''Lipandra polysperma'' (Syn. ''Chenopodium polyspermum''), common name manyseed goosefoot, is the only species of the

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...

plant

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

''Lipandra'' from the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family

Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it ...

Description

''Lipandra polysperma'' is a non-aromatic, glabrous

annual Annual may refer to: *Annual publication, periodical publications appearing regularly once per year ** Yearbook ** Literary annual *Annual plant *Annual report *Annual giving *Annual, Morocco, a settlement in northeastern Morocco *Annuals (band), ...

herb. The stems grow erect to ascending or prostrate and are branched with usually alternate, basally sometimes nearly opposite branches. The alternate leaves consist of a petiole and a simple blade. The leaf blade is thin, ovate-elliptic, with entire margins. The

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem, stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphology (biology), Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of sperma ...

s consist of loose dichasia in the axils of leaf-like bracts, sometimes of more condensed glomerules of flowers arranged spicately. The flowers are bisexual or

pistillate Gynoecium (; ) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds. The gynoecium is the innermost whorl (botany), whorl of a flower; it consists of (one or m ...

, with (4-) 5 nearly free

perianth The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla ( petals) or tepals when ...

segments, 1-3 (-5)

stamens The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

and an ovary with 2 stigmas. In fruit, perianth segments remain unchanged. The fruit has a membranous

pericarp Fruit anatomy is the plant anatomy of the internal structure of fruit. Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Aggr ...

, which is free from the seed. The horizontally orientated seeds are compressed-globose. The brown to blackish seed coat is undulately striate.

Distribution

''Lipandra polysperma'' is distributed in most regions of

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

and in temperate

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

. It is widely naturalized elsewhere, as in North America.

Systematics

The species was first described in 1753 by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his Nobility#Ennoblement, ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalise ...

as ''Chenopodium polyspermum'' in '' Species Plantarum''. After

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

research, Fuentes-Bazan et al. (2012) separated this species from genus ''

Chenopodium ''Chenopodium'' is a genus of numerous species of perennial or annual herbaceous flowering plants known as the goosefoots, which occur almost anywhere in the world. It is placed in the family Amaranthaceae in the APG II system; older classific ...

'' that would otherwise have been

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...

. The genus ''Lipandra'' was first described by Alfred Moquin-Tandon in 1840 (in ''Chenopodearum monographica enumeratio'', p. 19.), replacing an older illegitimate name:

Christian Friedrich Lessing Christian Friedrich Lessing (10 August 1809 – 13 March 1862) was a German botanist who was a native of Syców, Groß Wartenberg, Niederschlesien. He was a brother to painter Carl Friedrich Lessing (1808–1880), and a grandnephew of poet Gotthold ...

's genus ''Oligandra'' (1835, not the Asteraceae genus ''Oligandra'' from 1832) had only one species, ''Oligandra atriplicoides'', that was soon considered identical with ''Chenopodium polyspermum''. ''Lipandra polysperma'' belongs to the same tribe as ''Chenopodium'', Tribus

Atripliceae Atripliceae are a tribe of the subfamily Chenopodioideae belonging to the plant family Amaranthaceae. '' Atriplex'' is the largest genus of the tribe. Species of Atripiceae are ecologically important in steppe and semi-desert climates. Distrib ...

. Synonyms of genus ''Lipandra'' Moq.: *''Oligandra'' Less. 1835 (nom illeg., non Less. 1832) *''Gandriloa'' Steud. (nom. illeg.) *''Oliganthera'' Endl. (nom. illeg.) *''Chenopodium'' nranked''Polysperma'' Standl. *''Chenopodium'' subsect. ''Polysperma'' (Standl.) Kowal ex Mosyakin & Clemants

References

Distribution map for the northern hemisphere
from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: ''Atlas of North European vascular plants.'' 1986, a

Carl von Linné: ''Species Plantarum.'' Vol. 1, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 220
/ref>

External links

''Chenopodium polyspermum''
in Flora of North America {{Taxonbar, from1=Q159109, from2=Q17271940, from3=Q18198585 Chenopodioideae Amaranthaceae genera Monotypic Caryophyllales genera