List of ancient Daco-Thracian peoples and tribes

This is a list of four ancient peoples and their tribes that were possibly related and formed an extinct Indo-European branch of peoples and languages in the eastern Balcans, low Danube basin. These peoples dwelt from west of the Tyras (Dniester) river and east of the Carpathian Mountains in the north, to the north coast of the Aegean Sea in the south, from the west coast of the Pontus Euxinus (Black Sea) in the east, to roughly the Angrus (modern South Morava) river basin, Tisia (modern Tisza) and Danubius (modern Danube) rivers in the west. This list is based in the possible ethnolinguist affiliation of these peoples - Geto-Dacians, Moesians, Thracians and Paeonians (including possibly or partly Thracian or Dacian tribes) and not only on a geographical base (that includes other peoples that were not Dacians or Thracians like the Celts that lived in Dacia or in Thrace).

Ancestors

*Proto-Indo-Europeans (Proto-Indo-European speakers)
** Proto-Daco-Thracians ( Proto-Daco-Thracian speakers)

Daco-Moesians

Geto-Dacians

*Dacians / Daci (a closely related people to the Getae, mainly west of the Carpathian Mountains, roughly matching the Dacia Superior Roman Province)
**Albocenses
** Ansamenses
**Apuli / Appuli / Apulenses ( Dacian Apuli) with the center at Apulon
**Biephi / Biephes
** Bures / Buri ( Northwest Buri), they lived in the northwest of Dacia - South of Slovakian Carpathians, in the Upper Basin of the Tisia / Tisza, although related, they were a different tribe from the one centered in Buridava. (not to be confused with the Germanic tribe called Buri)
** Caucoenses or Cauci
**Costoboci / Costoboces / Coertoboci also Koistobokoi and Koistobokoi Montanoi
**Osi / Osii, they were a Dacian tribe but it is also argued that it was Germanic or Celtic. It was among the enemies of the Romans in the Marcomannic Wars (166-180 AD), according to Julius Capitolinus"
**Predasenses / Predavensii
** Ratacenses / Rhadacenses
** Saboci / Sabokoi, they were a Dacian tribe, among the enemies of the Romans in the Marcomannic Wars (166-180 AD), according to Julius Capitolinus"
** Serri
**Senses / Sensii
**Suci
** Trixae
*Getae (a closely related people to the Dacians, mainly east of the Carpathian Mountains, roughly matching the Dacia Inferior Roman Province)
** Britolages
** Buridavenses / Burridensii ( Southeast Buri), their capital was Buridava, on the southern slope of the Carpathian Mountains (although related, they were a different tribe from the one that lived in the northwest of Dacia - South of Slovakian Carpathians, in the Upper Basin of the Tisia (modern Tisza) (not to be confused with the Germanic tribe called Buri)
**Carpi / Carpiani / Carpians, Carpathian Mountains name is based on this tribe
**Ciaginsi / Ciagisi
** Cotesii
**Crobyzi / Krobyzoi / Crobidae, perhaps GetaeJohn Boardman in his History wrote “However, a text of the Hellanicus associates the Crobyzi as well the Terizi (From the Tirizian promontory) with the Getae, who “immortalize” (Hdt IV94) that is “render immortal” by ritual. The Crobizi were a subgroup of the Getae tribes. Already known to Hecataeus they are grouped by Herodotus with Thracians” The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, , 1992, page 598/
** Getae Proper
***Aedi
***Clariae
***ScaugdaeThe Cambridge ancient history Volume 3, page 598, by John Boardman, 1991, , "Getic tribes were probably the Aedi, the Scaugdae and the Clariae ... They were known in antiquity as Getae..."
** Harpii
** Obulenses
**Ordes
** Piephigi
** Potulatenses
**Saldenses / Saldensii
** Terici / Terizi
**Tyragetae / Tyrageti
**Troglodytae ( Getian Troglodytae)

Dacians mixed with other peoples

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Daco-Celts

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*Anartes / Anarti (Dacianized Celtic tribe, Celtic origin tribe later assimilated by the Dacians)Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, , 2007, page 46
*Teurisci

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Daco-Scythians

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* Napae (Dacianized Scythian tribe, Scythian origin tribe later assimilated by the Dacians, after whom the city of Napoca is possibly named

Moesians / Moesi / Mysi

* Artacii / Artakioi
* Aureliani
* Picenses - They lived south of the Danube Iron Gates (see Map 5).
*Triballi

Thracians

Certain tribes and subdivisions of tribes were named differently by ancient writers but modern research points out that these were in fact the same tribe. The name ''Thracians'' itself seems to be a Greek exonym and we have no way of knowing what the Thracians called themselves. Also certain tribes mentioned by Homer are not indeed historical.
*Agrianes (it is also claimed that this tribe was Paeonian)Early symbolic systems for communication in Southeast Europe, Part 2
by Lolita Nikolova, , 2003, page 529, "eastern Paionians (Agrianians and Laeaeans)"
*Apsynthii
*Astae / Asti,The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, , 2001, page 11: "After the battle, 10,000 Thracians drawn from the Astii, Caeni, Maduateni and Coreli occupied each side of a narrow forested pass ..." they appear in the 2nd century BC to 1st century BC
*Beni
*Bessi / Biessoi, they were among the enemies of the Romans in the Marcomannic Wars (166-180 AD), according to Julius Capitolinus"
*BisaltaeAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, 2005, , page 854, "... Various tribes have occupied this part of Thrace: Bisaltians (lower Strymon valley), Odomantes (the plain to the north of the Strymon) ..."
*BistonesThe Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubrey de Selincourt, , 2003, page 452: "... I10 The Thracian tribes lying along his route were the Paeti, Cicones, Bistones, Sapaei, Dersaei, Edoni, and Satrae..."
*Bithyni or Bythini, migrated to Asia Minor or Anatolia
*BrenaeStrabo, Geography, book 7, chapter fragments: ... and a fourth to Pelagonia. Along the Hebrus dwell the Corpili, the Brenæ still higher up, above them, and lastly
*Caeni / Kainoi
*CebreniiPolyaenus: Stratagems - BOOK 7, The generals of the Cebrenii and Sycaeboae, two Thracian tribes, were chosen from among the priests of Hera. Cosingas, according to the tradition of the country, was elected to be their priest and general; but the army took some objection to him, and refused to obey him. To suppress the rebelliousness that had taken hold of the troops, Cosingas built a number of long ladders, and fastened them one to another. He then put out a report, that he had decided to climb up to heaven, in order to inform Hera of the disobedience of the Thracians. The Thracians, who are notoriously stupid and ridiculous, were terrified by the idea of their general's intended journey, and the resulting wrath of heaven. They implored him not to carry out his plan, and they promised with an oath to obey all of his future commands.
*Cicones (Kikones), mentioned by Homer in Odyssey
*Coelaletae
*Coreli / Coralli
*Corpili / Corpillices
*CrousiThe Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, , 1992, page 601-602
*Dersaei
*Dentheletae
*Derrones (it is also claimed that this tribe was Paeonian)
*Digeri
*Dii / DioiThe Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond, , 1992, page 607: "The existence of a tribe called Diobessi (Plin.Loc.Cit.) links together ethnically the Bessi and the Dii..."
* Diobesi
*Dolonci
*Edoni / Edones
*Maduateni
*Maedi
**MaedoBythini, Maedi that migrated to Asia Minor or Anatolia
*MelanditaeAnabasis by H. G. Dakyns, 2006, , page 321: "... his sway extended over the Melanditae, the Thynians, and the Tranipsae. Then the affairs of the Odrysians took ..."
* Melinophagi
*NipsaeiThe Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, , 2003, page 271, "The Thracians of... those who live beyond Apollonia and Mesembria, known as the Scyrmiadae and Nipsaeans, surrendered without fighting; but the Getae..."
*Odomanti / Odomantes (it is also claimed that this tribe was Paeonian)
*Odrysae / Odrysians
*Paeti
*PieresAn Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen, 2005, , page 803: "... a ..decree from Gonnoi. Originally populated by Thracian Pieres, Leibethra and this part of Pieria were conquered by the ..." (They also may have been a Brygian tribe, related to the Phrygians and the Mygdones, and not a Thracian tribe)
* Saii / Saioi / Saianes ( Saians) - Thracian tribe that inhabited Thassos island before Phoenician and Greek colonization.
* Samothraci / Samothrakoi - Thracian tribe that lived in the island of Samothrace after the Pelasgians and before the Greeks that came from Samos island.
*Sapaei, close to Abdera, ruled Thrace after the Odrysians
*Satrae / Satri
*Scyrmiadae
*Sintians
*Sithones
*Sycaeboae
*Thyni, migrated to Asia Minor/Anatolia
*Tilataei
* Tralles
* Tranipsae
*Trausi
*Treres

Thracians mixed with other peoples

Thraco-Celts

*Tricornenses / Tricornesii (Romanized Thraco-Celtic community, artificially created by the Romans, that replaced the Celtic Celegeri)

Thraco-Illyrians

Mixed tribes of Thracians and Illyrians, Thracians and Illyrians seem to have belonged to two ethnolinguistic different branches of Indo-European peoples.
*Dardani
**Galabri, subtribe of the Dardani.Strabo
"To the Dardaniatae belong also the Galabrii, among whom is an ancient city, and the Thunatae..."
**Thunatae, subtribe of the Dardani.

Thraco-Phrygians

Mixed tribes of Thracians and Phrygians, however Phrygians seem to have been a people ethnolinguistically closer to the Hellenic peoples, Greeks and ancient Macedonians, and not to the Thracians.
* Mygdones
*Pieres (They also may have been a Brygian tribe, related to the Phrygians and the Mygdones, and not a Thracian tribe)

Possible Daco-Thracian peoples

Paeonians / Paeones

There are different views and still no agreement among scholars about the Paeonians' ethnic and linguistic kinship. Some such as Wilhelm Tomaschek and Paul Kretschmer claim that the language spoken by the Paeonians belonged to the Illyrian family, while Dimitar Dechev claims affinities with Thracian. Irwin L. Merker considers that the language spoken by the Paeonians was closely related to Greek (and ancient Macedonian if it was a distinct language from ancient Greek), a Hellenic language with "a great deal of Illyrian and Thracian influence as a result of this proximity".

*Agrianes (also, ''Agriani'' and ''Agrii'') (it is also claimed that this tribe was Thracian)
*Almopians (also ''Almopioi'')
*Derrones (also ''Derroni'') (it is also claimed that this tribe was Thracian)
* Doberes
*Laeaeans (also ''Laeaei'' and ''Laiai'')
*Odomantes (also ''Odomanti'') (it is also claimed that this tribe was Thracian)
*Paeoplae
*SiropaionesThe Histories (Penguin Classics) by Herodotus, John M. Marincola, and Aubery de Selincourt, , 2003, page 315, "... was that a number of Paeonian tribes – the Siriopaeones, Paeoplae, ..."

Cimmerians

*Cimmerians could have been a people of Thracian- Dacian origin with an Iranian overlordship, a mixture of Thracians and Iranians or a missing link and a transitional people between Indo-Iranian peoples and Thracians and Dacians.

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See also

*Dacians
* Getans
*Moesians
*Paeonians
*Thracians
*List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia

References

External links

Dacian toponyms, hydronyms and tribe names
- Source texts of ancient Greek and Roman authors.

- Strabo's work ''The Geography'' (Geographica). Book 7, Chapters 3 and 6, are about Dacia, Thracia, Danube region (Southeastern Europe).

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Thracian Tribes


Lists of ancient Indo-European peoples and tribes
Thracian tribes
Thracian tribes