List Of Bicycle-sharing Systems
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bicycle-sharing system A bicycle-sharing system, bike share program, public bicycle scheme, or public bike share (PBS) scheme, is a shared transport service where bicycles are available for shared use by individuals at low cost. The programmes themselves include bo ...
s, both docked and dockless. As of December 2016, roughly 1000 cities worldwide have bike-sharing programs.Bike-Sharing Programs Hit the Streets in Over 500 Cities Worldwide
Earth Policy Institute; Larsen, Janet; 25 April 2013


Bicycle sharing systems

The following table lists bicycle-sharing systems around the world. Most systems listed allow users to pick up and drop off bicycles at any of the automated stations within the network.


Europe

The advertising company
JCDecaux Decaux Group (JCDecaux SA, ) is a multinational corporation based in Neuilly-sur-Seine, near Paris, France, known for its bus-stop advertising systems, billboards, public bicycle rental systems, and street furniture. It is the largest outdoor ...
launched its ''"Cyclocity"'' programs initially in
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
, Austria in 2003 and in
Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of ...
, France in 2005. The company also started programs in other cities in Europe such as
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
, Córdoba, and
Kazan Kazan ( ; rus, Казань, p=kɐˈzanʲ; tt-Cyrl, Казан, ''Qazan'', IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzan is the capital city, capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and t ...
, as well as cities outside of Europe, such as
Brisbane Brisbane ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Queensland, and the third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of approximately 2.6 million. Brisbane lies at the centre of the South ...
, Australia.
Smart card A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC or IC card) is a physical electronic authentication device, used to control access to a resource. It is typically a plastic credit card-sized card with an embedded integrated circuit (IC) c ...
s are used to pay for use of the bikes. Competitor Clear Channel, then operating as Adshel, opened the first example of this in Rennes in 1997, and has several other sites including
Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...
, Stockholm,
Sandnes Sandnes () is a city and municipality in Rogaland, Norway. It lies immediately south of Stavanger, the 4th largest city in Norway and together, the Stavanger/Sandnes area is the third-largest urban area in Norway. The urban city of Sandnes lies ...
and
Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, an ...
, most generally similar to that offered by their competitor. A different financial model called
bicing Bicing is a Bicycle-sharing system in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, which was implemented in March 2007, promoted by the City Council. The municipal company Barcelona de Serveis Municipals (B:SM) is the manager of the service, while ...
is used in
Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...
, which is paid for by car owners parking on public streets and not by advertising – which is contracted to JCDecaux in some places.


France

French cities not included in the list above offering a bicycle sharing system include Lorient, Annemasse, and Aix-en-Provence.


Netherlands

In 1965, the group Provo painted fifty bicycles white and scattered them unlocked in downtown
Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population of 907,976 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban ar ...
for everyone to use freely. The bicycles were both stolen as well as impounded by the authorities, as a city ordinance forbade leaving unlocked bikes in public places. In September 1997, a pilot project for a public share system, based on the UK's ''Grippa'' racks was established in
Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte (river), Rotte'') is the second largest List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the Prov ...
for use by commuters but it was terminated the following year due to poor functionality of the electronic bike racks.


Norway

The first Norwegian bicycle-sharing system was introduced in
Sandnes Sandnes () is a city and municipality in Rogaland, Norway. It lies immediately south of Stavanger, the 4th largest city in Norway and together, the Stavanger/Sandnes area is the third-largest urban area in Norway. The urban city of Sandnes lies ...
in 1996. It consisted of 225 green DBS bikes that were free to use in the fashion of a first generation bicycle sharing system. The Sandnes system was converted to a
third generation Third generation may refer to: * ''Third Generation'' (album), a 1982 album by Hiroshima * ''The Third Generation'' (1920 film), an American drama film directed by Henry Kolker * ''The Third Generation'' (1979 film), a West German black comedy b ...
automated system in 2002. In 1998, Trondheim introduced a second generation system with 200 bicycles modeled after that of Copenhagen's. The Trondheim system was converted into a third-generation system in 2005. The following cities are known to have city bike arrangements. Some are prepaid automatic (for example Oslo), and some are manual (Tønsberg). In 2001,
Drammen Drammen () is a city and municipality in Viken, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konne ...
introduced a third-generation system together with Clear Channel.
Bergen Bergen (), historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipalities of Norway, municipality in Vestland county on the Western Norway, west coast of Norway. , its population is roughly 285,900. Bergen is the list of towns and cities in Norway, secon ...
, the second-largest city in Norway, has occasionally had city bikes, and as of 2018 and 2019 opened a new and improved system based on the system in Oslo together with and Urban Infrastructure Partner. *
Bergen Bergen (), historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipalities of Norway, municipality in Vestland county on the Western Norway, west coast of Norway. , its population is roughly 285,900. Bergen is the list of towns and cities in Norway, secon ...
*
Drammen Drammen () is a city and municipality in Viken, Norway. The port and river city of Drammen is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konne ...
*
Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...
-
Oslo Bysykkel Oslo Bysykkel ("Oslo City Bike") is a public bicycle sharing system in Oslo, Norway which is owned and operated by Urban Infrastructure Partner on behalf of Clear Channel Communications and in collaboration with the city of Oslo. The municipalit ...
(249 rental hubs as of April 2021) *
Sandnes Sandnes () is a city and municipality in Rogaland, Norway. It lies immediately south of Stavanger, the 4th largest city in Norway and together, the Stavanger/Sandnes area is the third-largest urban area in Norway. The urban city of Sandnes lies ...
*
Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, an ...
*
Tønsberg Tønsberg , historically Tunsberg, is a city and municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, eastern Norway, located around south-southwest of Oslo on the western coast of the Oslofjord near its mouth onto the Skagerrak. The administrative c ...


Portugal

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of th ...
has several bike-share systems implemented in various cities and towns. The largest is
Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits w ...
's GIRA public bike share system, a hybrid system currently operating with 700
pedelec A pedelec (from pedal electric cycle) or EPAC (''electronically power assisted cycle''), is a type of low-powered electric bicycle where the rider's pedalling is ''assisted'' by a small electric motor. However, unlike some other types of e-bi ...
and conventional bicycles served by 91 stations. As of 2021, a large expansion of Lisbon's bike share system is underway, expected to duplicate both fleet and coverage. Other systems with reasonable urban coverage for the size of their operating areas are those of
Vilamoura Vilamoura is a coastal resort in the Loulé municipality in Algarve, Portugal. It is one of the three corners of Algarve's Golden Triangle. Vilamoura comprises one of the largest single tourist complexes in Europe and with about 2,000 hectares ...
with 260 bicycles and 43 stations,
Torres Vedras Torres Vedras () is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Lisbon, approximately north of the capital Lisbon in the Oeste region, in the Centro of Portugal. The population was 83,075, in an area of . History In 1148, Afonso I took ...
with 260 bicycles and 20 stations, and
Vila do Conde Vila do Conde (, ; "the Count's Town") is a municipality in the Norte Region of Portugal. The population in 2011 was 79,533, in an area of 149.03 km². The urbanized area of Vila do Conde, which includes the parishes of Vila do Conde, Azurar ...
with 60 bicycles and 12 stations. The town of
Cascais Cascais () is a town and municipality in the Lisbon District of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The municipality has a total of 214,158 inhabitants in an area of 97.40 km2. Cascais is an important tourist destination. Its marin ...
with Portugal's second largest bike-sharing system has a relatively adequate geographical coverage of the municipality, but operating hours are limited (from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.), some stations have few or no bicycles available for long periods of time, and operations were suspended during 15 months, from the onset of the
COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identi ...
in mid-March 2020 until June 2021, when the system was gradually reactivated. Other systems are being implemented in various towns nationwide, mostly in towns along the central and northern coastal areas and in the
Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...
.


Romania

Timișoara ), City of Roses ( ro, Orașul florilor), City of Parks ( ro, Orașul parcurilor) , image_map = Timisoara jud Timis.svg , map_caption = Location in Timiș County , pushpin_map = Romania#Europe , pushpin_ ...
is the first Romanian city to introduce a public rent-a-bike system. The scheme is called VeloTM and has 25 stations and 300 bikes. The rent-a-bike system works with the
RATT Ratt is an American glam metal band formed in San Diego, California, in the 1970s, that had significant commercial success in the 1980s, with their albums having been certified as gold, platinum, and multi-platinum by the RIAA. The group is bes ...
card. Renting a bike is free; however, there is a fee for the card.


Russian Federation

Automated public bicycle sharing-services in Russia operate in
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
,
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
,
Kazan Kazan ( ; rus, Казань, p=kɐˈzanʲ; tt-Cyrl, Казан, ''Qazan'', IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzan is the capital city, capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and t ...
and
Almetyevsk Almetyevsk ( rus, Альме́тьевск, , ɐlʲˈmʲetʲjɪfsk; tt-Cyrl, Әлмәт, ''Älmät'') is a city in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Zay River ( Kama's tributary) southeast of Kazan. Population ...
(
Republic of Tatarstan The Republic of Tatarstan (russian: Республика Татарстан, Respublika Tatarstan, p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tətɐrˈstan; tt-Cyrl, Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan (russian: Татарстан, tt ...
). The system in Moscow is steadily expanding each year while the systems in Saint Petersburg and Kazan are struggling to survive. The system in Almetyevsk is dockless with about 300 pre-marked parking lots across the town where the bicycles must be left after use. A couple of smaller-scale dockless systems are deployed in Adlersky City District in
Sochi Sochi ( rus, Со́чи, p=ˈsotɕɪ, a=Ru-Сочи.ogg) is the largest resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi River, along the Black Sea in Southern Russia, with a population of 466,078 residents, up to 600,000 residents i ...
. ;Moscow The Velobike system debuted in 2013. In 2015 it was fully replaced by the Smoove-based solution using B'TWIN bicycles. In 2018 there were 430 parking stations in the system with 4300 bicycles. There were 424,736 registered users and 4.25 million trips taken that year. ;Saint Petersburg In 2020 the Smart Bike system was launched in
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. ;Other cities In 2020 Velobike opened in Murmansk, making it the northernmost bicycle-sharing system in the world. There are 10 stations in the city centre. In August 2020 Velobike opened in
Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...
. ;Mobee network The Russian-based Mobee bike-sharing company operates a few dockless bicycle-sharing networks. As of 2019, it has opened in three cities:
Sochi Sochi ( rus, Со́чи, p=ˈsotɕɪ, a=Ru-Сочи.ogg) is the largest resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi River, along the Black Sea in Southern Russia, with a population of 466,078 residents, up to 600,000 residents i ...
,
Volgograd Volgograd ( rus, Волгогра́д, a=ru-Volgograd.ogg, p=vəɫɡɐˈɡrat), formerly Tsaritsyn (russian: Цари́цын, Tsarítsyn, label=none; ) (1589–1925), and Stalingrad (russian: Сталингра́д, Stalingrád, label=none; ) ...
and
Saratov Saratov (, ; rus, Сара́тов, a=Ru-Saratov.ogg, p=sɐˈratəf) is the largest city and administrative center of Saratov Oblast, Russia, and a major port on the Volga River upstream (north) of Volgograd. Saratov had a population of 901, ...
.


Slovakia

In 2001, the not-for-profit organization BiCyBa released white bicycles into public use in
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approximately 140% of ...
, Slovakia. During the next three months, all the bikes were stolen or destroyed and the project was cancelled. In 2013, a new community-run bike-sharing program in Bratislava called White Bikes commenced service with about 100 bikes (donated by the local
Rotary Club Rotary International is one of the largest service organizations in the world. Its stated mission is to "provide service to others, promote integrity, and advance world understanding, goodwill, and peace through hefellowship of business, prof ...
) and over 60 stations as of December 2017. It is built on the Open Source Bike Share System based on SMS and a web app. It was started in 2013 by BikeKitchen initiative and
cycling advocacy Cycling advocacy consists of activities that call for, promote or enable increased adoption and support for cycling and improved safety and convenience for cyclists, usually within urbanized areas or semi-urban regions. Issues of concern typicall ...
NGO ''Cyklokoalicia''. There is no fee; membership is granted after initial introduction and training. Bikes are available year-round. The official
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approximately 140% of ...
city bike-sharing system Slovnaft Bajk was launched on 7 September 2018 in cooperation with
Slovnaft Slovnaft is an oil refining company in Slovakia. The company, located in Bratislava, is a subsidiary of MOL Group. History Slovnaft is the successor of the Apollo company. Apollo was established in 1895 in Bratislava Bratislava (, als ...
. It initially offered under 100 bicycles at around 80 stations. The number of bicycles increased to around 190 later, but users complained about the UX, broken bicycles, and the rental process. An estimated 23% of bicycles were non-functional or inaccessible for rental. Another free-floating bike sharing system,
Rekola Rekola is bicycle sharing system in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It started in Prague in 2013 as a small project of Vít Ježek. As of 2020, it is operating in six Czech cities, Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia and in the Finnish city of V ...
, from
Czechia The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Cz ...
was launched in September 2020. The first commercial bike-sharing system in Slovakia was launched in 2016 in the city of
Prievidza Prievidza (; hu, Privigye, german: Priwitz) is a city in the central-western Slovakia. With approximately 46,000 inhabitants it is the second biggest municipality in the Trenčín Region and 11th largest city in Slovakia generally. Name The ...
. (Green bicycle) has 19 stations and was expected to add 10 more in 2018. Bikes are not available during the winter season. Public transportation company
Arriva Arriva plc is a British multinational public transport company headquartered in Sunderland, England.Nitra Nitra (; also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia, situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the valley of the river Nitra. It is located 95 km east of Bratislava. With a population of about 78,353, it is the fifth l ...
in 2017. It is a complementary service for bus riders. It features seven docking stations. The price is €25 per year, €3 per day or €0.50 per hour. Bikes are not available during the winter season. Another commercial floating bike-sharing system was launched by a telecom provider, Antik Telecom, in
Košice Košice ( , ; german: Kaschau ; hu, Kassa ; pl, Коszyce) is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of a ...
in . They introduced their system to the districts of Rača and
Vajnory Vajnory is a small borough in the northeast of Bratislava, Slovakia. Milan Rastislav Štefánik international airport is located near Vajnory. Another airport - Vajnory Airport, which was the first airport in Slovakia - closed in 2006. Histo ...
in
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approximately 140% of ...
in .


Spain

The Ayuntamiento de Burgos runs a bike-sharing program in BiciBur,'Tu Bici, tu Ciudad' ''(Your Bike, your City)''
at BiciBur.es, Accessed 14 June 2017
with 23 locations, most with positions for ten bikes. Membership is €15 per year.


Sweden

The
Stockholm City Bikes Stockholm City Bikes is the name of a public-private partnership project of Stockholm in Sweden and the outdoor advertising unit of Clear Channel Communications. From 2006 till 2018 they operated a community bicycle program that allowed for re ...
system has more than 80 stands and 1,000 bikes. The system functions from April to October. The bike sharing system in Gothenburg, known as Styr & ställ, was launched in August 2010. The system has 60 stations and 1,000 bikes.


Switzerland

Switzerland possesses several bicycle sharing systems including PubliBike, Smide, and
oBike oBike was a Singapore-registered stationless bicycle-sharing system started by businessmen Shi Yi and Edward Chen with operations in several countries. The bikes have a built-in Bluetooth lock and can therefore be left anywhere at the end of a ...
, which was launched in Zurich on 5 July 2017. The PubliBike network consists of more than 500 stations and 5000 Bikes throughout the country. It includes nine stations on the
Lausanne campus The Lausanne campus or Dorigny university campus (French: ''campus lausannois'' or ''campus de Dorigny'') is a large area in Switzerland where the University of Lausanne (UNIL), the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and several ...
. oBike is said to have deployed 350 bikes in the city of Zurich at a rate of CHF 1.50 for 30 minutes, with a required CHF 129 deposit. The city of Zürich also has a free bike-rental program, "Züri rollt", with several pick-up and drop-off locations.


United Kingdom


England

In 1993, a ''Green Bike Scheme'' bike sharing programme was initiated in
Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...
, United Kingdom, using a fleet of some 300 bicycles. The overwhelming majority of bicycles in the fleet were stolen or missing within a year of the programme's introduction, and the Green Bike Scheme was abandoned. In an attempt to overcome losses from theft, bike sharing programmes adopted a so-called ' smart technology'. One of the first 'smart bike' programmes was the ''Grippa™'' bike storage rack system used in
Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council. Portsmouth is the most d ...
's ''Bikeabout'' scheme.Black, Colin, Faber, Oscar, and Potter, Stephen, ''Portsmouth Bikeabout: A Smart-Card Bike Club Scheme'', The Open University (1998) The ''Bikeabout'' scheme was launched in October 1995 by the
University of Portsmouth , mottoeng = Let us follow the Light , established = 1870 (Portsmouth and Gosport School of Science and Art) , type = Public , budget = £282.5 million (2020/21) , chancellor ...
, UK, as part of its ''Green Transport Plan'' in an effort to cut car travel by staff and students between campus sites. The ''Bikeabout'' scheme was a "smart card" fully automated system.Hoogma, Remco, et al, ''Experimenting For Sustainable Transport: The approach of Strategic Niche Management'', London: Spon Press, (2002), pp. 4–11, 176 For a small fee, users were issued 'smart cards' with magnetic stripes to be swiped through an electronic card reader at a covered 'bike store' kiosk, unlocking the bike from its storage rack. CCTV camera surveillance was installed at all bike stations in an effort to limit vandalism. Upon arriving at the destination station, the smart card was used to open a cycle rack and record the bike's safe return. A charge was automatically registered on the user's card if the bike was returned with damage or if the time exceeded the three-hour maximum. Implemented with an original budget of approximately £200,000, the Portsmouth ''Bikeabout'' scheme was never very successful in terms of rider usage, in part due to the limited number of bike kiosks and hours of operation. Seasonal weather restrictions and concerns over unjustified charges for bike damage also imposed barriers to usage. The ''Bikeabout'' program was discontinued by the university in 1998 in favour of expanded
minibus A minibus, microbus, minicoach, or commuter (in Zimbabwe) is a passenger-carrying motor vehicle that is designed to carry more people than a multi-purpose vehicle or minivan, but fewer people than a full-size bus. In the United Kingdom, ...
service; the total costs of the ''Bikeabout'' programme were never disclosed. Following the discontinuation of the University of Portsmouth's ''Bikeabout'' programme in 1998 (it had been launched in 1996), the introduction of new bicycle share systems proceeded more slowly in the United Kingdom than in the rest of Europe. In 2007, (another source gives early 2008) London mayor
Ken Livingstone Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945) is an English politician who served as the Leader of the Greater London Council (GLC) from 1981 until the council was abolished in 1986, and as Mayor of London from the creation of the office ...
promised that an extensive bicycle sharing system modelled on the Paris
Vélib' is a large-scale public bicycle sharing system in Paris, France. Launched on 15 July 2007, the system encompassed around 14,500 bicycles and 1,400 bicycle stations, located across Paris and in some surrounding municipalities, with an average d ...
system would be introduced in London during his final term in office. The scheme was not completed until
Boris Johnson Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (; born 19 June 1964) is a British politician, writer and journalist who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2019 to 2022. He previously served as ...
was in office, and consequently became known informally as "Boris Bikes". With initial sponsorship from
Barclays Barclays () is a British multinational universal bank, headquartered in London, England. Barclays operates as two divisions, Barclays UK and Barclays International, supported by a service company, Barclays Execution Services. Barclays traces ...
and later Santander, Transport for London launched the scheme in 2010. Hire under 30 minutes is free from special bicycle stands across the city, after a daily, monthly, or annual charge has been paid. Outside London, the largest bicycle-sharing scheme is the hire-a-bike operation in
Blackpool Blackpool is a seaside resort in Lancashire, England. Located on the northwest coast of England, it is the main settlement within the borough also called Blackpool. The town is by the Irish Sea, between the Ribble and Wyre rivers, and is ...
, operated by Hourbike, with 60 stations and 500 bikes. This scheme uses both RFID membership cards and instant point-of-sale memberships for both residential users and visitors. Hourbike also has schemes in Lincoln, Reading, Liverpool, Nottingham, and Southport in England as well as Dumfries, Scotland. In 2017,
ofo Ofo (), stylised as ofo, was a Beijing-based Bicycle-sharing system, bicycle sharing company founded in 2014. It used a Bicycle-sharing system#Dockless bikes, dockless system with a smartphone app to unlock and locate nearby bicycles, charging ...
, a
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), Chinese postal romanization, alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the Capital city, capital of the China, People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's Li ...
-based bike share company, announced plans to provide shared bike services to several British cities. In 2018, the company withdrew service to several British towns and reduced service area coverage to others as part of a global restructuring plan. In May 2017, Bristol became the first European city to have a hire-a-bike system operated by YoBike. Some bike-sharing schemes use mobile phone apps to reserve or sign out bikes. In the UK,
OYBike OYBike was a bicycle sharing scheme in west London, Reading, Farnborough and Cardiff in the United Kingdom. The Cardiff scheme ended 23 December 2011 with OYBike citing a lack of ongoing sponsorship. The program is similar to, but not exactly ...
ran small-scale operations at two universities, three business parks, three London boroughs, and a private hotel chain in London until 2011. Like Munich's ''Call-a-Bike'', OYBike used mobile phone technology to log use and charge for hires and could set up hire points in as little as 10 minutes. Brompton Bike Hire has 40 docks across 25 major locations in the UK, starting at £2.50 for 24 hours. It uses the same hardware as
BIXI Montréal BIXI Montréal is a public bicycle sharing system serving Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Launched in May 2009 by Public Bike System Company (PBSC), it is North America's first large-scale bike sharing system and the original BIXI brand of systems. P ...
, and members can rent a folding Brompton bike. The locations of the docks include London, Birmingham, Manchester, Bristol, Reading, Southampton, and Oxford. In 2018 the Singaporean-based company
oBike oBike was a Singapore-registered stationless bicycle-sharing system started by businessmen Shi Yi and Edward Chen with operations in several countries. The bikes have a built-in Bluetooth lock and can therefore be left anywhere at the end of a ...
launched in
London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
, with 400 dockless bikes and was anticipated to spread to other cities in the UK. In the UK, oBike's bike hire is 50p for 30 minutes, with a required £49 deposit. In June 2019, bicycle light company
Beryl Beryl ( ) is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Be3Al2Si6O18. Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and aquamarine. Naturally occurring, hexagonal crystals of beryl can be up to several ...
launched a dockless cycle share scheme in
Bournemouth Bournemouth () is a coastal resort town in the Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole council area of Dorset, England. At the 2011 census, the town had a population of 183,491, making it the largest town in Dorset. It is situated on the English ...
and
Poole Poole () is a large coastal town and seaport in Dorset, on the south coast of England. The town is east of Dorchester and adjoins Bournemouth to the east. Since 1 April 2019, the local authority is Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Counc ...
, which was extended to
Christchurch Christchurch ( ; mi, Ōtautahi) is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand and the seat of the Canterbury Region. Christchurch lies on the South Island's east coast, just north of Banks Peninsula on Pegasus Bay. The Avon Rive ...
the following year. Beryl also operates schemes in
Hereford Hereford () is a cathedral city, civil parish and the county town of Herefordshire, England. It lies on the River Wye, approximately east of the border with Wales, south-west of Worcester, England, Worcester and north-west of Gloucester. ...
,
Norwich Norwich () is a cathedral city and district of Norfolk, England, of which it is the county town. Norwich is by the River Wensum, about north-east of London, north of Ipswich and east of Peterborough. As the seat of the Episcopal see, See of ...
,
Watford Watford () is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England, 15 miles northwest of Central London, on the River Colne. Initially a small market town, the Grand Junction Canal encouraged the construction of paper-making mills, print works, and ...
and the
Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight ( ) is a county in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, from which it is separated by the Solent. It is the largest and second-most populous island of England. Referred to as 'The Island' by residents, the Is ...
. In June 2021,
Transport for Greater Manchester Transport for Greater Manchester (TfGM) is the public body responsible for co-ordinating transport services throughout Greater Manchester in North West England. TfGM is responsible for investments in improving transport services and facilitie ...
announced Beryl as the delivery partner to design, install and operate a 24/7, docked public cycle hire scheme made up of an initial 1,500 bikes and e-bikes at over 200 docking stations across Manchester,
Trafford Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, with an estimated population of 235,493 in 2017. It covers Retrieved on 13 December 2007. and includes the area of Old Trafford and the towns of Altrincham, Stretford, Ur ...
and
Salford Salford () is a city and the largest settlement in the City of Salford metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. In 2011, Salford had a population of 103,886. It is also the second and only other city in the metropolitan county afte ...
, in Greater Manchester. The scheme was scheduled to launch in November 2021.


Northern Ireland

Belfast Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom ...
launched a public bike hire scheme on 27 April 2015. The scheme was sponsored by Coca-Cola HBC Northern Ireland and is called
Coca-Cola Zero Belfast Bikes Belfast Bikes, also known for sponsorship reasons as Just Eat Belfast Bikes as is a public bicycle rental scheme which has operated in the city of Belfast since April 2015. At its launch, the scheme, which was then sponsored by Coca-Cola HBC, u ...
. The
Department for Regional Development The Department for Infrastructure (DfI, ga, An Roinn Bonneagair; Ulster-Scots: ''Depairment fur Infrastructure'') is a devolved Northern Ireland government department in the Northern Ireland Executive. Up until May 2016, the department wa ...
(DRD) provided initial capital funding for the scheme as part of their Active Travel Demonstration Projects budget. NSL oversees the daily operation of the scheme, while
Nextbike __FORCETOC__ nextbike is a German company that develops and operates public bike-sharing systems. The company was founded in Leipzig, Germany, in 2004. It operates in cities in 25 countries including Germany, UK, New Zealand, Poland, Croatia, ...
is responsible for the bikes. There are 33 docking stations with options for expansion depending on securing additional resources and council approval.


Scotland

Recent expansions to cities in Scotland included Glasgow and Stirling. Stirling's scheme was named "Pedalforth" following a competition in the community and comprises 100 bikes and 11 stations. Glasgow was provided with 400 bikes across 31 stations in 2014. In addition to this, in 2018, Edinburgh launched its own cycle hire scheme in partnership with
Just Eat Just Eat (formerly known legally as Just Eat plc) is an online food order and delivery brand of Netherlands-based Just Eat Takeaway.com, and a former food delivery company. Just Eat was founded as a separate company in 2001 in Kolding, Denmark ...
, titled Just Eat Cycles.


Wales

Cardiff Nextbike started a public bike hire scheme operating in Cardiff on 26 March 2018, with five docking stations and 50 bicycles.Cardiff Council, 30 March 2018: World's Most Extensive Bikeshare Operator Nextbikes Arrive in Cardiff
at businessnewswales.com, accessed 4 April 2018
The original plan was to have the public bike hire scheme operating in Cardiff by Autumn 2017 and to have 500 cycles at over 50 docking stations in the city. It came six years after OYBike ended a smaller scheme (with 10 stations), following the council's withdrawal of funding in 2011."Cardiff's new bike hire scheme expected to be up and running by this autumn", at walesonline.co.uk
Accessed 12 September 2017
Swansea Santander began a bike sharing scheme in
Swansea Swansea (; cy, Abertawe ) is a coastal city and the second-largest city of Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the C ...
in the summer of 2018. Initially, there were five docking station, with a sixth later being added in Mumbles. The scheme has proven popular and there are prospects of expanding the service in the city.


North America


Canada


Montréal, QC

The first widely deployed bicycle sharing system in Montréal was
BIXI Montréal BIXI Montréal is a public bicycle sharing system serving Montréal, Quebec, Canada. Launched in May 2009 by Public Bike System Company (PBSC), it is North America's first large-scale bike sharing system and the original BIXI brand of systems. P ...
, launched in 2009. It expanded to 6200 bicycles at 540 stations, making it the largest bicycle sharing system, alongside the one in Toronto. Although initial program costs were $15 million for planning and implementation of the Bixi project, subsequent expenses incurred in expanding the program have driven costs upwards of $23 million. The system was developed by
PBSC Urban Solutions PBSC Urban Solutions, formerly the Public Bike System Company, is an international bicycle-sharing system equipment vendor with their headquarters based in Longueuil, Quebec. The company develops bicycle-sharing systems, equipment, parts, and so ...
along with a consortium of vendors. The BIXI technology was later used in bike sharing systems in North America, Europe and Australia. The Montreal system was ranked by ''Time'' magazine as the 19th best invention of 2008. As of 2022, Bixi has 7 270 regular bikes, 2 395 pedal assist bikes and 794 stations.


Hamilton, ON

Sobi Hamilton Hamilton Bike Share (previously known as Social Bicycles Hamilton or SoBi Hamilton) is a bicycle sharing system located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It consists of 825 bicycles at 129 hubs located in the Downtown, Westdale, Ainslie Wood and Du ...
launched in March 2015 with 750 bicycles at over 100 stations.


Ottawa, ON

The Bixi system was implemented in June 2009 in
Ottawa Ottawa (, ; Canadian French: ) is the capital city of Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River in the southern portion of the province of Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the c ...
/
Gatineau Gatineau ( ; ) is a city in western Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, immediately across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region and is part of Canada's Na ...
as
Capital Bixi Capital Bixi was a public bicycle sharing system serving Ottawa, Ontario and Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. Launched in June 2009, it was the second BIXI system worldwide after BIXI Montréal. Capital Bixi was run by the National Capital Commissio ...
. It launched in 2009 as a pilot program with 100 bicycles and 10 stations. In 2012, it was expanded to 250 bicycles and 25 stations. Its owner, the NCC, sold it to US-based CycleHop in April 2014 when its operator, Montreal-based
Public Bike System Company PBSC Urban Solutions, formerly the Public Bike System Company, is an international bicycle-sharing system equipment vendor with their headquarters based in Longueuil, Quebec. The company develops bicycle-sharing systems, equipment, parts, and so ...
, filed for bankruptcy protection in January 2014. CycleHop renamed the service to VeloGo and replaced the fleet with 'smart' bicycles, where
GPS tracking A GPS tracking unit, geotracking unit, satellite tracking unit, or simply tracker is a navigation device normally on a vehicle, asset, person or animal that uses satellite navigation to determine its movement and determine its WGS84 UTM g ...
is built into each bicycle, instead of relying on base stations, as with Bixi system. VeloGo began its service in the summer of 2015.


Toronto, ON

From 2001 to 2006, BikeShare, operated by the Community Bicycle Network (CBN) in Toronto, was for a time the most popular community bicycle sharing program in North America. BikeShare was intended to overcome some of the theft issues by requiring yearly memberships to sign out any of the 150 refurbished yellow bikes locked up at 16 hubs throughout central Toronto. At its height, over 400 members could sign out a bike from any hub for up to three days. The hubs were located at stores, cafes, and community centres where the staff would volunteer their time to sign bikes out and in. Despite steadily increasing administrative, implementation, and maintenance costs, CBN could only charge users around 20 percent of actual costs, as users were unlikely to spend more than $50 per year for a membership. Without sufficient funds in the form of private and government grants, CBN discontinued BikeShare in 2006. Bixi Toronto launched in 2011 with 800 bicycles at 80 stations. In 2013, when
Public Bike System Company PBSC Urban Solutions, formerly the Public Bike System Company, is an international bicycle-sharing system equipment vendor with their headquarters based in Longueuil, Quebec. The company develops bicycle-sharing systems, equipment, parts, and so ...
acknowledged that it could not repay its $3.9 million loan to the city, the system was taken over by the Toronto Parking Authority and renamed Bike Share Toronto. In 2016, the city of Toronto signed a contract with PBSC to expand their system. Its network hosts 6,850 bicycles spread among 625 stations.


Vancouver, BC

In July 2016,
Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. ...
installed a bike sharing system,
Mobi Mobi or MOBI may refer to: Companies * Mobi (company), an American wireless provider Computing * .mobi, internet top domain name * .mobi, a file extension of the deprecated Mobipocket e-book format People * Mobi Fehr (born 1994), American socc ...
, operated by CycleHop Corp. Mobi launched with 1500 bicycles at 150 stations.


Victoria, BC

In September 2017 a dockless bike share became available in the city of
Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...
, starting with 150 bicycles. The dockless bike share was operated by U-Bicycle, but disappeared from the city's streets after a couple of years.


Edmonton, AB

From 2005 to 2008, a largely unregulated bike sharing program was operated by the Peoples' Pedal organisation in
Edmonton Edmonton ( ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is situated on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region. The city an ...
, Alberta. The program suffered from high theft and vandalism rates, with 95% of the bikes that had been placed into service stolen or missing by 2008.


Costa Rica

Cartago, east of
San José, Costa Rica San José (; meaning "Saint Joseph") is the capital city, capital and largest city of Costa Rica, and the capital of San José Province, the province of the same name. It is in the center of the country, in the mid-west of the Costa Rican Cen ...
, started a bikeshare program in 2017.


Mexico


Mexico City

Ecobici is one of the world's largest bicycle-sharing programs, with 452 stations covering a area. In February 2010, the government of Mexico City inaugurated a bicycle sharing network called Ecobici. With distinctive red and white liveried bicycles, the network as of February 2015 consists of 444 stations with 6,500 bicycles. With more than 240,000 registered users, it has been argued that Ecobici is the largest bicycle-sharing program in North America. The system is run by the private company Clear Channel México, but funded by the government with an initial investment of 75 million pesos. Users of the system are required to purchase an RFID card at a cost of 400 pesos which provides them with access to the bicycles for one year. Use of a bicycle is free for the first 45 minutes; extra charges are applied for use beyond the time limit.


Guadalajara

In December 2014, the government of the State of Jalisco implemented a bicycle sharing system called MiBici with 86 stations and 860 bicycles. As of August 2021, it has 300 stations with 3,200 bicycles. This system uses the technology and the hardware of PBSC.


Toluca

In November 2015, the Municipality of Toluca inaugurated a bicycle sharing system called Huitzi with 26 stations and 300 bicycles, using PBSC as a provider.


Pachuca

In February 2016, the Municipality of Pachuca inaugurated a bicycle sharing system called Bici Capital with six stations and 140 bicycles.


Puebla

Beginning in January 2017, Puebla was scheduled to have a system called Bici Puebla with 139 stations and 2,100 bicycles.


United States

In the United States, public bicycle share programs have largely centered around major cities and universities. Some corporate campuses have private systems. According to a report by the
National Association of City Transportation Officials The National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO) is a coalition of the Departments of Transportation in North American cities. Founded in 1996, NACTO has participated in a number of research initiatives dealing with surface tran ...
, a total of 35 million bike-share trips took place within the United States in 2017 across 100 bike-share systems across the country, operated by eight companies. Seattle led the way with a dockless bike sharing system in the U.S. in the summer of 2017, and other cities soon joined the ranks. Nine months later, about 44% of rides were dockless. The bikes became controversial in various cities; Dallas reportedly had 20,000 bikes on the streets, they were essentially banned in New York City and San Francisco, with Austin, Texas issuing emergency rules for their implementation.


Bikes Belong (Dem/Rep Conventions), 2008

In 2007, Bikes Belong (now known as PeopleForBikes), an advocacy group financed by major bicycle manufacturers, worked with city officials, local advocates, and the healthcare firm
Humana Humana Inc. is a for-profit American health insurance company based in Louisville, Kentucky. In 2021, the company ranked 41 on the Fortune 500 list, which made it the highest ranked (by revenues) company based in Kentucky. It has been the thir ...
to bring bike sharing to the Republican and Democratic 2008 conventions. Called "Freewheelin!" the program offered 1,000 bicycles at 12 stations throughout the downtowns of the host cities,
Denver Denver () is a consolidated city and county, the capital, and most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Its population was 715,522 at the 2020 census, a 19.22% increase since 2010. It is the 19th-most populous city in the Unit ...
and Minneapolis/St. Paul, over the five days of each convention. Bikes Belong's stated goal was to provide a proof-of-concept that large-scale bicycle sharing that had gained popularity in European cities could work in U.S. cities and provide a valuable addition to the transportation mix. The program was popular among conventioneers and helped the city of Denver to create a narrative around the "green" attributes of the convention. Both Denver and Minneapolis successfully pursued permanent bike sharing systems, with Denver B-cycle launching on 22 April 2010 as the first of its scale in the U.S., followed by Minneapolis' NiceRide system launching on 10 June 2010.


Aspen/Basalt, CO

The system was launched in 2013 with 16 stations and 200 bikes with provider PBSC.


Albany, NY

In 2017, CDPHP Cycle! launched in Albany and three other Capital region cities. The bikes can be locked to official docks or any other rack for a slightly higher fee.Explore the Capital Region on Two Wheels!
''cdphpcycle.com'', accessed 18 March 2020
The system is operated by CDTA.


Alpharetta, GA

Alpharetta offered a bike share program operated by
Zagster Zagster (est. in 2007) was a venture-funded startup company based in Boston, Massachusetts that designed, built and operated bike sharing programs for cities, universities, corporate campuses, hotels, and residential communities across the Unit ...
. Trips under three hours were free, and annual memberships were $20. Bikes could be rented from four stations throughout Alpharetta. Bikes could be taken anywhere, including Alpharetta's Big Creek Greenway– a 12-foot wide concrete path that stretches eight scenic miles terminating in Big Creek park. The service was suspended late May 2020 due to a large-scale Zagster shutdown, and all bicycles and stations were removed.


Atlanta, GA

In June 2016, Relay Bike Share launched as the bike share system for the City of Atlanta. The program, operated by Cyclehop and Social Bicycles, launched with 100 bicycles at 10 stations throughout the downtown area. The program aimed to offer 500 bicycles across the city by the end of 2016.


Austin, TX

In December 2013, Austin B-cycle was launched as the bike share system for the City of Austin with 11 stations. Austin B-cycle set a national bike share record for the most checkouts per bicycle in a single day, 10.1 checkouts per bike, on 14 March 2015 during the
SXSW festival South by Southwest, abbreviated as SXSW and colloquially referred to as South By, is an annual conglomeration of parallel film, interactive media, and music festivals and conferences organized jointly that take place in mid-March in Austin, T ...
. In July 2020, Capital Metro and the city of Austin finalized a partnership to improve Austin's mobility network utilizing the city-owned BCycle bike share system. This partnership, now called Metrobike, aims to create long-term bike share service improvements such as expanding the BCycle fleet and stations, optimizing the system's first and last-mile transit solution, improving services and reaching communities outside of the downtown core, and fully electrifying BCycle's fleet. As of March 2022, the MetroBike system operated more than 75 bike share stations with 800 bikes in the central Austin area.


Baltimore, MD

In May 2014, over 40 bicycles were stolen from
Baltimore Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore was ...
Recreation and Parks department's bike-share program. The bikes were stolen during the city's Ride Around Reservoir program in
Druid Hill Park Druid Hill Park is a urban park in northwest Baltimore, Maryland. Its boundaries are marked by Druid Park Drive (north), Swann Drive and Reisterstown Road (west and south), and the Jones Falls Expressway / Interstate 83 (east).Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
Mayor
Thomas M. Menino Thomas Michael Menino (December 27, 1942 – October 30, 2014) was an American politician who served as the 53rd mayor of Boston, from 1993 to 2014. He was the city's longest-serving mayor. He was elected mayor in 1993 after first serving three ...
and Director of Bicycle Programs, Nicole Freedman, decided to bring bike sharing to the Boston area. The Metropolitan Area Planning Council, the regional planning agency for the metro-Boston region of 101 cities and towns, joined the effort. Brookline, Cambridge, and Somerville also participated. On 28 July 2011, Boston launched its 60-station, 600-bike Hubway system, sponsored by the shoe manufacturer
New Balance New Balance Athletics, Inc. (NB), best known as simply New Balance, is one of the world's major sports footwear and apparel manufacturers. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, the multinational corporation was founded in 1906 as the New Balance Arch ...
and funded in part by a $3 million grant from the Federal Transit Administration. The contract to operate was awarded to
Alta Bicycle Share Motivate LLC (formerly Alta Bicycle Share and also Motivate International Inc.) is a company based in New York City that services bicycle sharing systems and other urban services in the North America. The systems provide a flexible method for co ...
and the equipment provider was
PBSC Urban Solutions PBSC Urban Solutions, formerly the Public Bike System Company, is an international bicycle-sharing system equipment vendor with their headquarters based in Longueuil, Quebec. The company develops bicycle-sharing systems, equipment, parts, and so ...
. Bicycle-sharing was greeted with a mix of excitement and skepticism. In its first two and a half months, Hubway recorded 100,000 station-to-station rides. After recording 140,000 trips in four months, Boston's European-style bicycle-sharing system expanded outside city limits, planting stations across
Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a university city and the county town in Cambridgeshire, England. It is located on the River Cam approximately north of London. As of the 2021 United Kingdom census, the population of Cambridge was 145,700. Cambridge bec ...
, Somerville, and
Brookline Brookline may refer to: Places in the United States * Brookline, Massachusetts, a town near Boston * Brookline, Missouri * Brookline, New Hampshire * Brookline (Pittsburgh), a neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania * Brookline, Vermont See ...
. In the spring of 2018 Motivate the operator of the system changed sponsors from Hubway to the
Blue Cross Blue Shield Association Blue Cross Blue Shield Association (BCBS, BCBSA) is a federation, or supraorganization, of, in 2022, 34 independent and locally operated BCBSA companies that provide health insurance in the United States to more than 106 million people. It was ...
and officially changed the name of the bike share program to Bluebikes Boston. As of December 2018, the system had deployed 262 stations with a fleet of over 2,500 bikes.


Boulder, CO

In May 2011,
Boulder, Colorado Boulder is a home rule city that is the county seat and most populous municipality of Boulder County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 108,250 at the 2020 United States census, making it the 12th most populous city in Colora ...
launched a bicycle sharing system, Boulder B-Cycle, with 100 bicycles and 15 stations. Like many in northern latitude cities, this system closes down during winter months to help preserve the life of the equipment.


Broward County, FL

Broward B-Cycle launched in December 2011 as the country's first county-wide bike share program, with 200 bikes and 20 stations located in several cities within
Broward County Broward County ( , ) is a county in the southeastern part of Florida, located in the Miami metropolitan area. It is Florida's second-most populous county after Miami-Dade County and the 17th-most populous in the United States, with over 1.94 m ...
, including
Fort Lauderdale A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facer ...
. This system was funded through a public-private partnership with the
Florida Department of Transportation The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) is a decentralized agency charged with the establishment, maintenance, and regulation of public transportation in the state of Florida. The department was formed in 1969. It absorbed the powers of t ...
providing a $311,000 grant through Broward County, and B-Cycle's sponsors providing the remainder of the initial capital and operating costs.


Buffalo, NY

Reddy Bikeshare launched in 2016 with 200 bicycles at 35 stations around the city.


Charleston, SC

In August 2013, the
College of Charleston The College of Charleston (CofC or Charleston) is a public university in Charleston, South Carolina. Founded in 1770 and chartered in 1785, it is the oldest university in South Carolina, the 13th oldest institution of higher learning in the Unit ...
's Office of Sustainability began a bike sharing program. This program's 16 bicycles are free to use for all full-time students, faculty, and staff members.


Charlotte, NC

A system of B-Cycle stands is installed downtown and in a few places nearby.


Chattanooga, TN

In July 2012, the Bike Chattanooga Bicycle Transit System launched in
Chattanooga, Tennessee Chattanooga ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. Located along the Tennessee River bordering Georgia, it also extends into Marion County on its western end. With a population of 181,099 in 2020 ...
with 300 bikes and 28 solar-powered stations by PBSC. It was the first large scale bicycle transit system in the Southeast. The system has expanded to 33 stations and had recorded over 78,000 trips by its second anniversary.


Chicago, IL

On 28 June 2013, Chicago launched Divvy, a bike share system with 750 bikes at 75 stations. As of September 2021, the system operates 16,500 bikes at over 800 stations, using both PBSC's hardware and software.


Cincinnati, OH

In September 2014, Cincinnati Red Bike started operation. It opened with 35 docking stations downtown, Over the Rhine, the University of Cincinnati's main campus, and surrounding areas. In 2015 Red Bike expanded to 50 stations with over 300 bikes and has a ridership of 100,000+ per year.


Cleveland, OH

On 21 September 2016, Cleveland launched its UH Bike system, with 250 bicycles and 22 stations distributed around the city.


Columbia, SC

In September 2018, Columbia launched BlueBikeSC with BlueCross BlueShield SC being the chief sponsor. In March 2019, the regions transit authority, The Comet (transit) expanded the bike share system adding 10 stations to the system with a $250,000 grant from the federal transit authority.


Columbus, OH

On 30 July 2013,
CoGo Bike Share CoGo Bike Share is a public bicycle sharing system serving Columbus, Ohio and its suburbs. The service is operated by the bikeshare company Motivate (part of Lyft, Inc.) It was created in July 2013 with 300 bikes and 30 docking stations, since ...
started in
Columbus, Ohio Columbus () is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio. With a 2020 census population of 905,748, it is the 14th-most populous city in the U.S., the second-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, an ...
. It opened with 300 bikes and 30 docking stations in downtown and surrounding areas, all provided by PBSC and operated by Motivate. In the summer of 2015,
Zagster Zagster (est. in 2007) was a venture-funded startup company based in Boston, Massachusetts that designed, built and operated bike sharing programs for cities, universities, corporate campuses, hotels, and residential communities across the Unit ...
launched a 115-bicycle, 15-station system on the
Ohio State University The Ohio State University, commonly called Ohio State or OSU, is a public land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio. A member of the University System of Ohio, it has been ranked by major institutional rankings among the best pub ...
campus. The university decided not to integrate with the city's CoGo system. The Ohio State University announced plans to integrate electric assist bicycles as part of its bicycle share program launching in 2015. The Zagster program at Ohio State University shut down in August 2018.


Denver, CO

On 22 April 2010, Denver became the first U.S. city with a large-scale smart-technology-enabled bicycle sharing system with the launch of Denver B-cycle. The system launched with 45 stations and 450 bicycles throughout downtown, downtown-adjacent neighborhoods, and on higher-education campuses. Denver B-cycle's roots came from the "Freewheelin" bike sharing program which operated for 6 days during the 2008 DNC convention in Denver. In Denver, several B-cycle rental stations are located at RTD Light Rail Platforms. The Denver B-cycle program varies in cost depending on use. Fees range from $8 per day to $80 per year. Denver's B-cycle needed months to reach 100,000 station-to-station rides.


Des Moines, IA

B-Cycle has partnered with the Des Moines Bicycle Collective, operating bike-sharing stations throughout the downtown core, East Village, Ingersoll, Sherman Hill, and Drake University neighborhoods. The system is in operation from 1 March - 30 November each year.


Detroit, MI

Mogo, a nonprofit affiliate of the Downtown Detroit Partnership launched MoGo Bike Share in the Greater Downtown area with 430 bicycles across 43 stations on 23 May 2017.


Eugene, OR

PeaceHealth Rides is administered by JUMP Bikes (formerly Social Bicycles, and now owned by Uber) and is a partnership of the City of Eugene, Lane Transit District, and the University of Oregon. The system launched in downtown Eugene, the Whiteaker neighborhood, and the area around the University of Oregon with 300 bicycles across 36 stations in April 2018. PeaceHealth, a not-for-profit Catholic health system with 10 hospitals in three states including one hospital in Eugene, is the sponsor.


Fargo, ND

In March 2015, bicycle advocacy nonprofit Great Rides Fargo launched Great Rides Bike Share, a system with 101 bicycles at 11 stations. The system was launched in partnership with North Dakota State University, where students are enrolled at no additional cost. It was the first system to include integrated card access for enrolled students.


Fort Wayne, IN

In April 2016, The city of
Fort Wayne Fort Wayne is a city in and the county seat of Allen County, Indiana, United States. Located in northeastern Indiana, the city is west of the Ohio border and south of the Michigan border. The city's population was 263,886 as of the 2020 Cens ...
announced a small system in its downtown area.


Fort Worth, TX

On 22 April 2013, Fort Worth Bike Sharing, a 501(c)3 non-profit organization, launched a B-cycle system consisting of 300 bikes and 30 stations serving Downtown, Near Southside, and Cultural District in Fort Worth, Texas. Fort Worth B-cycle is included in a program called "B-connected" which allows members of over 15 participating B-cycle cities to use their annual memberships for free in other cities.


Greenville, NC

The City of Greenville and nearby
Farmville ''FarmVille'' is a series of agriculture-simulation social network game developed and published by Zynga in 2009. It is similar to '' Happy Farm'' and ''Farm Town''. Its gameplay involves various aspects of farmland management, such as plowi ...
launched the bike share system LimeBike in early 2018. It serves citizens as well as students of
East Carolina University East Carolina University (ECU) is a public university, public research university in Greenville, North Carolina. It is the fourth largest university in North Carolina. Founded on March 8, 1907, as a Normal school, teacher training school, East ...
.


Harrisburg, PA

The City of
Harrisburg Harrisburg is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Dauphin County. With a population of 50,135 as of the 2021 census, Harrisburg is the 9th largest city and 15th largest municipality in ...
launched the Harrisburg Bike Share in late 2017 with 55 bikes through Zagster. 93% of the proceeds benefitted a state nonprofit to prevent school dropouts. In June 2020 the bike share program was shut down when Zagster ceased operations across the country.


Honolulu, HI

The City and County of Honolulu passed Bikeshare Resolution 14–35 on 14 March 2014. Bikeshare Hawaii, a local non-profit, operating as "Biki", started in June 2017 with about 100 stations and 1000 bicycles. During the first partial year, NACTO ranked Biki as the 8th most-ridden bike share service in the US. Biki reached 1 million rides after about 16 months of service. A 30% service expansion was undertaken in December 2018. The current service area extends from Iwilei to Waikiki / Diamond Head and mauka of H-I highway with about 1300 pedal bikes and over 130 stations. Biki had its first >100,000 ride month in October 2018 and had over 1 million rides during 2018. NACTO ranked Biki as the 6th most-ridden bike share service in the US for 2018. Biki chose PBSC's FIT model bicycle for its accessibility (lower weight and lower center of gravity), and as such has a much higher ratio of women riders (44%) than most US systems. Additionally, there is currently an independent small pilot program in Kailua (Hawai`i County) with three stations also utilizing PBSC equipment. This program received an additional small expansion grant in 2018.


Indianapolis, IN

On April 22, 2014,
Indianapolis Indianapolis (), colloquially known as Indy, is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion ...
launched a public bike-share program called
Indiana Pacers Bikeshare Indiana Pacers Bikeshare, also known as Pacers Bikeshare, is a public bicycle-sharing system in Indianapolis, Indiana. The service is operated by BCycle, a public bicycle-sharing company owned by Trek Bicycle Corporation. The system launched in ...
with 25 stations and 250 bikes. On 5 September 2019, the program expanded to include 21 more stations and 275 more bikes, bringing the program total to 525 bicycles and 50 stations.


Jersey City, NJ

On 21 September 2015, the Citi Bike system that started in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
in 2013 expanded across the Hudson River to
Jersey City, New Jersey Jersey City is the second-most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey, after Newark. The system experienced its first wave of expansion in July 2016 with 15 new stations and 150 additional bikes. The system currently boasts 50 stations with 500 bicycles throughout Jersey City.


Kansas City, MO

In 2012,
Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City (abbreviated KC or KCMO) is the largest city in Missouri by population and area. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city had a population of 508,090 in 2020, making it the List of United States cities by populat ...
launched Kansas City B-cycle in partnership with
Blue Cross Blue Shield Blue Cross Blue Shield Association (BCBS, BCBSA) is a federation, or supraorganization, of, in 2022, 34 independent and locally operated BCBSA companies that provide health insurance in the United States to more than 106 million people. It was ...
. The system currently has 30 stations and over 200 bicycles reaching downtown, Union Hill, Westport, Plaza and as of Summer 2015, Brookside Trolley Trail. North Kansas City will be adding 3 more stations in spring 2017 as well as several more coming to Midtown KCMO.


La Crosse, WI

On 20 April 2021, Drift Cycle was launched with 40 bikes at 8 stations in downtown La Crosse. In 2022, the system was expanded and improved with new bikes, a new app and two new stations at the
University of Wisconsin-La Crosse A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, th ...
and
Gundersen Health System Gundersen Health System (Gundersen Health) is a comprehensive non-profit health system based in La Crosse, Wisconsin. The system includes multi-specialty group medical practices, a teaching hospital, regional community clinics, affiliate hospita ...
. With the relaunch on 21 April 2022, there are ten stations and 50 bikes.


Los Angeles, CA

On 7 July 2016,
Los Angeles County Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, and sometimes abbreviated as L.A. County, is the List of the most populous counties in the United States, most populous county in the United States and in the U.S. state of California, ...
launched Metro Bike Share, a 1,400-bike system with equipment by B-Cycle, operated by Bicycle Transit Systems. It was the first North American system to be both branded as part of the public transit agency and accessible using the regional TAP card, though at the time of launch users were required to maintain separate accounts for each transit mode and pay separate fares.


Lincoln, NE

On 20 April 2018, BikeLNK was launched and as of 2019, is made up of 105 bicycles and 20 stations. The program has recorded over 70,000 trips in 18 months of usage.


Madison, WI

In 1996,
Madison, Wisconsin Madison is the county seat of Dane County and the capital city of the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2020 census the population was 269,840, making it the second-largest city in Wisconsin by population, after Milwaukee, and the 80th ...
, instituted its ''Red Bikes Project'', a public bike sharing program. These red-painted bicycles were available for the use of the general public, primarily in the student areas of State Street between the University of Wisconsin campus and the Wisconsin State Capitol. Initially, the only rule regarding the use of a ''Red Bikes Project'' bicycle was that it was required to remain outside and unlocked, and thus available for any passerby. After a surge in bicycle thefts and vandalism, the program was modified to require a valid credit card and $80 in security deposits for both the bicycle and the now-mandatory bicycle lock. The program is now only available seasonally, from spring (when all snow has melted) to 30 November.


Manhattan, KS

In 2015, the Green Apple Bikes bike-share system started in
Manhattan, Kansas Manhattan is a city and county seat of Riley County, Kansas, United States, although the city extends into Pottawatomie County. It is located in northeastern Kansas at the junction of the Kansas River and Big Blue River. As of the 2020 c ...
that makes single-speed cruisers available free for 4-hour periods. The program is funded by a consortium of businesses, and bicycles are maintained by volunteers.


Memphis, TN

On 23 May 2018, Explore Bike Share launched in Memphis, TN, and West Memphis, AR. The system was launched with 60 stations and 600 bicycles serving portions of West Memphis, Downtown Memphis, Uptown Memphis, Midtown Memphis, South Memphis, and Orange Mound, with a plan to add another 30 stations and 300 bicycles in 2019. The system uses B-Cycle equipment.


Miami and Miami Beach, FL

In March 2011, DecoBike launched in Miami Beach, Florida. The initial rollout of the program included "approximately 100 solar-powered stations and 1,000 custom-designed bikes available to residents and visitors." This public bicycle sharing and rental program is owned and operated by DecoBike, LLC, a Miami-based company, and operates under a long-term agreement with the City of Miami Beach. The service is available to both residents and visitors: any adult with a major credit card can check out a bike to pedal to their next location. An iPhone app and an interactive map on the DecoBike website allow one to locate the nearest "station" and displays the number of bikes available and the number of free docking spaces in real time.


Milwaukee, WI

In August 2014, the City of Milwaukee in partnership with a local non-profit organization, Midwest Bike Share, launched Bublr Bikes with 10 stations in downtown Milwaukee. The system grew to 17 stations by Fall 2015, and now there are 50 stations in the City of Milwaukee plus another 7 stations in the adjacent suburb of Wauwatosa(as of December 2016). Planning for additional stations within the City of Milwaukee is underway. Additionally, the adjacent communities of Shorewood and West Allis are expected to add around 7 stations each to the system in 2017. In May 2019 a project to add an additional 26 stations to the existing 87 was announced, with plans to have the additional stations online by summer 2020.


Minneapolis, MN

In June 2010, Minneapolis initiated Nice Ride, one of the first examples of a large-scale municipal bike sharing program in the United States. Phase 1 included 700 bikes and 65 stations throughout Minneapolis Due to popularity, the system was aggressively expanded into neighboring St. Paul, Minnesota, Saint Paul in 2011. As of 29 April 2012, Nice Ride had recorded a total of 330,000 trips, and a systemwide total of 1,330 bikes at 146 stations. The system is provided by PBSC. Minneapolis, Nice Ride needed six months to reach 100,000 station-to-station rides.


New Paltz, NY

The village of New Paltz (village), New York, New Paltz, New York, home of SUNY New Paltz, has a bicycle lending program.


New York City, NY

On Memorial Day, 27 May 2013, Cycling in New York City, New York City started its privately funded Citi Bike program. It was the nation's largest when it began operation, but Washington, D.C.'s system has grown faster. It began with 6,000 bikes at 330 docking stations in Manhattan and parts of Brooklyn. According to the city vision OneNYC the city wants to expand it to 12,000 bikes and 750 docking stations in Manhattan, all of Brooklyn and Queens . By 29 May, on its third day of operation, the program had 21,300 individuals signed on as annual members. Citi Bike is the largest bike sharing program in the United States. In August 2015, Citi Bike once again became the largest system in the United States with 400 stations. Jump Bikes, a dockless electric bicycle sharing system launched in the city in September 2017.


Oklahoma City, OK

On 18 May 2012, the Oklahoma City, City of Oklahoma City launched its bike share program known as Spokies. On 1 August 2014, Spokies became part of Embark (transit authority), EMBARK, Oklahoma City's transit agency. The system has eight docking stations and 145 bikes throughout downtown Oklahoma City.


Philadelphia, PA

On 23 April 2015, the Philadelphia, City of Philadelphia launched its privately funded Indego bike share program with 60 docking stations and 600 bikes, located in Center City, South Philadelphia, Northern Liberties, and University City. It used equipment by B-cycle, B-Cycle and was operated by Bicycle Transit Systems with a naming sponsorship from locally based health insurer Independence.


Phoenix, AZ

On 25 November 2014, Phoenix, Arizona, Phoenix launched Grid Bike Share with 100 bikes at 27 stations. It has since expanded to nearly 500 bikes at 48 stations and has plans to add another 200 bikes and 20 stations. Mesa, Arizona, Mesa, AZ, joined the system in March 2016, with 100 bikes at 14 stations, with plans to add another 200 bikes and 10–14 stations. Tempe, Arizona, Tempe, AZ, intends to join the three-city system in early 2017 with 300 bikes at 31 stations. In early December 2020, GRID announced the closure of the Bike Share program on 31 December 2020


Pittsburgh, PA

On 31 May 2015 Pittsburgh, during an Open Streets day, launched its Healthy Ride bike share program. The system launched with 50 docking stations and 500 bikes located in Downtown Pittsburgh, South Side Flats, North Shore (Pittsburgh), North Shore, Strip District, Pittsburgh, Strip District, Lawrenceville (Pittsburgh), Lawrenceville, Oakland (Pittsburgh), Oakland, Bloomfield (Pittsburgh), Bloomfield, and Shadyside (Pittsburgh), Shadyside.


Portland, OR

One of the first community bicycle projects in the United States was started in Portland, Oregon in 1994 by civic and environmental activists Tom O'Keefe, Joe Keating, and Steve Gunther. It took the approach of simply releasing a number of bicycles to the streets for unrestricted use. While Portland's ''Yellow Bike Project'' was successful in terms of publicity, it proved unsustainable due to theft and vandalism of the bicycles. The ''Yellow Bike Project'' was eventually terminated, and replaced with the ''Create A Commuter'' (CAC) program, which provides free secondhand bicycles to certain preselected low-income and disadvantaged people who need a bicycle to get to work or attend job training courses, On 19 July 2016 Portland, Oregon, Portland launched Biketown, a system with 1,000 GPS-enabled smart bikes sold by Social Bicycles and operated by Motivate (company), Motivate with a $10 million, five-year naming sponsorship by Nike, Inc., Nike. It was the continent's largest smart-bike system at the time of launch. The 100 stations covered 8.1 square miles but were concentrated most densely in downtown Portland and the Pearl and Northwest Districts. Funding came entirely from a $2 million allocation of federal dollars approved by the Metro (Oregon regional government), Metro regional government, from Nike, and from ongoing user fees and smaller sponsorships.


Salem, MA

In 2011, the city of Salem, Massachusetts launched a bike share program called Salem Spins, offering the use of bicycles free of charge, for use around the city. The seasonal program was financed in part with a $25,000 grant for a fleet of 20 bicycles. The program was offered from April to October until June 2020, when the city's private bike share partner
Zagster Zagster (est. in 2007) was a venture-funded startup company based in Boston, Massachusetts that designed, built and operated bike sharing programs for cities, universities, corporate campuses, hotels, and residential communities across the Unit ...
shut down.


Salt Lake City, UT

On 8 April 2013, Salt Lake City launched GREENbike as the region's Bike Share brand. The program launched in downtown Salt Lake City with 10 stations and added two new stations less than four months later. The program will be expanding to 20 stations by 2014 with the goal of 100 stations in downtown Salt Lake City. Satellite GREENbike systems in cities such as Ogden are in the works and will be connected by the state transit authority's Frontrunner light rail train.


San Diego, CA

Though the City of San Diego signed a 10-year contract with Discover (formerly DECO) Bike in 2013, a docked bike-share, in January 2018 the city attorney Mara Elliot opined that the city's contract did not preclude other companies from operating within city limits, as long as there were "no city support or participation, other than legally required reviews and approvals." Ofo (bike sharing), Ofo and LimeBike began operating on 15 February 2018. As of March 2018, Ofo, LimeBike, and Mobike offered dockless bike rentals within the city. LimeBike and Bird offer electric scooters, and LimeBike offered electric pedal-assist bikes as well. However, there have been some concerns in high-pedestrian corridors. Due to a breach of contract (according to the city of San Diego), the City of San Diego withdrew the operations permit for the Discover Bike in March 2019 and thus ended docked bike share service in the city.


San Francisco / Bay Area, CA

In August 2013 the Bay Area Bike Share system began operating in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. The system allocated half of its 700 bicycle fleet in San Francisco, and the rest along the Caltrain corridor in Redwood City, Palo Alto, Mountain View, California, Mountain View and San Jose, California, San Jose. In 2015, it was announced that the scheme would expand to 7,000 bikes, over 2016–2017, and would include the East Bay Area communities of Berkeley, California, Berkeley, Emeryville, California, Emeryville, and Oakland, California, Oakland.


Seattle, WA

On 13 October 2014, Pronto Cycle Share launched with 500 bicycles and 50 stations. Pronto uses Motivate of New York City as the operator. In January 2017, Seattle's mayor announced the system would be permanently shut down at the end of March 2017 due to funding shortfalls. Dockless systems by LimeBike and Spin (company), Spin were introduced in July 2017 as their first large-city systems in the US.


Stony Brook, NY

In April 2013, Stony Brook University launched the Wolf Ride Bike Share system with four stations and 48 bicycles. As of November 2015, the system consisted of 12 stations and 78 bicycles.


Topeka, KS

On 15 April 2015, Topeka Metro Bikes launched with 100 smart bikes and 10 stations. An additional 100 bikes were added to the system in April 2016. The program shut down in July 2020, and all 300 bikes were subsequently sold at auction. A local non-profit purchased the bikes, modified them to remove the electronics, and gave them to members of the community on a first-come, first-served basis.


Tucson, AZ

In 1996, a pilot bicycle share project known as the Orange Bike Project was organised in Tucson, Arizona by Bootstraps to Share, a homeless advocacy organisation inspired by the Bikes Not Bombs movement.Erickson, Jim, ''Climb on and Go: Orange Bicycles Provide Mobility — If You Can Find One'', The Arizona Daily Star, 15 November 1995 Using funds from a government grant to obtain, recondition, and maintain 30 bicycles, project organisers announced plans to station the bicycles in downtown Tucson and areas adjacent to the University of Arizona. The publicly shared bicycles, painted bright orange by Earl Scheib to identify them, were primarily intended for use by the homeless or those without means of affordable transportation. The initial 30 bicycles placed into service for the Orange Bike Project were all stolen within a few weeks.Bagwell, Keith, ''All 80 Bicycles Disappear From Free Public Use Program'', The Arizona Daily Star, 5 April 1996 A total of 80 bicycles were eventually used in the Orange Bike Project, all of which were either stolen or vandalised beyond repair. In one case, an Orange Bike Project bicycle was thrown in front of a freight train, in others, bikes were found with major frame damage consistent with deliberate vandalism. The program was terminated after only five months of operation.


Tulsa, OK

The Tulsa Townies bicycle project was launched in August 2007 by Saint Francis Health System. This project is the first bicycle program of its kind in northeastern Oklahoma. As of 2016, the bicycle rental stations were located at the Tulsa River Parks trail along Riverside Drive at 19th and 41st streets and in Jenks at the 96th street Arkansas River pedestrian bridge.


Washington, D.C., northern Virginia and suburban Maryland

In Washington, D.C., the privately operated bike-sharing project SmartBike DC opened for service in 2008 in the District of Columbia with 10 stations and 120 bikes. Operated by the advertising firm Clear Channel Outdoor, the system was funded by advertising revenues from bus shelters on public streets, along with revenues from user membership and usage fees. The program suffered from perennially low membership and rider usage rates, as well as a limited number of bike rental stations. It was officially terminated in January 2011. On 20 September 2010, Arlington County, Virginia and the District of Columbia launched the U.S.'s first public-private partnership bike share system, Capital Bikeshare (CaBi), which replaced SmartBike DC. Unlike SmartBike, CaBi is a public taxpayer-supported (local government and federal funds) bicycle sharing program. The initial scheme involved some 1,100 bicycles at 100 stations located throughout the District of Columbia and parts of Arlington County, Virginia. The cost of planning, implementation, and administration for Capital Bikeshare totaled US$5.0 million, with first-year operating costs of US$2.3 million for 100 stations. CaBi was operated by Alta Bicycle Share (now Motivate International) with equipment from Montreal-based
PBSC Urban Solutions PBSC Urban Solutions, formerly the Public Bike System Company, is an international bicycle-sharing system equipment vendor with their headquarters based in Longueuil, Quebec. The company develops bicycle-sharing systems, equipment, parts, and so ...
. Capital Bike Share was the largest bike sharing system in the United States until May 2013. As of 2017, Washington, D.C. had four dockless bike-share systems.


Wauwatosa, WI

In June 2017, the city of Wauwatosa, Wisconsin partnered with
Zagster Zagster (est. in 2007) was a venture-funded startup company based in Boston, Massachusetts that designed, built and operated bike sharing programs for cities, universities, corporate campuses, hotels, and residential communities across the Unit ...
to incorporate an adaptive bike-share station into their existing B-cycle, Bublr network. It was thought to be the first adaptive bike-share station in Wisconsin, and the dual partnership is thought to be the first of its kind in the United States.


California

In California, many cities have launched or have stated plans to launch their own bike-sharing programs, including the cities of Anaheim (as of 2012, 10 bikes and 1 station, with plans for 100 bikes and 10 stations), Los Angeles (as of 2012, plans for 4000 bikes at 400 stations), Santa Monica (as of 2012, plans for 250 bikes at 25 locations), and San Diego. The San Francisco Bay Area's Bay Area Air Quality Management District, in partnership with Alta Bike Share, city governments, and transportation authorities, announced plans for a pilot regional sharing program in 2013 for the San Francisco Peninsula and San Jose, California, San Jose. In the fall of 2009, the University of California, Irvine introduced its Zotwheels automated bike share program. Students and university employees may sign up for a Zotwheels membership card at an annual cost of $40, which enables the user to check out a bike from any bike station located throughout campus for a maximum of three hours and drop it off at any other station. A $200 charge is imposed for a lost, stolen, or severely damaged bike. Bicycle availability and station operational status may be determined using an interactive map. Revenues from membership fees are sufficient to offset only a small fraction of the total operating costs of the program; all remaining manufacture, installation, maintenance, and implementation costs of the Zotwheels systems and the bicycles themselves are borne by UCI. Zotwheels was developed as a collaboration between the UCI Parking and Transportation Services, The Collegiate Bicycle Company, CSL Ltd, and Miles Data Technologies. In January 2018, e-bike provider Jump Bikes launched in San Francisco, becoming the first dockless bicycle-sharing system to launch in the city. Ofo (bike sharing), ofo offers a partnership program with universities to provide sustainable campus transportation. On 21 February 2018, ofo and Pomona College in Claremont, California, Claremont, California launched the first college pilot program in California.


South America


Argentina


Rosario

On 2 December 2015 Rosario launched ''Mi bici tu bici'', which had 200 bicycles available at 18 rental stations downtown.


San Lorenzo

In November 2016, San Lorenzo launched ''Biciudad'', a free-to-use bike sharing system. The system was launched by the San Lorenzo Government to reduce the use of motor vehicles and enhance means of non-motorized transport. The Biciudad Bike Sharing System is expanding along with the construction of a circuit of exclusive lanes for bicycles across the city.


Brazil

Bike Rio, Bike Itaú is a public bicycle sharing system in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is run by
PBSC Urban Solutions PBSC Urban Solutions, formerly the Public Bike System Company, is an international bicycle-sharing system equipment vendor with their headquarters based in Longueuil, Quebec. The company develops bicycle-sharing systems, equipment, parts, and so ...
and started on 20 February 2018, and is sponsored by the municipal government of Rio de Janeiro in partnership with Itaú Unibanco, Banco Itaú. The system replaces the old one operated by Serttel, a private concessionaire, that began operations in October 2011. A similar scheme was implemented in the city of São Paulo on 24 May 2012, called Bike Sampa. It is free up to the first hour of use, after which users are charged R$5 every 30 minutes. There are about 140,000 registered users and, as of 6 May 2013, there had been 220,000 bicycle trips in the city. Other cities with similar bike sharing systems are operated by Serttel: Brasília, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, Bahia, Salvador, Porto Alegre, Santos, São Paulo, Santos, Recife, Belém, Manaus, Fortaleza, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Vitória and Aracaju. Fortaleza's bike sharing system, named , has the highest relative use in Brazil. With 800 bikes and 80 stations, the system registers 6.4 trips per bike on workdays as of 2015.


Chile

There are three separate bike-share systems in the metropolitan area of Santiago, the capital city of Chile: Bikesantiago, Bici Las Condes, and Mobike. The Communes of Chile, commune of Providencia, Chile, Providencia, part of the Santiago de Chile metropolitan area, implemented a public bike-share system named B'easy and started services in August 2008 with a monthly membership of 1000 Chilean Pesos (US$2) and four stations.


Santiago Metropolitan Area

Bikesantiago started its services in October 2013 in the metropolitan commune of Vitacura with 30 stations, 300 bicycles, and a monthly membership of 4990 Chilean pesos (US$8). By November 2015, it had 25000 subscribers, 132 stations, and 1882 bicycles in the communes of Lo Barnechea, Vitacura, Providencia, Chile, Providencia (Replacing the original B'easy system), Santiago (commune), Santiago, Ñuñoa, Recoleta (commune), Recoleta and Independencia, Chile, Independencia and had contracts for a programmed expansion in a total of 14 communes, 200 stations and 2100 bikes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago.


Las Condes

Bici Las Condes is the communal bike-share system of Las Condes, part of the Metropolitan Area of Santiago. It began service in March 2015 with a total of 50 stations and 500 bikes and had a planned expansion to a total of 100 stations and 1000 bikes. The decision of the Las Condes municipal council to not join the Metropolitan area tender for an interconnected bike-sharing system was controversial.


Colombia

The EnCicla Bike Share System in Medellín is operated by the metropolitan area of Aburrá Valley. EnCicla is integrated with the city's existing infrastructure of cycle routes, mass transit, and public transport systems.


Ecuador

In August 2012 the Municipality of Quito government established a municipal bicycle sharing system called Bici Q. The Municipality of Cuenca, Ecuador, Cuenca implemented a public bicycle sharing system in 2013. Bici Q is free and available for anyone with a membership card, which can be obtained online or in person.


Uruguay

The Movete Bike Share System in Montevideo is integrated with the city's existing infrastructure of cycle routes, mass transit and public transport systems.


Asia


Bangladesh

JoBike is a Bicycle-sharing system, bicycle sharing system serving the List of cities in Bangladesh, cities of Dhaka, Chittagong and Cox's Bazar. Launched in 2018, it is the first such system in Bangladesh.


China

Initially, a number of traditional (third-generation) docked public bike systems operated by local municipal governments opened across China, with the largest ones being in Wuhan and Hangzhou. The first was introduced in Beijing in 2007. However, third-generation bike sharing has not been considered successful in the majority of cities in China. Bike sharing in Beijing virtually stopped and also encountered difficulties in Shanghai and Wuhan. In 2014, students from Peking University created a company called ofo and initialize the fourth generation bike sharing system in their campus. In 2017, a number of private competing Mobile app, app-based dockless bike-sharing programs have started to appear in numerous cities across China. The two largest dockless operators are Mobike and Ofo (bike sharing), Ofo, others include Bluegogo and Xiaoming. Many Chinese cities saw massive growth in the number and use these dockless bike share programs, clogging sidewalks around major commercial hubs and subway stations with parked bikes. Given the speed of growth with these services, local governments did not have any regulations or planning to accommodate these systems. However the Chinese government encourages the development of dockless bikes to reduce urban pollution. Early studies in Beijing and Shanghai have linked the massive increase of dockless bike shares to the decrease in the number of private automobile trips that are less than five kilometres. In Guangzhou, the arrival of dockless bike shares had a positive impact in the growth of cycling mode share.


Beijing

A municipal scheme in Beijing was launched in 2012 with the stationing of 2,000 bikes in the Chaoyang district. The scheme was scheduled to consist of 20,000 rental bikes and 500 kiosks, according to the Beijing Municipal Commission of Development and Reform. The main operating area was to be in business districts and near Beijing Subway, subway stations and major public venues. By 2015, authorities intended to have 50,000 bikes available, similar to the Hangzhou scheme that was used as a model."A push for bicycles", ''South China Morning Post'', 11 January 2011 This development followed the failure of a scheme launched in 2005–2006 (ahead of Velib) and in the light of a 2011 announcement by the Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport that it expected to raise the bike share of urban commuter journeys from 20 to 23 percent by 2015. In March 2017, Beijing saw over 200,000 dockless shared bikes from various companies enter service. The bikes are accessible via an app, and typically cost around 1 RMB per hour plus a refundable damage deposit of 299 RMB. Aside from the dockless bicycles, an existing municipal-run, dock-based bike network has 86,000 bikes. The Beijing municipal government pledged to improve management and parking availability in response to the rapidly growing fleets of dockless bikes. Beijing cycling rates increased from 5.5% to 11.6% after the arrival of the dockless bike systems.


Shanghai

In preparation for the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, China, Shanghai launched a limited bike share programme accessible through RFID cards. Users could purchase 100-ride credits for about $30. Short rides are rewarded credits and longer rides subtract credits once the bikes have been re-docked. Shanghai planned to expand to 3,500 Bicycle Hot Spots throughout the entire city by 2010. Two years after the World Expo, Shanghai's bicycle sharing programme was mostly limited to the Minhang District. The Shanghai Bike Authority estimated that there are 280,000 shared bikes in Shanghai by March 2017, with a projected increase of 220,000 bikes by June. In March 2017, the government in Shanghai requested a temporary ban on the introduction of new private "dockless" shared bikes. Shanghai prepared regulations restricting the age of riders to between 12 and 70 and mandating the removal of bikes that have been in service for more than three years in a row. Mobike alone operates 100,000 bikes in Shanghai and has claimed to have made Shanghai into the city with the world's largest bike share network.


Haikou

Beginning around 2017, Haikou, the capital of Hainan province, experienced a massive increase in the number of dockless bikes by Ofo (bike sharing), Ofo, Mobike#Classic Mobike, Mobike, and Quick To. The Haikou#Public bicycle system, Haikou Public Bike System, a traditional municipal-run docked system, has about 20,000 bicycles.


Wenzhou

Wenzhou has multiple bike share programs serving different districts of the city. The first one opened in 2012, serving Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Lucheng District with about 5,000 bikes and 180 stations. In 2013, a bike share with 2,200 bikes and 66 stations opened in Longwan District. At the same time, a separate bike share program with 1,040 bikes and 32 stations opened in Ouhai District. The latter of the two was being expanded to 3,250 bikes and 109 stations as of 2017. According to local government records, more than 20,000 dockless bikes from various private bike share companies had entered service in Wenzhou as of 2017.


Guangzhou

Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit has a bike share program integrated around its stations. According to the local government, in 2017, Guangzhou had a fleet of over 700,000 bikes in various public and private bike share programs. On average 4 million trips each day were made using shared bikes. The local government is reviewing traffic management strategies and road design standards to accommodate the increase in cycling traffic.


Guilin

In 2014, Guilin City opened a docked bike sharing system with 3,000 bikes spread out over 100 stations.


Hangzhou

The Hangzhou Public Bicycle bike-sharing system has 60,600 bikes and was started in 2008. Bike-sharing stations can be found in Hangzhou every 100 metres. The first hour of use is free, followed by 1 yuan ($0.15) for the first hour, 2 yuan the second hour, and 3 yuan for each subsequent hour. In 2013 ''USA Today'' called the Hangzhou bike-sharing system the 'best in the world'. A March 2010 survey of Hangzhou Public Bicycle members and non-members found that 30% of users incorporated bicycle sharing into their most common commutes. Furthermore, the bicycle sharing system captured modal share from bus transit, walking, autos and taxis. Another key finding from the survey suggested that car ownership may not reduce the likelihood of bike sharing use. In fact, members of the Hangzhou system exhibited a higher rate of auto ownership in comparison to non-members. Before the arrival of private dockless systems, Hangzhou was the largest bike share system in the world until it was overtaken by Wuhan. In 2011, the system had 2,050 bike-share stations with a fleet of over 50,000 bikes and serving 240,000 trips per day. By 2015, it was expanded to over 84,000 bikes and 3,354 stations.


Nanning

Since December 2013, Nanning has had a bicycle sharing system with 1000 bicycles and 50 stations. The first hour of usage is free, and afterward it costs 2RMB/h. By 2014, it was expanded to about 25,000 bikes and 896 stations.


Ningbo

A municipal docked bike share program opened in 2013 with 7,500 bikes and 300 stations. By 2015, it was expanded to 30,000 bikes spread over 1,240 stations across the city.


Quanzhou

A municipal docked bike share program, operated by Taiwan-based YouBike, opened in 2016 with over 200 stations and a fleet of 6,000 bikes. As of 2017, it was being expanded to 410 stations with over 18,000 bikes.


Shaoxing

In 2011, a 1,500-bike, 26-station bike sharing system opened in Shaoxing. In 2012, it was expanded by 2,000 bikes and 50 stations. ;Suzhou The Suzhou Industrial Park has a bicycle sharing system (苏州工业园区公共自行车) with 1,880 bicycles and 72 stations, which launched in January 2012. ;Xi'an Since 2011, Xi'an has had a bicycle sharing system with 8,000 bicycles and 375 stations. By 2016, it was expanded to 52,000 public bicycles and 1,800 stations. ;Lanzhou In 2014, a bike sharing system was created around downtown Lanzhou with 377 stations. ;Kunming A municipal docked bike share program opened in 2015 with 5,000 bikes and over 700 stations. In 2017, the system was expected to consist of 2,500 bike stations as far south as Chenggong District and approximately 45,000 bicycles. Kunming expects to expand its bicycle-sharing system to 6,500 stations by 2019. Bicycles are free for the first hour, 0.5 yuan for each additional half hour, and 15 yuan for an entire day.


Hong Kong

Major bicycle-sharing operations in Hong Kong include ofo, Hoba Bike, Ketch'Up Bike, LocoBike, and oBike. The first dockless bike sharing provider in Hong Kong, Gobee.bike, launched in April 2017 but terminated in July 2018. Plans were announced by Cleantech Solutions in 2017 to enable users to rent bikes from multiple providers, by providing an app with a centralised list of available bicycles across all providers.


Iran


Tehran

In July 2016, the first Iranian modern public bike system was designed and established in Urmia city with 250 bikes in 20 stations by ASI company under the brand name "U Bike".


India


Mumbai

Mumbai operates two bicycle-sharing schemes,Travelwise: Bike sharing around the world
The Passport blog, BBC, 9 September 2011, Accessed 6 October 2011
and as of 2011 the Ministry of Urban Development (India), Ministry of Urban Development was preparing to launch a 10-city public bike scheme as part of its "Mission for Sustainable Habitat".Prioritise this scheme
The Hindu, 8 August 2011


Mysuru (Mysore)

Mysore was the first Indian city to initiate cycle sharing in 2009. As of 2009, it had 28 locations and 52 planned locations.


Ahmedabad

A MYBYK, MyByk cycle sharing program in Ahmedabad started with eight stations in the city in 2013. Subscribers can keep bicycles as long as required without having to return them.


New Delhi

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) launched a software-based Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS) scheme through which commuters can rent cycles from a residential area and travel to the nearest Metro station and then rent a cycle from a departing Metro station for use in nearby localities.


Bhubaneswar

In 2018, a Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS) system was launched in Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneshwar. The bikes included Hexi bikes, Yana and Yulu Bikes, Yulu, and comprised 2000 bikes overall.


Pune

Many bicycle sharing systems started in Pune. One system was initiated by PedalSaddle, providing cycles for rent for cheaper than public transportation. In January 2018, Chinese bicycle-sharing company Ofo (bike sharing), Ofo launched a Bicycle-sharing system#Dockless bikes, dockless bicycle-sharing services in Pune.


Other cities

Bicycle-sharing systems are used in other cities including Rajkot, Bhubaneswar, Vadodara, Vadodara (Baroda), Ranchi, Surat, Udaipur, Jamnagar and Panchkula.


Indonesia

;Bike2Work Bike2Work has operated as a bicycle-sharing network since 2004. As of 2015, it has 130 branches across Indonesia, including in Jakarta. ;Bandung Bandung municipal government operates 30 stations with 270 bikes, called Boseh Bikesharing.Detik: Begini Mudahnya Sewa Sepeda 'Boseh' di Kota Bandung
Detiknews, Rabu 13 September 2017, Accessed 11 Januari 2018
; Jakarta Gowes, which means "to paddle" in Indonesian, started operation in limited areas of Jakarta in 2018.


Israel

;Tel-Aviv Tel-O-Fun, started in 2011, is a bicycle sharing program in Tel-Aviv with 2,000 bicycles and 200 stations throughout the city and in some surrounding towns.


Japan

According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism as of 2012, there were a number of city-level pilot schemes in operation in Japan, the largest of which was in Tokyo's Edogawa, Tokyo, Edogawa City with 500 cycles available for hire. Toyama, Toyama, Toyama also has a bicycle sharing system, that takes the region's public transit IC card Passca.


Kazakhstan

Astana-Bike in the capital Astana, has 200 bikes in 40 stations, and 1000 bikes for Expo 2017. Shymkent-bike in Shymkent, 200 bikes in 44 stations. Almaty-bike in Almaty, September 2016.


Malaysia


George Town

LinkBike in George Town, Penang, George Town, Penang commenced operations in December 2016 with 60 bicycles, making it the first List of cities in Malaysia, city in Malaysia to introduce a Bicycle-sharing system, public bicycle-sharing system. This service has since been expanded to 250 bicycles and 25 stations throughout George Town, covering destinations between Gurney Drive, George Town, Gurney Drive to the north and Queensbay Mall to the south.


Kota Kinabalu

In March 2017, the Kota Kinabalu City Hall implemented a bicycle sharing service with 20 bicycles initially made available. Users of the service were required to have a City Hall 'touch and go' card with RM200 (U$45) as a deposit to use a bicycle for 24 hours. The deposit was refunded when the bicycle was returned. Its stations are available in major hotels in the city as well as in Tanjung Lipat and in front of the Grace Court apartment in Sembulan, with another 150 bicycles available in stores.


Klang Valley

The LRT/KTM station was selected for a bicycle sharing system from the Singaporean company oBike in 2017. Riders were to be charged RM1.00 per 15 minutes of usage.


South Korea


Seoul

Following trials, a bike-sharing system named Ddareungi was introduced in Seoul in October 2015 in select areas on the right bank of the Han River (Korea), Han River. After a few months, the number of stations reached 150 and 1500 bikes were made available. In 2016, the number of stations increased to cover new districts. As of July 2016, there were about 300 stations and 3000 bikes available, and Seoul mayor Park Won-soon confirmed his intention to increase the number of bikes available to 20,000.


Daejeon


Taiwan


National systems

YouBike is the largest bicycle-sharing service in Taiwan. Launched in Taipei City in 2009 and expanded through cooperation between the Taipei City Government and Taiwanese bike manufacturer Giant Bicycles, Giant, the system saw 22 million rentals in 2014, double the 11 million rentals in the previous year.Two wheels make a comeback in Taiwan
BBC News, 11 February 2015
Singaporean dockless bicycle-sharing platform oBike launched in Taiwan in April 2017 under the management of Taiwan's Aozhi Network Technology Co., Ltd. The parking of the bikes in public areas such as sidewalks and motorcycle parking spaces caused controversy.


Kaohsiung

The southern city of Kaohsiung launched the country's first bicycle-sharing service, CityBike, on 1 March 2009 with 20 stations and 1,500 Merida Bikes, Merida bikes.


Turkey

Public bike sharing services in Turkey use the Baksi (company), Baksi system. In Istanbul, the system called İsbike, which was launched in 2012, has 140 stations and 1,500 bikes. In İzmir, the Metropolitan Municipality launched a system called Bisim in 2014. It had 40 stations and 550 bikes as of 2020. Similar systems are operational in Antalya, Eskişehir, Kayseri, Kocaeli Province, Kocaeli, Konya, and Samsun.


United Arab Emirates

ADCB Bikeshare scheme operates in the nation's capital city of Abu Dhabi, and is sponsored by Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank. ADCB Bikeshare launched in December 2015. Run by Cyacle, the programme operates on Yas Island and Al Raha Beach, where there are 11 stations with 75 bicycles available for hire. In the first eight months of operation, 5,641 people became members of the scheme and rode 78,689 kilometres (48,895 miles) on 8,536 trips. The German bike sharing company
Nextbike __FORCETOC__ nextbike is a German company that develops and operates public bike-sharing systems. The company was founded in Leipzig, Germany, in 2004. It operates in cities in 25 countries including Germany, UK, New Zealand, Poland, Croatia, ...
temporarily also operated a bike sharing scheme in Dubai, but apparently discontinued it.


Australasia


Australia

A number of Australian cities have had docking shared bike systems since 2010. In 2017, dockless bike sharing commenced in all the capital cities. The dockless systems experienced a higher degree of vandalism, including bikes dumped in rivers, than in other countries. The dockless services all provided helmets with the bikes.


Docked systems

Melbourne Bike Share (MBS) was the first municipal bicycle share system in Australia, launched in Melbourne in June 2010. It started with 10 stations. Usage was lower than expected and has required ongoing public subsidy. Take-up was affected by the location of docking stations and the Bicycle helmets in Australia, legal requirement for riders wear helmets, which are not provided with the bikes. Ridership doubled when $5 helmets were offered for sale from vending machines. The MBS used 500 cycles at about 50 stations around Melbourne's central business district before it was shut down in November 2019. Newcastle's central business district launched an e-bike share scheme on 21 May 2018, including 19 docking stations with 100 electric bikes. The bike scheme was launched as a partnership between the operator BYKKO, and Transport for NSW. An initial pilot program funded with $2000AUD of council grant money was conducted, though evidence of the evaluation does not appear to be posted publicly. After speaking with the local newspaper, BYKKO said the aim of the project is to complement the existing public transport system. The Brisbane CityCycle, operated by
JCDecaux Decaux Group (JCDecaux SA, ) is a multinational corporation based in Neuilly-sur-Seine, near Paris, France, known for its bus-stop advertising systems, billboards, public bicycle rental systems, and street furniture. It is the largest outdoor ...
, started on 1 September 2010 and has grown to include 2000 bikes in 150 stations. Its operation has depended on public subsidy. Initially, helmets were not provided with the bikes, but this was later changed. After only achieving 80,000 trips in its first twelve months , this increased to 522,388 in the 2016-17 financial year.


Dockless systems

In 2017 dockless systems were launched in a number of Australian cities. ;Sydney * Airbike (company), Airbike launched in Adelaide, Canberra, and Sydney.where will it take you?
''airbike.network'', accessed 18 March 2020
*
oBike oBike was a Singapore-registered stationless bicycle-sharing system started by businessmen Shi Yi and Edward Chen with operations in several countries. The bikes have a built-in Bluetooth lock and can therefore be left anywhere at the end of a ...
has placed 1,000 bikes since July 2017. * Reddy Go started with 1,500 bikes, also in July 2017, and has expanded to over 2,000 bikes. The company exited Sydney in July 2018, citing "red tape". * Ofo (bike sharing), Ofo launched with 600 bikes in October 2017. In July 2018 Ofo announced it was leaving Australia. * Mobike distributed up to 500 bikes in November 2017. ;Melbourne * oBike placed 1,250 bikes in Melbourne since July 2017. There was vandalism of the bikes in the first few months, including some being dumped in the Yarra River. ; ;Perth * Urbi bike-share began a 12-month trial operating within the City of Joondalup in September 2017.Urbi bike-share at Joondalup
Accessed 17 September 2017
;Adelaide Ofo distributed 50 bikes throughout North Adelaide in October 2017. In July 2018 Ofo announced it was leaving Australia. Airbike (company), Airbike launched in Adelaide. ;Brisbane Subscriptions for CityCycle, a Vélib-style community bike hire scheme by
JCDecaux Decaux Group (JCDecaux SA, ) is a multinational corporation based in Neuilly-sur-Seine, near Paris, France, known for its bus-stop advertising systems, billboards, public bicycle rental systems, and street furniture. It is the largest outdoor ...
for
Brisbane Brisbane ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Queensland, and the third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population of approximately 2.6 million. Brisbane lies at the centre of the South ...
started on 1 September 2010 and has grown to include 2000 bikes in 150 stations from the University of Queensland to Tenerife. Its operation has depended on public subsidy. Initially, helmets were not provided with the bikes but this was later changed. After logging only 80,000 trips in its first twelve months, by 2016-17 this had increased to 522,388. The bikes were linked to the public transport go card – a single card covering all buses, trains, ferries, and the Gold Coast light rail system. In 2017 it was announced new bank card facilities would be added to the stations. After ten years of operation, the hire scheme's decommission was announced for 2021. Throughout 2021, CityCycle stations were removed to make way for shared e-bikes. ;Gold Coast Mobike started with 200 bikes around Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach in February 2018 with the number expected to grow to 2,000 by the time of the Commonwealth Games in April. Mobike was granted exclusive rights to operate bike sharing by the local council and will partner with Transit Australia Group and Good Cycles.


New Zealand

In both Auckland and Christchurch, Nextbike provides some limited cycle sharing facilities; plans are in hand to expand these. The NZ Transport Agency, New Zealand Transport Agency is working with Auckland Transport and the Christchurch City Council respectively to investigate cycle sharing schemes for each city. Independently, a private consortium proposed having a scheme in place in Auckland in 2017. Onzo NZ is the first and largest dockless bike sharing platform to launch in New Zealand, beginning in Auckland in late 2017, and in Wellington in 2018.


Universities


Canada

* University of British Columbia, Vancouver – Purple and Yellow Bikes


India

* Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – NammaCycle * Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi -Desi Wheels * Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay – Zoomcar PEDL


Jordan

* Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid – Darajty (دراجتي)


Mexico

* National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City – Bicipuma


United Kingdom

Several cycle hire schemes in UK towns and cities overlap their university areas, e.g. the one at Stirling. Others, e.g. Leeds, offer longer-term cycle hire. Kingston University is reported to have a scheme called KU Bikes that was due to begin in early 2018, while Derby anticipates that Hourbike will run a scheme in Derby operating electric bikes, around the same time. * University of Nottingham, Nottingham – Ucycle


United States

* Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee – Belmont Bikes * California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California –
Zagster Zagster (est. in 2007) was a venture-funded startup company based in Boston, Massachusetts that designed, built and operated bike sharing programs for cities, universities, corporate campuses, hotels, and residential communities across the Unit ...
(service cancelled) *
College of Charleston The College of Charleston (CofC or Charleston) is a public university in Charleston, South Carolina. Founded in 1770 and chartered in 1785, it is the oldest university in South Carolina, the 13th oldest institution of higher learning in the Unit ...
, Charleston, South Carolina – Bike Share * Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa – Purple Bikes * Cornell University, Ithaca, New York – Big Red Bikes * Duke University, Durham, North Carolina –
Zagster Zagster (est. in 2007) was a venture-funded startup company based in Boston, Massachusetts that designed, built and operated bike sharing programs for cities, universities, corporate campuses, hotels, and residential communities across the Unit ...
* Emory University, Druid Hills, Georgia – Bike Emory * Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida – ReCycle Program * Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia – viaCycle@GT * Hamilton College (New York), Hamilton College, Clinton, Oneida County, New York, Clinton, New York – Gilded Bicycle Guild (founded in 2006, returned spring 2012) * Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts – Yellow Bike Program * Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts – CrimsonBikes * Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois – Reggie Ride * Keene State College, Keene, New Hampshire – Green Bike Program * Kent State University, Kent, Ohio – Flashfleet * New York University,
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
– NYU Bike Share * Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona – Yellow Bike Program * Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan – OU Bike Share * Occidental College, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California – Bike Share *
Ohio State University The Ohio State University, commonly called Ohio State or OSU, is a public land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio. A member of the University System of Ohio, it has been ranked by major institutional rankings among the best pub ...
,
Columbus, Ohio Columbus () is the state capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio. With a 2020 census population of 905,748, it is the 14th-most populous city in the U.S., the second-most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, an ...
– Buckeye Bikes * Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, Olin College, Needham, Massachusetts – GO Bikes * Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio – Otterbike Program * Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania – Zagster (until all bikes and stations were removed in June 2020) * St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota – Green Bikes * Saint Xavier University, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois – Green Bike * Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California –
Zagster Zagster (est. in 2007) was a venture-funded startup company based in Boston, Massachusetts that designed, built and operated bike sharing programs for cities, universities, corporate campuses, hotels, and residential communities across the Unit ...
* Southwestern University, Georgetown, Texas – Pirate Bike Program * Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York – Wolf Ride – PBSC * University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California – Zotwheels (automated bike share program, inaugurated Fall 2009) * University of Chicago, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois – recycles * University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio – UC Bearcats Bike Share * University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky – Wildcat Wheels, * University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina – Tar Heel Bikes * University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – PennCycle * University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida – Borrow Our Bikes Program * University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma – Yellow Bikes * University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont – B.U.G. Bike Share * Trinity College (Connecticut), Hartford,CT – Bantam Bike * Washington State University, Pullman, Washington – WSU Green Bike Program – PBSC (operated by WSU Wellbeing, inaugurated in Fall 2009) * Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut –
Zagster Zagster (est. in 2007) was a venture-funded startup company based in Boston, Massachusetts that designed, built and operated bike sharing programs for cities, universities, corporate campuses, hotels, and residential communities across the Unit ...
until indefinite shutdown as of May 2020


See also

* Alternatives to the automobile * Bicycle sharing system * Carsharing * Collaborative consumption * Outline of cycling * Scooter-sharing system * Sustainable transport


Notes


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bicycle Sharing Systems, List Of Community bicycle programs, Cycling-related lists Road transport-related lists