Lipova (;
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
and
Hungarian: ''Lippa'';
Serbian: Липова, ''Lipova'';
Turkish: ''Lipva'') is a town in
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...
,
Arad County
Arad County () is an administrative division ( judeţ) of Romania roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with Hungary, mostly in the region of Crișana and few villages in Banat. The administrative center ...
, located in the
Banat
Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of T ...
region. It is situated at a distance of from
Arad, the county capital, at the contact zone of the river
Mureș with the , the Western Plateau, and the Lipova Hills. It administers two villages, Radna (''Máriaradna'') and Șoimoș (''Solymosvár''), and its total surface is .
The first written record of the town dates back to 1315 under the name ''Lipwa''. In 1324 the settlement was mentioned as castellanus de Lypua, a place-name that reflects its reinforced character of that time.
Population
According to the census of 2011 the population of the town was 9,648 inhabitants. The ethnic groups were: 94% Romanians, 2.89% Hungarians, 1.47% Roma, 1.27% Germans, 0.07% Slovaks, 0.18% Ukrainians and 0.1% of other or undeclared nationalities.
Etymology
Its name is derived from the Slavic word ''
lipa'',
linden tree
''Tilia'' is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Britain and Ireland they ...
, with the ''
-ova'' suffix.
History
Situated at the crossing of the roads leading to
Transylvania
Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...
,
Banat
Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of T ...
, and
Wallachia
Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and so ...
, Lipova had a history full of vicissitudes. It was situated strategically at the
Mureș River Mureș may refer to:
* Mureș County, Romania
* Mureș (river) in Romania and Hungary (''Maros'')
* Mureș culture, a Bronze Age culture from Romania
See also
* Târgu Mureș, the capital of Mureș County
* Ocna Mureș
Ocna Mureș (; la, Salina ...
's exit from the
defile, and consequently it was an extremely enviable centre. After the
Tartar invasion in 1241 the fortresses were rebuilt, and the lines of the future urban settlement started to get contoured around the castle. Several names of famous historical personalities are related to this castle, such as
John Hunyadi
John Hunyadi (, , , ; 1406 – 11 August 1456) was a leading Hungarian military and political figure in Central and Southeastern Europe during the 15th century. According to most contemporary sources, he was the member of a noble family of ...
,
Matthias Corvinus
Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I ( hu, Hunyadi Mátyás, ro, Matia/Matei Corvin, hr, Matija/Matijaš Korvin, sk, Matej Korvín, cz, Matyáš Korvín; ), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490. After conducting several mi ...
,
György Dózsa
György Dózsa (or ''György Székely'',appears as "Georgius Zekel" in old texts ro, Gheorghe Doja; 1470 – 20 July 1514) was a Székely man-at-arms (and by some accounts, a nobleman) from Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary who led a peasa ...
,
John Zápolya
John Zápolya or Szapolyai ( hu, Szapolyai/ Zápolya János, hr, Ivan Zapolja, ro, Ioan Zápolya, sk, Ján Zápoľský; 1490/91 – 22 July 1540), was King of Hungary (as John I) from 1526 to 1540. His rule was disputed by Archduke Ferd ...
, etc. Due to the continuous disputes, the town has become four times under Turk administration (between 1552 and 1595, between 1613 and 1686, between 1690-1691 and between 1695 and 1716), and starting with 1716 it became under Habsburg domination. In the 18th-19th centuries Lipova was a well-developed economic centre with famous craftsmen working here. In the period of the revolution in 1848-49 and in the beginning of the 20th century Lipova became an important centre of political and national emancipation, due to the activity of remarkable personalities, such as
Nicolae Bălcescu
Nicolae Bălcescu () (29 June 181929 November 1852) was a Romanian Wallachian soldier, historian, journalist, and leader of the 1848 Wallachian Revolution.
Early life
Born in Bucharest to a family of low-ranking nobility, he used his mother's ...
,
Vasile Goldiș
Vasile Goldiș (12 November 1862 – 10 February 1934) was a Romanian politician, social theorist, and member of the Romanian Academy.
Early life
He was born on 12 November 1862 in his grandfather's (Teodor Goldiș) house in the village of M ...
, , and
Teodor Șerb
Teodor is a masculine given name. In English, it is a cognate of Theodore. Notable people with the name include:
*Teodor Muzaka III, Albanian nobleman who was born in 1393.
* Teodor Andrault de Langeron (19th century), President of Warsaw
* Teod ...
.
Șoimoș Castle has also taken part from the successive vicissitudinary periods related to the historical events of Lipova and
to the defensive role of the main entrance gate from Transylvania.
Tourist attractions
The car industry, light industry, services and tourism are the most representative economic sectors. The tourist sites of the town include both natural and anthropic elements. Due to the abundance of tourist attractions, Lipova is an important tourism centre. The natural reservation "Balta Șoimoș", the Șoimoș Castle, the monastery called "Saint Mary" in Radna, the and the Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in Lipova, the town museum, the "Sub dughene" bazaar (Turkish bazaar), the environs of the town-hall (Nicolae Bălcescu Street) and the thermal bath where springs with curative mineral water flow.
Natives
*
Carmen-Francesca Banciu
Carmen-Francesca Banciu (born October 25, 1955) is a Romanian novelist and lecturer.
Biography
Born in Lipova, Arad County, she was the daughter of a high-ranking Romanian Communist Party and government official. Banciu studied church mural pa ...
(born 1955), novelist
*
Alajos Degré
Alajos Degré ( Lippa, Hungary (today in Romania), January 6, 1819 – Budapest, November 1, 1896) was Hungarian lawyer, legal historian, author and one of the key figures of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
Life
He was born to a middle-class, ...
(1819–1896), lawyer
*
Atanasie Marian Marienescu
Atanasie Marian Marienescu (–) was an Austro-Hungarian ethnic Romanian folklorist, ethnographer and judge.
Born in Lipova, Arad County, in the Banat region, his father Ion Marian was a trader, while his mother Persida (''née'' Șandor) cam ...
(1830–1915), folklorist and judge
*
Jovan Nenad
Jovan Nenad ( sr-cyr, Јован Ненад; hu, Fekete Iván or ; ca. 1492 – 26 July 1527), known as ''the Black'' was a Serb military commander in the service of the Kingdom of Hungary who took advantage of a Hungarian military defeat at Moh ...
(1492–1527), self-declared
Emperor of Serbia
Between 1345 and 1371, the Serbian monarch was self-titled emperor (tsar). The full title was initially Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks, later Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks and Bulgarians in Serbian language, Serbian and ''basileus'' and ''au ...
*
Pahomije Tenecki
Pahomije Tenecki (Serbian Cyrillic: Пахомије Тенецки) was a Serbian painter born in the 17th-century.
Pahomije Tenecki comes from an aristocratic pedigree from Lipova on his paternal side. His mother's people came from Poland. Pah ...
(17th century), painter
*
Stefan Tenecki
Stefan Tenecki (In Serbian Стефан Тенецки; in Romanian Ștefan Tenețchi; Lipova, Arad
Lipova (; German and Hungarian: ''Lippa''; Serbian: Липова, ''Lipova''; Turkish: ''Lipva'') is a town in Romania, Arad County, locate ...
(1720–1798), icon painter
* Tinu Veresezan, singer
*
Ion Vincze
Ion Vincze (born Vincze János and also called Ion or Ioan Vințe; September 1, 1910 – 1996) was a Romanian communist politician and diplomat. An activist of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR), he was married to Constanța Crăciun, herself a ...
(1910–1996), communist activist
References
External links
Town Hall site Official Facebook Page of Lipova City Official Google+ Page of Lipova City
{{Authority control
Populated places in Arad County
Towns in Romania
Localities in Romanian Banat
Spa towns in Romania
Place names of Slavic origin in Romania
Former capitals of Hungary