be divided into three ...
, ''Megaceryle alcyon''
Woodpeckers
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae
Woodpeckers are part of the bird family Picidae, which also includes the piculets, wrynecks, and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar, and the extreme polar regions. M ...
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
* Lewis's woodpecker, ''Melanerpes lewis''
* Red-headed woodpecker, ''Melanerpes erythrocephalus''
* Acorn woodpecker, ''Melanerpes formicivorus'' (A)
*Red-bellied woodpecker
The red-bellied woodpecker (''Melanerpes carolinus'') is a medium-sized woodpecker of the family Picidae. It breeds mainly in the eastern United States, ranging as far south as Florida and as far north as Canada. Though it has a vivid orange-red ...
, ''Melanerpes carolinus''
* Williamson's sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus thyroideus''
*Yellow-bellied sapsucker
The yellow-bellied sapsucker (''Sphyrapicus varius'') is a medium-sized woodpecker that breeds in Canada and the northeastern United States.
Taxonomy
The yellow-bellied sapsucker was described and illustrated using a hand-coloured plate by the E ...
, ''Sphyrapicus varius''
* Red-naped sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus nuchalis''
* Red-breasted sapsucker, ''Sphyrapicus ruber''
*American three-toed woodpecker
The American three-toed woodpecker (''Picoides dorsalis'') is a medium-sized woodpecker (family Picidae), which is native to North America.
Description
This woodpecker has a length of , a wingspan of , and an average weight of ; its maximum li ...
, ''Picoides dorsalis''
*Black-backed woodpecker
The black-backed woodpecker (''Picoides arcticus''), also known as the Arctic three-toed woodpecker, is a medium-sized woodpecker ( long) inhabiting the forests of North America.
Taxonomy
The black-backed woodpecker was described and illustrat ...
, ''Picoides arcticus''
* Downy woodpecker, ''Dryobates pubescens''
* Hairy woodpecker, ''Dryobates villosus''
* White-headed woodpecker, ''Dryobates albolarvatus''
*Northern flicker
The northern flicker or common flicker (''Colaptes auratus'') is a medium-sized bird of the woodpecker family. It is native to most of North America, parts of Central America, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands, and is one of the few woodpecker spec ...
, ''Colaptes auratus''
* Pileated woodpecker, ''Dryocopus pileatus''
Falcons and caracaras
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae
The falcons and caracaras are around 60 species of diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order Falconiformes). The family is divided into three subfamilies, Herpetotherinae, which inclu ...
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
* Crested caracara, ''Caracara plancus'' (A)
* Eurasian kestrel, ''Falco tinnunculus'' (A)
* American kestrel, ''Falco sparverius''
*Merlin
Merlin ( cy, Myrddin, kw, Marzhin, br, Merzhin) is a mythical figure prominently featured in the legend of King Arthur and best known as a mage, with several other main roles. His usual depiction, based on an amalgamation of historic and le ...
, ''Falco columbarius''
* Gyrfalcon, ''Falco rusticolus''
*Peregrine falcon
The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan bird of prey (Bird of prey, raptor) in the family (biology), family Falco ...
, ''Falco peregrinus''
* Prairie falcon, ''Falco mexicanus''
Tyrant flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
*Small-billed elaenia
The small-billed elaenia (''Elaenia parvirostris'') is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.
It is found in Argentina, Aruba, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Netherlands Antilles, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname ...
, ''Elaenia parvirostris'' (A)
* Ash-throated flycatcher, ''Myiarchus cinerascens'' (A)
* Great crested flycatcher, ''Myiarchus crinitus''
* Great kiskadee, ''Pitangus sulphuratus'' (A)
* Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, ''Myiodynastes luteiventris'' (A)
* Variegated flycatcher, ''Empidonomus varius'' (A)
* Tropical kingbird, ''Tyrannus melancholicus'' (A)
*Cassin's kingbird
Cassin's kingbird (''Tyrannus vociferans'') is a large tyrant flycatcher native to western North America. The name of this bird commemorates the American ornithologist John Cassin.
Taxonomy
Cassin's kingbird was formally described in 1826 by En ...
, ''Tyrannus vociferans'' (A)
*Thick-billed kingbird
The thick-billed kingbird (''Tyrannus crassirostris'') is a large bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. Distribution and habitat
This bird breeds from southeastern Arizona and extreme southwestern New Mexico in the United State ...
, ''Tyrannus crassirostris'' (A)
* Western kingbird, ''Tyrannus verticalis''
* Eastern kingbird, ''Tyrannus tyrannus''
*Grey kingbird
The gray kingbird or grey kingbird (''Tyrannus dominicensis''), also known as pitirre, petchary or white-breasted kingbird, is a passerine bird. The species was first described on the island of Hispaniola, then called Santo Domingo, thus the ''do ...
, ''Tyrannus dominicensis'' (A)
* Scissor-tailed flycatcher, ''Tyrannus forficatus'' (A)
* Fork-tailed flycatcher, ''Tyrannus savana'' (A)
* Olive-sided flycatcher, ''Contopus cooperi''
*Western wood-pewee
The western wood pewee (''Contopus sordidulus'') is a small tyrant flycatcher. Adults are gray-olive on the upperparts with light underparts, washed with olive on the breast. They have two wing bars and a dark bill with yellow at the base of the ...
, ''Contopus sordidulus''
*Eastern wood-pewee
The eastern wood pewee (''Contopus virens'') is a small tyrant flycatcher from North America. This bird and the western wood pewee (''C. sordidulus'') were formerly considered a single species. The two species are virtually identical in appear ...
, ''Contopus virens''
*Yellow-bellied flycatcher
The yellow-bellied flycatcher (''Empidonax flaviventris'') is a small insect-eating bird of the tyrant flycatcher family.
Description
Adults have greenish upperparts and yellowish underparts (especially on the throat), with a dusky wash on the ...
, ''Empidonax flaviventris''
*Acadian flycatcher
The Acadian flycatcher (''Empidonax virescens'') is a small insect-eating bird of the tyrant flycatcher family.
Description
Adults have olive upperparts, darker on the wings and tail, with whitish underparts; they have a white eye ring, white ...
, ''Empidonax virescens''
* Alder flycatcher, ''Empidonax alnorum''
* Willow flycatcher, ''Empidonax traillii''
*Least flycatcher
The least flycatcher (''Empidonax minimus'') (also called chebec, or chebecker, after the sound it makes) is a small insect-eating bird. It is the smallest ''Empidonax'' flycatcher in eastern North America.
Taxonomy
The closest relative to the ...
, ''Empidonax minimus''
* Hammond's flycatcher, ''Empidonax hammondii''
* Grey flycatcher, ''Empidonax wrightii'' (A)
* Dusky flycatcher, ''Empidonax oberholseri''
*Pacific-slope flycatcher
The western flycatcher (''Empidonax difficilis'') is a small insectivorous bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is native to western North America, where it breeds in the Rocky Mountains and Pacific Coast forests and mountain ranges from California t ...
, ''Empidonax difficilis''
*Cordilleran flycatcher
The Cordilleran flycatcher (''Empidonax occidentalis'') is a small insect-eating bird. It is a small ''Empidonax'' flycatcher, with typical length ranging from 13 to 17 cm.
Adults have olive-gray upperparts, darker on the wings and tail, wi ...
, ''Empidonax occidentalis'' (A)
*Black phoebe
The black phoebe (''Sayornis nigricans'') is a passerine bird in the tyrant-flycatcher family. It breeds from southwest Oregon and California south through Central and South America. It occurs year-round throughout most of its range and migrates ...
, ''Sayornis nigricans'' (A)
*Eastern phoebe
The eastern phoebe (''Sayornis phoebe'') is a small passerine bird. The genus name ''Sayornis'' is constructed from the specific part of Charles Lucien Bonaparte's name for Say's phoebe, ''Muscicapa saya'', and Ancient Greek ''ornis'', "bird". ...
, ''Sayornis phoebe''
*Say's phoebe
Say's phoebe (''Sayornis saya'') is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. A common bird across western North America, it prefers dry, desolate areas. This bird was named for Thomas Say, the American naturalist.
Taxonomy
Say's phoebe ...
, ''Sayornis saya''
* Vermilion flycatcher, ''Pyrocephalus rubinus'' (A)
Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in colour and resemble wood warblers, apart from their heavier bills. * Black-capped vireo, ''Vireo atricapilla'' (A) * White-eyed vireo, ''Vireo griseus'' * Bell's vireo, ''Vireo bellii'' (A) * Hutton's vireo, ''Vireo huttoni'' * Yellow-throated vireo, ''Vireo flavifrons'' *Cassin's vireo
Cassin's vireo (''Vireo cassinii'') is a small North American songbird, ranging from southern British Columbia in Canada through the western coastal states of the United States. This bird migrates, spending the winter from southern Arizona (th ...
, ''Vireo cassinii''
*Blue-headed vireo
The blue-headed vireo (''Vireo solitarius'') is a Neotropical migrating song bird found in North and Central America. There are currently two recognized subspecies that belong to the blue-headed vireo. It has a range that extends across Canada an ...
, ''Vireo solitarius''
*Plumbeous vireo
The plumbeous vireo (''Vireo plumbeus'') is a small North American songbird, ranging from far southeastern Montana and western South Dakota south to the Pacific coast of Mexico, including the extreme southern regions of Baja California Sur. It is ...
, ''Vireo plumbeus'' (A)
*Philadelphia vireo
The Philadelphia vireo (''Vireo philadelphicus'') is a small North American songbird in the vireo family (''Vireonidae''). "Vireo" is a Latin word referring to a green migratory bird, perhaps the female golden oriole, possibly the European green ...
, ''Vireo philadelphicus''
*Warbling vireo
The warbling vireo (''Vireo gilvus'') is a small North American songbird.
Its breeding habitat is open deciduous and mixed woods from Alaska to Mexico and the Florida Panhandle. It often nests in widely spaced trees, often cottonwood or aspen, ...
, ''Vireo gilvus''
* Red-eyed vireo, ''Vireo olivaceus''
*Yellow-green vireo
The yellow-green vireo (''Vireo flavoviridis'') is a small American passerine bird. It is bird migration, migratory breeding from Mexico to Panama and wintering in the northern and eastern Andes and the western Amazon Basin.
Taxonomy
The yellow- ...
, ''Vireo flavoviridis'' (A)
Shrikes
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
* Brown shrike, ''Lanius cristatus'' (A)
* Red-backed shrike, ''Lanius collurio'' (A)
* Loggerhead shrike, ''Lanius ludovicianus''
* Northern shrike, ''Lanius borealis''
Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
* Canada jay, ''Perisoreus canadensis''
* Pinyon jay, ''Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus'' (A)
*Steller's jay
Steller's jay (''Cyanocitta stelleri'') is a bird native to western North America and the mountains of Central America, closely related to the blue jay found in eastern North America. It is also known as the long-crested jay, mountain jay, and pin ...
, ''Cyanocitta stelleri''
*Blue jay
The blue jay (''Cyanocitta cristata'') is a passerine bird in the family Corvidae, native to eastern North America. It lives in most of the eastern and central United States; some eastern populations may be migratory. Resident populations are a ...
, ''Cyanocitta cristata''
*California scrub-jay
The California scrub jay (''Aphelocoma californica'') is a species of scrub jay native to western North America. It ranges from southern British Columbia throughout California and western Nevada near Reno to west of the Sierra Nevada. The Calif ...
, ''Aphelocoma californica'' (A) (Not yet assessed by the IUCN)
*Woodhouse's scrub-jay
Woodhouse's scrub jay (''Aphelocoma'' ''woodhouseii''), is a species of scrub jay native to western North America, ranging from southeastern Oregon and southern Idaho to central Mexico. Woodhouse's scrub jay was until recently considered the sam ...
, ''Aphelocoma woodhouseii'' (A) (Not yet assessed by the IUCN)
* Clark's nutcracker, ''Nucifraga columbiana''
*Black-billed magpie
The black-billed magpie (''Pica hudsonia''), also known as the American magpie, is a bird in the corvid family found in the western half of North America. It is black and white, with black areas on the wings and tail showing iridescent hints of ...
, ''Pica hudsonia''
*Eurasian jackdaw
The western jackdaw (''Coloeus monedula''), also known as the Eurasian jackdaw, the European jackdaw, or simply the jackdaw, is a passerine bird in the crow family. Found across Europe, western Asia and North Africa; it is mostly resident, alt ...
, ''Corvus monedula'' (A)
* American crow, ''Corvus brachyrhynchos''
* Fish crow, ''Corvus ossifragus'' (A)
* Chihuahuan raven, ''Corvus cryptoleucus'' (A)
* Common raven, ''Corvus corax''
Tits, chickadees, and titmice
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. * Carolina chickadee, ''Poecile carolinensis'' * Black-capped chickadee, ''Poecile atricapillus'' * Mountain chickadee, ''Poecile gambeli'' *Chestnut-backed chickadee
The chestnut-backed chickadee (''Poecile rufescens''), formerly ''Parus rufescens'', is a small passerine bird in the tit family, Paridae.
It is found in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and western Canada, from southern Alaska to sout ...
, ''Poecile rufescens''
* Boreal chickadee, ''Poecile hudsonicus''
* Grey-headed chickadee, ''Poecile cinctus''
* Tufted titmouse, ''Baeolophus bicolor''
Larks
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. They feed on insects and seeds. * Eurasian skylark, ''Alauda arvensis'' * Horned lark, ''Eremophila alpestris''Swallows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. * Bank swallow, ''Riparia riparia'' * Tree swallow, ''Tachycineta bicolor'' *Violet-green swallow
The violet-green swallow (''Tachycineta thalassina'') is a small North American passerine bird in the Hirundinidae, swallow family. These aerial insectivores are distributed along the west coast from Alaska to Mexico, extending as far east as Mon ...
, ''Tachycineta thalassina''
* Northern rough-winged swallow, ''Stelgidopteryx serripennis''
*Purple martin
The purple martin (''Progne subis'') is a passerine bird in the swallow family Hirundinidae. It is the largest swallow in North America. Despite its name, the purple martin is not truly purple. The dark blackish-blue feathers have an iridescent s ...
, ''Progne subis''
* Barn swallow, ''Hirundo rustica''
*Cliff swallow
The cliff swallow or American cliff swallow (''Petrochelidon pyrrhonota'') is a member of the passerine bird family Hirundinidae, the swallows and martins. The generic name ''Petrochelidon'' is derived from Ancient Greek ''petros'' meaning "roc ...
, ''Petrochelidon pyrrhonota''
* Cave swallow, ''Petrochelidon fulva''
Long-tailed tits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae The long-tailed tits are a family of small passerine birds. Their plumage is typically dull grey or brown in colour. There is only one North American representative of this primarilyPalearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa.
The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sibe ...
family.
* Bushtit, ''Psaltriparus minimus''
Leaf warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The Arctic warbler breeds east into Alaska. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours. * Yellow-browed warbler, ''Phylloscopus inornatus'' (A) * Arctic warbler, ''Phylloscopus borealis'' (A) *Kamchatka leaf warbler
The Kamchatka leaf warbler (''Phylloscopus examinandus'') is a species of leaf warbler (family Phylloscopidae). It was formerly included in the "Old World warbler" assemblage. It is closely related to the Arctic warbler and the Japanese leaf warb ...
, ''Phylloscopus examinandus'' (A)
Kinglets
Order: PasseriformesFamily:Regulidae
A kinglet is a small bird in the family Regulidae. Species in this family were formerly classified with the Old World warblers. "Regulidae" is derived from the Latin word ''regulus'' for "petty king" or prince, and refers to the coloured crowns ...
The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small, insectivorous birds. The adults have coloured crowns, giving rise to their name.
* Ruby-crowned kinglet, ''Corthylio calendula''
* Golden-crowned kinglet, ''Regulus satrapa''
Waxwings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in the summer and berries in winter. * Bohemian waxwing, ''Bombycilla garrulus'' * Cedar waxwing, ''Bombycilla cedrorum''Silky-flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ptiliogonatidae The silky flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America. They are related to waxwings and most species have small crests. * Phainopepla, ''Phainopepla nitens'' (A)Nuthatches
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds, which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have large heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet. * Red-breasted nuthatch, ''Sitta canadensis'' *White-breasted nuthatch
The white-breasted nuthatch (''Sitta carolinensis'') is a species of bird in the nuthatch family Sittidae. It is a medium-sized nuthatch, measuring approximately in length. Coloration varies somewhat along the species' range, but the are lig ...
, ''Sitta carolinensis''
* Pygmy nuthatch, ''Sitta pygmaea''
Treecreepers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin, down-pointed, curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves vertically on trees. * Brown creeper, ''Certhia americana''Gnatcatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Polioptilidae These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish grey in colour and have the typical insectivore's long, sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails. * Blue-grey gnatcatcher, ''Polioptila caerulea''Wrens
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous. * Rock wren, ''Salpinctes obsoletus'' * Canyon wren, ''Catherpes mexicanus'' * House wren, ''Troglodytes aedon'' *Pacific wren
The Pacific wren (''Troglodytes pacificus'') is a very small North American bird and a member of the mainly New World wren family Troglodytidae. It was once lumped with '' Troglodytes hiemalis'' of eastern North America and '' Troglodytes trogl ...
, ''Troglodytes pacificus''
* Winter wren, ''Troglodytes hiemalis''
*Sedge wren
The sedge wren (''Cistothorus stellaris'') is a small and secretive passerine bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is widely distributed in North America. It is often found in wet grasslands and meadows where it nests in the tall grasses and sed ...
, ''Cistothorus platensis''
* Marsh wren, ''Cistothorus palustris''
* Carolina wren, ''Thryothorus ludovicianus''
* Bewick's wren, ''Thryomanes bewickii''
Mockingbirds and thrashers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull greys and browns in their appearance. * Grey catbird, ''Dumetella carolinensis'' *Curve-billed thrasher
The curve-billed thrasher (''Toxostoma curvirostre'') is a medium-sized mimid native to most of Mexico and to the deserts of southwestern United States. It is a non-migratory species, and throughout most of its range it is the most common deser ...
, ''Toxostoma curvirostre'' (A)
* Brown thrasher, ''Toxostoma rufum''
*Bendire's thrasher
Bendire's thrasher (''Toxostoma bendirei'') is a medium-sized species of thrasher native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is long, with a long tail and a medium-sized bill. Coloration is grayish-brown on its upperpar ...
, ''Toxostoma bendirei'' (A)
* Sage thrasher, ''Oreoscoptes montanus''
* Northern mockingbird, ''Mimus polyglottos''
Starlings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae
Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.
* European starling, ''Sturnus vulgaris'' (I)
* Crested myna, ''Acridotheres cristatellus'' (I) (Ex)
Dippers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae Dippers are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. They are unique among passerines for their ability to dive and swim underwater. * American dipper, ''Cinclus mexicanus''Thrushes and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
* Eastern bluebird, ''Sialia sialis''
* Western bluebird, ''Sialia mexicana''
* Mountain bluebird, ''Sialia currucoides''
* Townsend's solitaire, ''Myadestes townsendi''
*Veery
The veery (''Catharus fuscescens'') is a small North American Thrush (bird), thrush species, a member of a group of closely related and similar species in the genus ''Catharus'', also including the gray-cheeked thrush (''C. minimus''), Bicknell's ...
, ''Catharus fuscescens''
* Grey-cheeked thrush, ''Catharus minimus''
* Bicknell's thrush, ''Catharus bicknelli''
*Swainson's thrush
Swainson's thrush (''Catharus ustulatus''), also called olive-backed thrush and russet-backed thrush, is a medium-sized thrush. It is a member of genus ''Catharus'' and is typical of it in terms of its subdued coloration and beautiful, ascending ...
, ''Catharus ustulatus''
* Hermit thrush, ''Catharus guttatus''
* Wood thrush, ''Hylocichla mustelina''
*Mistle thrush
The mistle thrush (''Turdus viscivorus'') is a bird common to much of Europe, temperate Asia and North Africa. It is a year-round resident in a large part of its range, but northern and eastern populations migrate south for the winter, often ...
, ''Turdus viscivorus'' (A)
* Eurasian blackbird, ''Turdus merula'' (A)
*Dusky thrush
The dusky thrush (''Turdus eunomus'') is a member of the thrush family which breeds eastwards from central Siberia to Kamchatka wintering to Japan, South China and Myanmar. It is closely related to the more southerly breeding Naumann's thrush ...
, ''Turdus eunomus'' (A)
* Fieldfare, ''Turdus pilaris'' (A)
* Redwing, ''Turdus iliacus'' (A)
*Song thrush
The song thrush (''Turdus philomelos'') is a Thrush (bird), thrush that breeds across the West Palearctic. It has brown upper-parts and black-spotted cream or buff underparts and has three recognised subspecies. Its distinctive Birdsong, song, ...
, ''Turdus philomelos'' (A)
*American robin
The American robin (''Turdus migratorius'') is a migratory bird of the true thrush genus and Turdidae, the wider thrush family. It is named after the European robin because of its reddish-orange breast, though the two species are not closel ...
, ''Turdus migratorius''
*Varied thrush
The varied thrush (''Ixoreus naevius'') is a member of the thrush family, Turdidae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Ixoreus''.
Taxonomy
The varied thrush was formally described by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin ...
, ''Ixoreus naevius''
Old World flycatchers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae This a large family of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World. Species below only occurs in Canada as vagrants. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. *Siberian rubythroat
The Siberian rubythroat (''Calliope calliope'') is a small passerine bird first described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1776. It was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family, Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World ...
, ''Luscinia calliope'' (A)
* Bluethroat, ''Luscinia svecica''
* Siberian blue robin, ''Luscinia cyane'' (A)
* Red-flanked bluetail, ''Tarsiger cyanurus'' (A)
*Blue rock-thrush
The blue rock thrush (''Monticola solitarius'') is a species of chat. This thrush-like Old World flycatcher was formerly placed in the family Turdidae. It breeds in southern Europe, northwest Africa, and from Central Asia to northern China and M ...
, ''Monticola solitarius'' (A) LC
* Siberian stonechat, ''Saxicola maurus'' (A)
* Northern wheatear, ''Oenanthe oenanthe''
Accentors
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae Accentors are small, fairly drab species superficially similar, but unrelated to,sparrow
Sparrow may refer to:
Birds
* Old World sparrows, family Passeridae
* New World sparrows, family Passerellidae
* two species in the Passerine family Estrildidae:
** Java sparrow
** Timor sparrow
* Hedge sparrow, also known as the dunnock or hedg ...
s. However, accentors have thin sharp bills, reflecting their diet of insects in summer, augmented with seeds and berries in winter.
* Siberian accentor, ''Prunella montanella'' (A)
Old World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or greyish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. *House sparrow
The house sparrow (''Passer domesticus'') is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in most parts of the world. It is a small bird that has a typical length of and a mass of . Females and young birds are coloured pale brown and grey, a ...
, ''Passer domesticus'' (I)
* Eurasian tree sparrow, ''Passer montanus'' (I) (A)
Wagtails and pipits
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country. *Eastern yellow wagtail
The eastern yellow wagtail (''Motacilla tschutschensis'') is a small passerine in the wagtail family Motacillidae, which also includes the pipits and longclaws. It was often classified as a subspecies of the Western yellow wagtail.
This species ...
, ''Motacilla tschutschensis''
*Citrine wagtail
The citrine wagtail (''Motacilla citreola'') is a small songbird in the family Motacillidae.
Etymology
The term ''citrine'', and the specific name ''citreola'', refers to its yellowish colouration.
Taxonomy
Its systematics, phylogeny and taxon ...
, ''Motacilla citreola'' (A)
* Grey wagtail, ''Motacilla cinerea'' (A)
* White wagtail, ''Motacilla alba'' (A)
* Red-throated pipit, ''Anthus cervinus'' (A)
*American pipit
The buff-bellied pipit or American pipit (''Anthus rubescens'') is a small songbird found on both sides of the northern Pacific. It was first described by Marmaduke Tunstall in his 1771 ''Ornithologia Britannica''. It was formerly classified as a ...
, ''Anthus rubescens''
*Sprague's pipit
Sprague's pipit (''Anthus spragueii'') is a small songbird (passerine) in the family Motacillidae that breeds in the short- and mixed-grass prairies of North America. Migratory, it spends the winters in the southwestern United States and norther ...
, ''Anthus spragueii''
Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well. * Common chaffinch, ''Fringilla coelebs'' (A) * Brambling, ''Fringilla montifringilla'' (A) * Evening grosbeak, ''Coccothraustes vespertinus'' * Hawfinch, ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes'' (A) * Pine grosbeak, ''Pinicola enucleator'' * Grey-crowned rosy-finch, ''Leucosticte tephrocotis'' * House finch, ''Haemorhous mexicanus'' Badyaev, A. V., V. Belloni, and G. E. Hill (2020). House Finch (''Haemorhous mexicanus''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.houfin.01 Retrieved February 24, 2021 *Purple finch
The purple finch (''Haemorhous purpureus'') is a bird in the finch family, Fringillidae.
Taxonomy
This species and the other "American rosefinches" were formerly included with the rosefinches of Eurasia in the genus '' Carpodacus''; however, t ...
, ''Haemorhous purpureus''
* Cassin's finch, ''Haemorhous cassinii''
* Common redpoll, ''Acanthis flammea''
*Hoary redpoll
The Arctic redpoll or hoary redpoll (''Acanthis hornemanni'') is a bird species in the finch family Fringillidae. It breeds in tundra birch forest. It has two subspecies, ''A. h. hornemanni'' (Greenland or Hornemann's Arctic redpoll) of Greenlan ...
, ''Acanthis hornemanni'' (Not yet assessed by the IUCN)
*Red crossbill
The red crossbill or common crossbill (''Loxia curvirostra'') is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. Crossbills have distinctive mandibles, crossed at the tips, which enable them to extract seeds from conifer cones and other ...
, ''Loxia curvirostra''
*White-winged crossbill
The two-barred crossbill or white-winged crossbill (''Loxia leucoptera'') is a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. Etymology
The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. ''Loxia'' is from , "crosswise", and means "white-winged" ...
, ''Loxia leucoptera''
* Pine siskin, ''Spinus pinus''
* Lesser goldfinch, ''Spinus psaltria'' (A)
* American goldfinch, ''Spinus tristis''
* Oriental greenfinch, ''Chloris sinica'' (A)
Longspurs and snow buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas. * Lapland longspur, ''Calcarius lapponicus'' * Chestnut-collared longspur, ''Calcarius ornatus'' *Smith's longspur
Smith's longspur (''Calcarius pictus'') is a bird from the family Calcariidae, which also contains the other species of longspurs. A bird of open habitats, it breeds in northern Canada and Alaska, and winters in the southern United States. Primar ...
, ''Calcarius pictus''
*Thick-billed longspur
The thick-billed longspur, formerly known as McCown's longspur (''Rhynchophanes mccownii''), is a small ground-feeding bird in the family Calcariidae, which also contains the other longspurs and snow buntings. It is found in North America and is ...
, ''Rhynchophanes mccownii''
* Snow bunting, ''Plectrophenax nivalis''
*McKay's bunting
McKay's bunting (''Plectrophenax hyperboreus'') is a passerine bird in the longspur family Calcariidae. It is most closely related to the snow bunting (''P. nivalis''). Hybrids between the two species have been observed, leading some authorities ...
, ''Plectrophenax hyperboreus'' (A)
Old World buntings
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family. * Pine bunting, ''Emberiza leucocephalos'' (A) *Little bunting
The little bunting (''Emberiza pusilla'') is a passerine bird belonging to the bunting family (Emberizidae).
Taxonomy
First described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1776, the little bunting is a monotypic species, with no geographical variation acros ...
, ''Emberiza pusilla'' (A)
* Rustic bunting, ''Emberiza rustica'' (A)
* Yellow-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza aureola'' (A)
New World sparrows
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
* Cassin's sparrow, ''Peucaea cassinii'' (A)
* Bachman's sparrow, ''Peucaea aestivalis'' (A)
* Grasshopper sparrow, ''Ammodramus savannarum''
* Black-throated sparrow, ''Amphispiza bilineata'' (A)
* Lark sparrow, ''Chondestes grammacus''
* Lark bunting, ''Calamospiza melanocorys''
*Chipping sparrow
The chipping sparrow (''Spizella passerina'') is a species of New World sparrow, a passerine bird in the family Passerellidae. It is widespread, fairly tame, and common across most of its North American range.
There are two subspecies, the east ...
, ''Spizella passerina''
* Clay-coloured sparrow, ''Spizella pallida''
* Field sparrow, ''Spizella pusilla''
*Brewer's sparrow, ''Spizella breweri''
*Fox sparrow, ''Passerella iliaca''
*American tree sparrow, ''Spizelloides arborea''
*Dark-eyed junco, ''Junco hyemalis''
*White-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia leucophrys''
*Golden-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia atricapilla''
*Harris's sparrow, ''Zonotrichia querula''
*White-throated sparrow, ''Zonotrichia albicollis''
*Sagebrush sparrow, ''Artemisiospiza nevadensis'' (A)
*Bell's sparrow, ''Artemisiospiza belli'' (A)
*Vesper sparrow, ''Pooecetes gramineus''
*LeConte's sparrow, ''Ammospiza leconteii''
*Seaside sparrow, ''Ammospiza maritima'' (A)
*Nelson's sparrow, ''Ammospiza nelsoni''
*Saltmarsh sparrow, ''Ammospiza caudacuta'' (A) EN
*Baird's sparrow, ''Centronyx bairdii''
*Henslow's sparrow, ''Centronyx henslowii''
*Savannah sparrow, ''Passerculus sandwichensis''
*Song sparrow, ''Melospiza melodia''
*Lincoln's sparrow, ''Melospiza lincolnii''
*Swamp sparrow, ''Melospiza georgiana''
*Green-tailed towhee, ''Pipilo chlorurus'' (A)
*Spotted towhee, ''Pipilo maculatus''
*Eastern towhee, ''Pipilo erythrophthalmus''
Yellow-breasted chat
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteriidae This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers (Parulidae) but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017. *Yellow-breasted chat, ''Icteria virens''Troupials and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
*Yellow-headed blackbird, ''Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus''
*Bobolink, ''Dolichonyx oryzivorus''
*Eastern meadowlark, ''Sturnella magna''
*Western meadowlark, ''Sturnella neglecta''
*Orchard oriole, ''Icterus spurius''
*Hooded oriole, ''Icterus cucullatus'' (A)
*Bullock's oriole, ''Icterus bullockii''
*Baltimore oriole, ''Icterus galbula''
*Scott's oriole, ''Icterus parisorum'' (A)
*Red-winged blackbird, ''Agelaius phoeniceus''
*Shiny cowbird, ''Molothrus bonariensis'' (A)
*Bronzed cowbird, ''Molothrus aeneus'' (A)
*Brown-headed cowbird, ''Molothrus ater''
*Rusty blackbird, ''Euphagus carolinus''
*Brewer's blackbird, ''Euphagus cyanocephalus''
*Common grackle, ''Quiscalus quiscula''
*Great-tailed grackle, ''Quiscalus mexicanus'' (A)
New World warblers
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae
The wood warblers are a group of small, often colourful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
*Ovenbird, ''Seiurus aurocapilla''
*Worm-eating warbler, ''Helmitheros vermivorus'' (A)
*Louisiana waterthrush, ''Parkesia motacilla''
*Northern waterthrush, ''Parkesia noveboracensis''
*Golden-winged warbler, ''Vermivora chrysoptera''
*Blue-winged warbler, ''Vermivora cyanoptera''
*Black-and-white warbler, ''Mniotilta varia''
*Prothonotary warbler, ''Protonotaria citrea''
*Swainson's warbler, ''Limnothlypis swainsonii'' (A)
*Tennessee warbler, ''Leiothlypis peregrina''
*Orange-crowned warbler, ''Leiothlypis celata''
*Lucy's warbler, ''Leiothlypis luciae'' (A)
*Nashville warbler, ''Leiothlypis ruficapilla''
*Virginia's warbler, ''Leiothlypis virginiae'' (A)
*Connecticut warbler, ''Oporornis agilis''
*MacGillivray's warbler, ''Geothlypis tolmiei''
*Mourning warbler, ''Geothlypis philadelphia''
*Kentucky warbler, ''Geothlypis formosa'' (A)
*Common yellowthroat, ''Geothlypis trichas''
*Hooded warbler, ''Setophaga citrina''
*American redstart, ''Setophaga ruticilla''
*Kirtland's warbler, ''Setophaga kirtlandii'' (A)
*Cape May warbler, ''Setophaga tigrina''
*Cerulean warbler, ''Setophaga cerulea''
*Northern parula, ''Setophaga americana''
*Magnolia warbler, ''Setophaga magnolia''
*Bay-breasted warbler, ''Setophaga castanea''
*Blackburnian warbler, ''Setophaga fusca''
*Yellow warbler, ''Setophaga aestiva''
*Chestnut-sided warbler, ''Setophaga pensylvanica''
*Blackpoll warbler, ''Setophaga striata''
*Black-throated blue warbler, ''Setophaga caerulescens''
*Palm warbler, ''Setophaga palmarum''
*Pine warbler, ''Setophaga pinus''
*Yellow-rumped warbler, ''Setophaga coronata''
*Yellow-throated warbler, ''Setophaga dominica'' (A)
*Prairie warbler, ''Setophaga discolor''
*Grace's warbler, ''Setophaga graciae'' (A)
*Black-throated grey warbler, ''Setophaga nigrescens''
*Townsend's warbler, ''Setophaga townsendi''
*Hermit warbler, ''Setophaga occidentalis'' (A)
*Black-throated green warbler, ''Setophaga virens''
*Canada warbler, ''Cardellina canadensis''
*Wilson's warbler, ''Cardellina pusilla''
*Painted redstart, ''Myioborus pictus'' (A)
Cardinals and allies
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodlands. The sexes usually have distinct plumages. *Hepatic tanager, ''Piranga flava'' (A) *Summer tanager, ''Piranga rubra'' (A) *Scarlet tanager, ''Piranga olivacea'' *Western tanager, ''Piranga ludoviciana'' *Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'' *Pyrrhuloxia, ''Cardinalis sinuatus'' (A) *Rose-breasted grosbeak, ''Pheucticus ludovicianus'' *Black-headed grosbeak, ''Pheucticus melanocephalus'' *Blue grosbeak, ''Passerina caerulea'' (A) *Lazuli bunting, ''Passerina amoena'' *Indigo bunting, ''Passerina cyanea'' *Varied bunting, ''Passerina versicolor'' (A) *Painted bunting, ''Passerina ciris'' (A) *Dickcissel, ''Spiza americana''Notes
References
See also
*List of birds *Lists of birds by region *List of North American birds *List of mammals of Canada *List of amphibians of Canada *List of reptiles of Canada {{North American birds Natural history of North America, Birds Lists of birds of Canada,