This is a list of currently active separatist movements in

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the souther ...

. Separatism includes autonomism and

secession Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics l ...

ism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria: #They are active movements with living, active members. #They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region. #They are citizens/peoples of the conflict area and not from another country. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: *''De facto'' state: for regions with ''

de facto ''De facto'' ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with '' de jure'' ("by l ...

'' autonomy from the government *Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding

sovereign state A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a polity, political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defin ...

*Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession **''De facto'' autonomous government: for governments with ''de facto'' autonomous control over a region **Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control **Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession **Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations **Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities ** Ethnic/ ethno-religious/ racial/ regional/ religious group(s)

Argentina

Mendoza * Proposed state: Flag of Mendoza Province, Provinces of Argentina

República de Mendoza ** Advocacy group: Mendoexit Araucanía * Advocacy groups: Consejo de Todas las Tierras,

Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche Resistencia Ancestral Mapuche (, RAM) is an alleged indigenous organization advocated to the creation of an autonomous Mapuche state in Araucanía, which is, they say, ''the revindication and recovery of former Mapuche lands''. They are mostly re ...

* Proposed state or autonomous area: Flag_of_the_Mapuches

Wallmapu

Brazil

São Paulo São Paulo (, ; Portuguese for 'Saint Paul') is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the Ga ...

*Proposed state: Bandeira Separatista de São Paulo

** Advocacy group:

Movimento República de São Paulo ''Movimento'' (English: "Movement") is the sixth studio album by Portuguese group Madredeus. It was released on 9 April 2001 by EMI-Valentim de Carvalho. Recording ''Movimento'' was recorded in January and February 2000 at the Wisseloord Studio ...

** Proposition: To separate the São Paulo state from Brazil, creating the Republic of São Paulo. To organize and promote free debate and studies on the degree of autonomy of the State of São Paulo in the Brazilian federation and the current model of federalism in Brazil, as well as on the implementation of a new model of the Confederate States, and discuss foster actions aimed at bringing the public discussion of the federation, to foster growth stock elements of the typical culture of São Paulo, to organize debates and events on the political representation of the State of São Paulo in the current model of federation, among other actions. Bandeira do movimento O Sul É o Meu País

Sul In the localised Celtic polytheism practised in Great Britain, Sulis was a deity worshiped at the thermal spring of Bath (now in Somerset). She was worshiped by the Romano-British as Sulis Minerva, whose votive objects and inscribed lead tab ...

* Proposed state: Bandeira do movimento O Sul É o Meu País

** Advocacy group: The South is My Country () ** Proposition: To separate the states of the southern region, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul creating a confederation between them. Bandeira do Amazonas

Amazonas * Proposed state: Bandeira da República dos Povos da Amazônia

Republic of the Peoples of the Amazon ** Advocacy group: Independent Amazon Movement Northeast Liberation front flag

Northeast Libertarian Front * Proposed state: Northeast Liberation front flag

Northeast Libertarian Front ** Advocacy group: Frente Libertária Nordeste Livre Bandeira do estado do Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of the same name, Brazil's List of Brazilian states by population, third-most populous state, and the List of largest citi ...

* Proposed state: Bandeira do estado do Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro ** Advocacy group: Rio is my Country Bandeira do Espírito Santo

Espírito Santo Espírito Santo (, , ; ) is a state in southeastern Brazil. Its capital is Vitória, and its largest city is Serra. With an extensive coastline, the state hosts some of the country's main ports, and its beaches are significant tourist att ...

*Proposed state: Bandeira do Espírito Santo

** Advocacy group: Espirito Santo e Meu Pais

Chile

Chiloé Province * Proposed automous state: Bandera williche de Chiloé

Chiloé ** Advocacy group:

Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano The Movimiento Archipiélago Soberano (''Sovereign Archipelago Movement'') is a non-governmental organization that champions the autonomy and cultural identity of the Chiloé Archipelago. Founded in 2020, the movement is dedicated to promoting th ...

Araucanía * Advocacy group: Consejo de Todas las Tierras,

* Proposed state or autonomous area: Flag_of_the_Mapuches

Wallmapu Magallanes Region *Proposed state or autonomous area: Magallanes **Advocacy group:

Arica and Parinacota The Arica y Parinacota Region ( es, link=no, Región de Arica y Parinacota ) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It comprises two provinces, Arica and Parinacota. It borders Peru's Department of Tacna to the north, Bolivi ...

*Proposed state or autonomous area: Bandera Regionalista de Arica y Parinacota

Independent State of Arica **Advocacy Group: Arica Estado Independiente

Colombia

San Andrés y Providencia * Proposed state: Flag of Raizal nationalists

San Andrés y Providencia ** Advocacy group: (AMEN-SD) ** Proposition: Self determination for the Raizal people. * Proposed state: Independent Republic of Antioquia * Proposition: Calls for an "independent republic"