Lingnan (;

Vietnamese Vietnamese may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Vietnam, a country in Southeast Asia ** A citizen of Vietnam. See Demographics of Vietnam. * Vietnamese people, or Kinh people, a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Vietnam ** Overse ...

: Lĩnh Nam) is a geographic area referring to the lands in the south of the

Nanling Mountains The Nanling (), also known as the Wuling (), is a major mountain range in Southern China that separates the Pearl River Basin from the Yangtze Valley and serves as the dividing line between south and central subtropical zones. The main range ...

. The region covers the modern Chinese subdivisions of

Guangdong Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...

Guangxi Guangxi (; ; Chinese postal romanization, alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the People's Republic ...

Hainan Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , the largest and most populous island in China,The island of Taiwan, which is slightly l ...

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...

, and

Macau Macau or Macao (; ; ; ), officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China in the western Pearl River Delta by the South China Sea. With a pop ...

, as well as modern northern to central

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

Background

The area was inhabited by the

Baiyue The Baiyue (, ), Hundred Yue, or simply Yue (; ), were various ethnic groups who inhabited the regions of East China, South China and Northern Vietnam during the 1st millennium BC and 1st millennium AD. They were known for their short hair, ...

and was the base of the ancient kingdom of

Nanyue Nanyue (), was an ancient kingdom ruled by Chinese monarchs of the Zhao family that covered the modern Chinese subdivisions of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macau, southern Fujian and central to northern Vietnam. Nanyue was establish ...

. At that time, Lingnan was considered by the ancient Chinese court to be a tropical barbarian land that had lost contact with the

Zhongyuan Zhongyuan (), the Central Plain(s), also known as Zhongtu (, lit. 'central land') and Zhongzhou (, lit. 'central region'), commonly refers to the part of the North China Plain surrounding the lower and middle reaches of the Yellow River, centere ...

, which was the cultural cradle of

Chinese culture Chinese culture () is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago. The culture prevails across a large geographical region in East Asia and is extremely diverse and varying, with customs and traditions varying grea ...

. In the second century BCE, the

Han conquest of Nanyue The Han conquest of Nanyue was a military conflict between the Han Empire and the Nanyue kingdom in modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and Northern Vietnam. During the reign of Emperor Wu, the Han forces launched a punitive campaign against Nanyue and c ...

led to its absorption into the

Han dynasty The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...

during its southward expansion, and its development was boosted once the Mei Pass was paved. The region was also the base of the Kingdom of

Southern Han Southern Han (; 917–971), officially Han (), originally Yue (), was one of the ten kingdoms that existed during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was located on China's southern coast, controlling modern Guangdong and Guangxi. The ...

(917-971).

Lingnan Jiedushi

Lingnan

Jiedushi The ''jiedushi'' (), or jiedu, was a title for regional military governors in China which was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of ''jiedushi'' has been translated as "military commissioner", "legate", ...

or military command, were ruled by military governors during the Tang dynasty. List of jiedushis: *

Song Jing Song Jing (宋璟) (663 – November 21, 737), formally Duke Wenzhen of Guangping (廣平文貞公), was a Chinese politician during the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as the chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and ...

716 *Zhen Dan 717 *Pei Zhouxian 719-722 *Li Ju 727-735 *Li Shangyin 727 *Li Chaoyin 733-735 *Song Ding 739 *Pei Dunfu 745 *Peng Guo 745-747 *Lu Huan 749-751 *Zhang Jiugao 751-753 *A Lüguang 754-756 *Helan Jinming 756 *Wei Lijian 757-758 *Zhang Wanqing 758-760 *Zhao Liangbi 760-761 *Zhang Xiu 763 *Yang Shenwei 764-767 *Xu Hao 767-768 *

Li Mian Li Mian (; 717 – September 14, 788), courtesy name Xuanqing (玄卿), formally Duke Zhenjian of Qian (汧貞簡公), was a Chinese judge, military general, musician, poet, and politician during the Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during t ...

768-772 *Li Chongben 772-773 *Lu Sigong 773 * Li Shu 775 *Gao Yun 776-777 *Zhang Boyi 777-782 *Yuan Xiu 782-784 *

Du You Du You () (735 – December 23, 812), courtesy name Junqing (), formally Duke Anjian of Qi (), was a Chinese historian, military general, and politician. He served as chancellor of the Tang Dynasty. Du was born to an eminent aristocratic family i ...

784-787 *Li Fu 787-792 *Xue Jue 792-795 *Wang E 795-801 *Zhao Zhi 801-802 *Xu Shen 802-806 *Zhao Chang 806-808 *Yang Yuling 808-810 * Zheng Yin 810-813 *Ma Zong 813-816 *Cui Yong 817 *Kong Kui 817-820 *Cui Neng 820-823 *Zheng Quan 823-824 *

Cui Zhi Cui Zhi () (772 – March 2, 829''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 17, part 1.), courtesy name Gongxiu (公修), was an official of the Tang dynasty of China, serving as a chancellor during the reign of the Emperor Muzong. Both he and his cousin Cui Ling ...

824-826 *Hu Zheng 826-828 *Li Xian 828-829 *Cui Hu 829-830 *Li Liang 831-833 *

Cui Gong Cui Gong (崔珙) (died 854), formally the Duke of Anping (安平公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Wuzong. Background It is not known when Cui Gong was born. He was fr ...

833 *Wang Maoyuan 833-835 *Li Congyi 835-836 *Lu Jun 836-840 *

Cui Guicong Cui Guicong (崔龜從), courtesy name Xuangao (玄告), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong. Background and early career It is not known when Cui Guicong was born. ...

844-845 *Lu Zhen 845-846 *Li Pin 847-848 *Li Xingxiu 848-849 *Wei Zhengguan 849-851 *Ge Ganzhong 851-854 *Wei Shu 855-858 *Yang Fa 858 *Li Sui 858 *Li Chengxun 858-859 *Xiao Fang 859-860 *Wei Zhou 861-868 *Zheng Yu 868-871 *

Zheng Congdang Zheng Congdang (鄭從讜) (died 887?''New Book of Tang''vol. 63.), courtesy name Zhengqiu (正求), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, twice serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xizong. Background and early career ...

871-874 *Wei He 874-876 *Li Tiao 877-879 *Zheng Xu 879-886 *

Lü Yongzhi Lü Yongzhi (呂用之) (d. December 29, 887 Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 257.) was a Chinese magician, military general, and politician during the late medieval Tang Dynasty, who became trusted by ...

886 *Pei Qu 887-889 *Li Chonggui 890-895 *Chen Pei 893 *

Cui Yin Cui Yin (崔胤) (854'' New Book of Tang'', vol. 223, part 2.-February 1, 904''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 264. Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter), courtesy name Chuixiu (垂休), nickname Zilang (緇郎), formally the Duke of Wei (� ...

896 *

Li Zhirou Li Zhirou (李知柔) (died 900), formally the Prince of Xue (薛王), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving briefly as a chancellor in 895 during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong, to whom he was a distant relative. Background ...

896-900 *

900 *

Xu Yanruo Xu Yanruo (徐彥若) (died 901), courtesy name Yuzhi (俞之), formally the Duke of Qi (齊公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. Background and early career It i ...

900-901 * Liu Yin 901-911 *

Pei Shu Pei Shu (裴樞) (841'' Old Book of Tang'', vol. 113.-July 5, 905''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 265. Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter), courtesy name Jisheng (紀聖)'' New Book of Tang'', vol. 140. or Huasheng (化聖),

903 * Cui Yuan 904 *Liu Yan 911-917

References

{{PRChina-geo-stub Regions of China Regions of Vietnam

Background

Lingnan Jiedushi

See also

References