The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in
English
English usually refers to:
* English language
* English people
English may also refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England
** English national ide ...
and their
demonym
A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...
ic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note:
Demonyms
A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...
are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of ''-ese'' endings, are the same as the plural forms.
The ending ''-men'' has
feminine
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered fe ...
equivalent ''-women'' (e.g. ''an Irishman and a Scotswoman''). The
French terminations ''-ois'' / ''ais'' serve as both the singular and plural
masculine
Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors con ...
; adding 'e' ( / ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' ( / ) makes them plural feminine. The
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
termination "-o" usually denotes the
masculine
Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys. Masculinity can be theoretically understood as socially constructed, and there is also evidence that some behaviors con ...
and is normally changed to
feminine
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls. Femininity can be understood as socially constructed, and there is also some evidence that some behaviors considered fe ...
by replacing the "-o" with "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.
Adjectives ending ''-ish'' can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. ''the English, the Cornish''). So can those ending in ''-ch'' / ''-tch'' (e.g. ''the French'', ''the Dutch'') provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g., the adjective ''Czech'' does not qualify).
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the
language
Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of met ...
or
dialect
The term dialect (from Latin , , from the Ancient Greek word , 'discourse', from , 'through' and , 'I speak') can refer to either of two distinctly different types of Linguistics, linguistic phenomena:
One usage refers to a variety (linguisti ...
of the same name. (Reference
Ethnologue, Languages of the World
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are
cheeses,
cat breeds
The following list of cat breeds includes only domestic cat breeds and domestic and wild hybrids. The list includes established breeds recognized by various cat registries, new and experimental breeds, landraces being established as standardized ...
,
dog breeds
This list of dog breeds includes both Neontology#Extant taxa versus extinct taxa, extant and extinct dog breeds, Designer breed, varieties, landraces, and dog types. A research article on genomics, dog genomics published in Science/AAAS defines m ...
, and
horse breeds
This article is a list of horse and pony breeds with articles on Wikipedia, and also includes terms for types of horse that are not necessarily standardized breeds but are often labeled as breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted defini ...
. (See
List of words derived from toponyms
This is a list of English language words derived from toponyms, followed by the place name it derives from.
General
* agate — after ''Achates'', ancient Greek name for the river Dirillo on the Italian island of Sicily
* Alberta clipper — ...
.)
__TOC__
Planets
Continents
Entries in ''italics'' are continental regions.
Subcontinental regions
Countries and nations
States, provinces, regions and territories
Australian states and territories
Brazilian states
Canadian provinces and territories
Federated states and other territories of Germany
Indian states and territories
Bangladeshi divisions
Malaysian states and territories
States of Mexico
New Zealand regions
Philippine provinces
U.S. states
Regions in Greco-Roman antiquity
Regions tracing their origins (''or otherwise referenced'') in
Greco-Roman
The Greco-Roman civilization (; also Greco-Roman culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were di ...
antiquity
n cases where ancient regions are extant, this table is limited to cases where the present-day regional names retain their original/ancient form
(References:
Herodotus
Herodotus ( ; grc, , }; BC) was an ancient Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria ( Italy). He is known f ...
' "Histories";
Thucydides
Thucydides (; grc, , }; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His ''History of the Peloponnesian War'' recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "scientifi ...
' "Peloponnesian War";
Pausanias Pausanias ( el, Παυσανίας) may refer to:
*Pausanias of Athens, lover of the poet Agathon and a character in Plato's ''Symposium''
*Pausanias the Regent, Spartan general and regent of the 5th century BC
* Pausanias of Sicily, physician of t ...
' "Description of Greece";
Lemprière's
Bibliotheca Classica; Leverett's 1838 edition of the "Lexicon of the Latin Language"; Freeman's "The History of Sicily..."; et al.)
Other former nations and regions
Ancient civilization
A civilization (or civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of a state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond natural spoken language (namely, a writing system).
Civ ...
s, former
colonies
In modern parlance, a colony is a territory subject to a form of foreign rule. Though dominated by the foreign colonizers, colonies remain separate from the administration of the original country of the colonizers, the '' metropolitan state'' ...
,
renamed countries and regions,
annexation
Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...
s,
secession
Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics le ...
s, etc. (''other than Greco-Roman, which see
above'').
Fictional regions
Counties
Ireland
United Kingdom
Cities
See also
*
Demonym
A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...
**List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions
The following is a list of adjectival forms of subcontinental regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these subcontinental regions.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms ...
***
List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English language, English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms ...
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
The following is a list of adjectival forms of cities in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these cities.
Demonyms ending in ''-ese'' are the same in the singular and plural forms.
The ending ...
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
****
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity
***
List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
References
External links
{{Wiktionary, demonym, gentilic
Alphabetical list of world demonymsDemonyms of the World
Adjectival Forms Of Place Names
Adjectival Forms Of Place Names
Placename Etymologies